cōnspergō

* * *

conspergo (in MSS. also conspar-go; cf. 1. aspergo), si, sum, 3, v. a. [spargo].

To sprinkle, moisten, besprinkle, bespatter, strew (very freq. and class.).

Lit.

With acc. and abl.:

fores vino,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 80:

aras multo sanguine,

Lucr. 4, 1233:

terram tabo,

id. 3, 661:

me lacrimis,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

carnem sale,

Col. 12, 55, 3:

terram rore,

Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 38:

semen cinere,

id. 20, 1, 2, § 3:

tracta placentae farinae L. II. (i. e. libris duabus),

Cato, R. R. 76, 2 al. — Poet.:

herbas viridantes floribus,

Lucr. 2, 33:

caput Tauri stellis frequentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

Without abl.:

consperge (humum) ante aedes,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

humum aestuantem,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 15:

vias propter pulverem,

Suet. Calig. 43 fin. —

Trop. of oratorical ornament, to besprinkle or strew, to cover (the image taken from flowers):

(oratio) conspersa sit quasi verborum sententiarumque floribus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96:

quae quādam hilaritate conspersimus,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 8; * Quint. 8, 5, 28.—

To scatter, sprinkle:

vinum vetus,

Col. 12, 39, 3 dub.

to sprinkle, bestrew.

conspersĭo ( consparsĭo), ōnis, f. [conspergo] (late Lat.).

Abstr., a scattering, strewing, sprinkling:

crebra salis,

Pall. Nov. 13, 3.—

Concr., paste, dough, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 24 al.

di-spergo, in late Lat. and sometimes in MSS. of the older authors written di-spargo (cf. aspergo and conspergo), si, sum, 3, v. a., to scatter on all sides, to scatter about, disperse (freq. and class., esp. in the part. perf.).

Lit.:

per agros passim dispergit corpus,

Cic. Poet. N. D. 3, 26, 67; cf. per hypallagen:

membrorum collectio dispersa (coupled with dissipare),

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 22 (but in Lucr. 3, 988, the right reading is:

dispessis membris, not dispersis, v. dispando): cur (deus) tam multa pestifera terra marique disperserit?

id. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

nubes dispergunt venti,

Lucr. 5, 254:

an tibi jam mavis cerebrum dispergam hic?

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7; for which: ut cerebro dispergat viam, besprinkle, id. ib. 3, 2, 19:

caprae dispergunt se, contra oves so congregant et condensant in locum unum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 9; cf.:

comites dispersi,

Lucr. 4, 576; so the mid.:

dispersi, of persons,

Cic. Fl. 13, 30; id. Sest. 42, 91;

and esp. freq. of soldiers,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; 3, 28, 3; id. B. C. 1, 44, 1; 2, 38, 5 et saep.; Sall. J. 98, 4, et saep.; cf.:

dispersi a suis pars cedere, etc.,

id. ib. 51, 1; and in the verb. fin. act.:

quae (duo milia evocatorum) tota acie disperserat,

had distributed, Caes. B. C. 3, 88, 4:

fimum,

Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 193:

vitem traducibus dispergere atque disrarare,

Col. 5, 6, 36: lactuca dispergitur, set out, i. e. planted, id. 11, 3, 25:

color dispergitur omnis,

Lucr. 2, 831 (not disperditur, v. Lachm. ad h. l.):

ubi brachia et crura inaequaliter dispergit,

i. e. moves at random, Cels. 2, 6:

Mesopotamia vicatim dispersa,

i. e. divided, Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 117:

magna pars Judaeae vicis dispergitur,

Tac. H. 5, 8 et saep.— Poet.:

aries dispergit saxa (with effundere muros),

Luc. 1, 384 Cort.:

dispersa capillos,

id. 10, 84:

quo latior (res) est, in cunctas undique partis Plura modo dispargit et ab se corpora mittit,

Lucr. 2, 1135; so with in and acc., id. 1, 309; Caes. B. G. 6, 34, 1; Plin. 11, 37, 89, § 220:

tripartitum exercitum plures in manus,

Tac. A. 3, 74 al.:

aër dispargitur ad partis minutas corporis,

Lucr. 4, 895.

