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1 bú-sorg
commonly proncd. búk-sorg, f. care for worldly affairs, esp. in a bad sense; thirst for gain. -
2 DYKR
(pl. dykir), m. a crashing noise; varð af því dykr mikill, It gave a great crash.* * *(mod. dynkr, with an inserted n), m. a cracking, snapping noise; varð af því d. mikill, it gave a great crack, Grett. 96 A, cp. new Ed.; heyrðu þeir dyki mikla, Bárð. 32 new Ed.; mikill dykr, Al. 76; dunur ok dynki, Fas. iii. 412 (paper MS.); varð þat svá mikill dykr, sem nauts-búk flegnum væri kastað niðr á gólfit, Eb. 220 (new Ed. 78); dynkr, Grett. 178 new Ed. -
3 JÓL
Noel, Nowell, Noóel* * *n. pl. Yule, a great midwinter feast in the heathen time, afterwards applied to Christmas.* * *n. pl., in rhymes, gólig, Jóla, Ó. H. (in a verse); [A. S. geôl, sometimes used of the whole month of December, whereas December is also called æra geola = fore Yule, and January æftera geola = after Yule; the plur. in Icel. perhaps refers to this double month. The origin and etymology of the word Yule is much contested, and has been treated at length by Grimm (Gesch. der Deutschen Sprache), who tries to make out a relation between the Lat. Jūlus or Jūlius and the Teut. Yule, the one being a midsummer month, the other a midwinter month; like former etymologists, he also derives the word from hjól, a wheel, as referring to the sun’s wheeling round at midwinter and midsummer time. The resemblance of the words is striking, as also the old northern celebration of the midsummer feast Jónsvaka (see below), which was in fact a kind of midsummer Yule.]B. Yule, a great feast in the heathen time, afterwards applied to Christmas (as still in North. E.) In Icel. popular usage Yule-eve is a kind of landmark by which the year is reckoned, so that a man is as many years old as he has passed Yule nights, hafa lifað (so and so) margar Jóla-nætr; for the year counts from Yule night, whence the phrase, vera ílla or vel á ár kominn, to become well or ill in the year; thus a person born shortly before Yule is ‘ílla á ár kominn,’ for at next Yule he will be reckoned one year old, whereas one born just after it is ‘vel á ár kominn.’ The heathen Yule lasted thirteen days, whence are derived the names Þrettándi, the thirteenth = Epiphany, i. e. the 6th of January, as also the Engl. ‘Twelfth-night;’ it is however probable that the heathen feast was held a little later than the Christian (see hökunótt). The heathen Yule was a great merry-making, and tales of ghosts, ogres, and satyrs were attached to it, esp. the Jóla-sveinar or ‘Yule-lads,’ a kind of goblins or monster satyrs, thirteen in number, one to each day of the feast, sons of the kidnapping hag Grýla (q. v.), whose names were used to frighten children with, see Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 219, 220. As the night lengthens and the day shortens, the ghosts gain strength, and reach their highest at Yule time, see Grett. ch. 34–37, 67–70, Eb. ch. 34, Flóam. S. ch. 22. The day next before Yule is called atfanga-dagr (q. v.) Jóla, when stores were provided and fresh ale brewed, Jóla-öl. Passages in the Sagas referring to Yule are numerous, e.g. Hervar. S. ch. 4, Hálfd. S. Svarta ch. 8, Har. S. Hárf. ch. 16 (in a verse), Hák. S. Góða ch. 12, 15, 19, Ó. H. ch. 151, Eb. ch. 31, Landn. 3. ch. 15 (in the Hb.), Bjarn. 51 sqq., Sturl. iii. 127. As for Yule games cp. the Norse and Danish Jule-buk, Jola-geit (Ivar Aasen) = a Yule goat, Dan. Jule-leg = a Yule game.II. in poetry a feast (generally); hugins jól, a raven’s feast, Fms. vi. 255 (in a verse), cp. Bjarn. 36.COMPDS: Jólaaptan, Jólabál, Jólaboð, Jólabók, Jóladagr, Jóladrykkja, Jólafasta, Jólafriðr, Jólaföstubók, Jólaföstutíð, Jólagjöf, Jólagrið, Jólahald, Jólahelgi, Jólahöll, Jólakveld, Jólales, Jólamorgin, Jólanótt, Jólaskrá, Jólasveinar, Jólatíð, Jólatíðir, Jólatíðabók, Jólatungl, Jólaveizla, Jólavist, Jólaöl. -
4 MERGR
(gen. -jar), m. marrow.* * *m., gen. mergjar, dat. merg, but mergi, Ls. 43; pl. mergir; [A. S. mearg; Scot. mergh; Engl. marrow; Germ. mark; Dan. marv]:—marrow, Edda 28, Grág. ii. 91; frost og fjúk. er fast á búk frosinn mergr úr beinum, a ditty, passim.2. metaph. pith; mergr ritninganna, Mar.; af mergjum hjartans, id.; þat er m. málsins, þat er enginn m. í því, and the like.COMPDS: merglauss, mergleysi, mergruni. -
5 SORG
* * *(pl. -ir), f. sorrow (s. etr hjarta); lægja sorgir, to allay sorrows.* * *f. [Ulf. saurga = μέριμνα, λύπη; A. S. and Dan. sorg; Engl. sorrow; Germ. sorge]:—sorrow, care, bereavement; the original sense is care (harmr being ‘sorrow’); sorg etr hjarta, Hm. 122; kveykva sorg, Hðm. 1; ala sorg, Orkn. (in a verse); hug-sorg, mind’s grief; búk-sorg, worldly care: allit., sorg ok sút, Hm. 147; snótum öllum sorg at minni veri, Gh. 21; með sorg, Fms. ii. 223, passim: plur. cares, sorrows, lægja sorgir, Rm. 41; at sorgum, Fms. vi. (in a verse); segja sorgir, Am. 84; minar eru sorgirnar þungar sem blý, an old ditty, Sturl. iii. 317; sorgar-búnaðr, -búningr, a mourning dress, Barl. 20, Stj.: in old vernacular writings the only records of mourning are the phrase ‘to wear a black hood’ (falda blá) in Heiðarv. S. (in a verse), and the hanging the hall with black in the celebrated passage in Jómsvík S., see Sir Edmund Head’s ballad ‘The Death of old King Gorm;’ neither is black used for mourning in Icel., as it is the national colour.COMPDS: sorgbitinn, sorgeyrr, sorgafullr, sorgfullr, sorgalauss, sorglauss, sorgliga, sorgligr, sorgmóðr, sorgmæði, sorgsamligr, sorgarsamligr.
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