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1 охрана прибрежных районов
охрана прибрежных районов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
coast protection
A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters. (Source: GOOD)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > охрана прибрежных районов
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2 глубоководная разработка полезных ископаемых
глубоководная разработка полезных ископаемых
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
deep sea mining
The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits, are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England. (Source: PARCOR / ERIB)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > глубоководная разработка полезных ископаемых
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3 мангровый лес
мангровый лес
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
mangrove
Plant communities and trees that inhabit tidal swamps, muddy silt, and sand banks at the mouths of rivers and other low-lying areas which are regularly inundated by the sea, but which are protected from strong waves and currents. Mangroves are the only woody species that will grow where the land is periodically flooded with sea water; individual species have adapted themselves to different tidal levels, to various degrees of salinity, and to the nature of the mud or soil. Mangrove swamps and thickets support hundreds of terrestrial, marine, and amphibian species; have a special role in supporting estuarine fisheries; provide shelter, refuge and food for many forms of wildlife. (Source: GILP96)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > мангровый лес
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4 дельта реки
дельта реки
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
delta
A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дельта реки
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5 система обработки стоков
система обработки стоков
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sewage treatment system
Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > система обработки стоков
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6 зона приливов и отливов
зона приливов и отливов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
intertidal zone
1) The area between land and sea which is regularly exposed to the air by the tidal movement of the sea. Marine organisms that inhabit the intertidal zones have to adapt to periods of exposure to air and to the waves created by wind, which makes it the most physically demanding of the marine habitats.
2) The shore zone between the highest and lowest tides.
(Source: WRIGHT / LBC)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > зона приливов и отливов
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7 прибрежная экосистема
прибрежная экосистема
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
coastal ecosystem
Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > прибрежная экосистема
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8 разведение устриц
разведение устриц
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oyster farming
There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then "seeding" the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size. Then they are harvested with a bottom drag from a boat. Both suspension culture and bottom culture depend on natural food supplies for growing the shellfish being raised. (Source: MSTF)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разведение устриц
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9 береговая зона
береговая зона
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
coastal area
The areas of land and sea bordering the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker zone. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > береговая зона
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10 воздействие туризма на окружающую среду
воздействие туризма на окружающую среду
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental impact of tourism
Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздействие туризма на окружающую среду
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11 нормативный документ в области движения транспорта
нормативный документ в области движения транспорта
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
traffic regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly movement of vehicles on land, sea or in the air. (Source: BLD / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нормативный документ в области движения транспорта
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