Trop.:

in praesentia tantummodo numeros et modos et partes argumentandi confuse et permixte dispersimus: post descripte... ex hac copia digeremus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf. id. de Or. 1, 42, 187; 191; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

bellum tam longe lateque dispersum,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

in re dispersa atque infinita,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1:

plebis vis soluta atque dispersa in multitudine,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

rumorem,

Tac. A. 4, 24:

falsos rumores,

id. H. 2, 96; and with acc. and inf.:

volgus fingendi avidum disperserat accitum in adoptionem,

had given out, id. ib. 2, 1:

membratim oportebit partis rei gestae dispergere in causam,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30:

vitam in auras,

Verg. A. 11, 617; cf.:

partem voti in auras,

id. ib. 795.— Hence, adv. in two forms:

dispersē, dispersedly, here and there (very rare):

disperse et diffuse dictae res,

Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 98:

multis in locis dicta,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 116. —

dispersim, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 7; 3, 2, 13; Suet. Caes. 80.

di-spergo, in late Lat. and sometimes in MSS. of the older authors written di-spargo (cf. aspergo and conspergo), si, sum, 3, v. a., to scatter on all sides, to scatter about, disperse (freq. and class., esp. in the part. perf.).

Lit.:

per agros passim dispergit corpus,

Cic. Poet. N. D. 3, 26, 67; cf. per hypallagen:

membrorum collectio dispersa (coupled with dissipare),

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 22 (but in Lucr. 3, 988, the right reading is:

dispessis membris, not dispersis, v. dispando): cur (deus) tam multa pestifera terra marique disperserit?

id. Ac. 2, 38, 120:

nubes dispergunt venti,

Lucr. 5, 254:

an tibi jam mavis cerebrum dispergam hic?

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7; for which: ut cerebro dispergat viam, besprinkle, id. ib. 3, 2, 19:

caprae dispergunt se, contra oves so congregant et condensant in locum unum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 9; cf.:

comites dispersi,

Lucr. 4, 576; so the mid.:

dispersi, of persons,

Cic. Fl. 13, 30; id. Sest. 42, 91;

and esp. freq. of soldiers,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; 3, 28, 3; id. B. C. 1, 44, 1; 2, 38, 5 et saep.; Sall. J. 98, 4, et saep.; cf.:

dispersi a suis pars cedere, etc.,

id. ib. 51, 1; and in the verb. fin. act.:

quae (duo milia evocatorum) tota acie disperserat,

had distributed, Caes. B. C. 3, 88, 4:

fimum,

Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 193:

vitem traducibus dispergere atque disrarare,

Col. 5, 6, 36: lactuca dispergitur, set out, i. e. planted, id. 11, 3, 25:

color dispergitur omnis,

Lucr. 2, 831 (not disperditur, v. Lachm. ad h. l.):

ubi brachia et crura inaequaliter dispergit,

i. e. moves at random, Cels. 2, 6:

Mesopotamia vicatim dispersa,

i. e. divided, Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 117:

magna pars Judaeae vicis dispergitur,

Tac. H. 5, 8 et saep.— Poet.:

aries dispergit saxa (with effundere muros),

Luc. 1, 384 Cort.:

dispersa capillos,

id. 10, 84:

quo latior (res) est, in cunctas undique partis Plura modo dispargit et ab se corpora mittit,

Lucr. 2, 1135; so with in and acc., id. 1, 309; Caes. B. G. 6, 34, 1; Plin. 11, 37, 89, § 220:

tripartitum exercitum plures in manus,

Tac. A. 3, 74 al.:

aër dispargitur ad partis minutas corporis,

Lucr. 4, 895.

Trop.:

in praesentia tantummodo numeros et modos et partes argumentandi confuse et permixte dispersimus: post descripte... ex hac copia digeremus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf. id. de Or. 1, 42, 187; 191; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

bellum tam longe lateque dispersum,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

in re dispersa atque infinita,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1:

plebis vis soluta atque dispersa in multitudine,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

rumorem,

Tac. A. 4, 24:

falsos rumores,

id. H. 2, 96; and with acc. and inf.:

volgus fingendi avidum disperserat accitum in adoptionem,

had given out, id. ib. 2, 1:

membratim oportebit partis rei gestae dispergere in causam,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30:

vitam in auras,

Verg. A. 11, 617; cf.:

partem voti in auras,

id. ib. 795.— Hence, adv. in two forms:

dispersē, dispersedly, here and there (very rare):

disperse et diffuse dictae res,

Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 98:

multis in locis dicta,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 116. —

dispersim, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 7; 3, 2, 13; Suet. Caes. 80.

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.

The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).

For i stands ĕ

in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—

In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—

In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —

In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—

In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and

In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—

It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.

It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.

The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.

The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.

The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.

As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.

e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.

The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).

For i stands ĕ

in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—

In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—

In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —

In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—

In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and

In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—

It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.

It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.

The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.

The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.

The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.

As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.

e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.