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81 ग्रामः _grāmḥ
ग्रामः [ग्रस्-मन् आदन्तादेशः]1 A village, hamlet; पत्तने विद्यमाने$पि ग्रामे रत्नपरीक्षा M.1; त्यजेदेकं कुलस्यार्थे ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत् । ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे स्वात्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत् ॥ H.1.129; R.1.44; Me.3.-2 A race, community; कथा ग्रामं न पृच्छसि Rv.1.146.1.-3 A multitude, collection (of any- thing); e. g. गुणग्राम, इन्द्रियग्राम; Bg.8.19;9.8. शस्त्रास्त्र- ग्रामकोविदः Bm.1.611,613.-4 A gamut, scale in music; स्फुटीभवद्ग्रामविशेषमूर्च्छनाम् Śi.1.1.-Comp. -अक्षपटलिकः a village archioist; Hch.7.23.-अधिकृतः, -अधिपः, -अधिपतिः, -अध्यक्षः, -ईशः, -ईश्वरः superintendent, head, chief of a village; ग्रामाधिपस्य तरुणीमहं भार्यां सदा भजे Ks.64.115; Ms.7.115.-अन्तः the border of a village, space near a village; Ms.4.116;11.78.-अन्तरम् an- other village.-अन्तिकम् the neighbourhood of a village.-अन्तीय a. situated in the neighbourhood of a village; Ms.8.24.-यम् space near a village.-आचारः a village custom.-आधानम् hunting.-उपाध्यायः the village priest.-कण्टकः 1 'the village-pest', one who is a source of trouble to the village.-2 a tale-bearer.-काम a.1 one wishing to take possession of a village.-2 fond of living in villages.-कायस्थ a village scribe.-कुक्कुटः a domestic cock; Ms.5.12,19.-कुमारः 1 one beautiful in a village.-2 a village-boy.-कूटः 1 the noblest man in a village.-2 a Śūdra.-गृह्य a. being outside a village.-गृह्यकः a village-carpenter.-गोदुहः the herdsman of a village.-घातः plundering a village; Ms.9.274.-घोषिन् a. sounding among men or armies (as a drum); प्रवेदकृद् बहुधा ग्रामघोषी Av. 5.2.9. -m. an epithet of Indra.-चर्या sexual inter- course; (स्त्रीसंभोग).-चैत्यः a sacred fig-tree of a village; नीडारम्भैर्गृहबलिभुजामाकुलग्रामचैत्याः Me.23.-ज, -जात a.1 village-born, rustic.-2 grown in cultivated ground; Ms.6.16.-जालम् a number of villages, a district.-णीः 1 the leader or chief of a village or community; तयोर्युद्धं समभवद्रक्षोग्रामणिमुख्ययोः Mb.7.19.3.-2 a leader or chief in general.-3 a barber.-4 an epithet of Viṣṇu.-5 a libidinous man.-6 a yakṣa; उन्नह्यन्ति रथं नागा ग्रामण्यो रथयोजकाः Mb.12.11.48. (-f.)1 a whore, harlot.-2 the indigo plant. ˚पुत्रः a bastard, the son of a harlot.-तक्षः a village-carpenter; P.V.4.95.-देवता the tutelary deity of a village.-द्रुमः a sacred tree in a village.-धर्मः 1 the observances or customs of a village.-2 sexual intercourse.-धान्यम् a cultivat- ed grain (like rice); ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः Mb.12.36.48. See ग्राम्यधान्यम्.-पालः 1 the guardian of a village.-2 army for the protection of a village.-पुरुषः the chief of a village.-प्रेष्यः the messenger or servant of a community or village.-मद्गुरिका 1 a riot, fray, village tumult.-2 N. of a fish (or a plant)-मुखम् a market.-मृगः a dog.-याजकः, -याजिन् m.1 'the village priest,' a priest who conducts the religious ceremonies for all classes and is consequently considered as a degraded Brāhmaṇa; Ms.4.25.-2 the attendant of an idol.-युद्धम् a riot, fray.-लुण्ठनम् plundering a village.-वासः (ग्रामेवासः also)1 a villager.-2 residence in a village.-विशेषः a variety of scales in music; स्फुटीभवद्ग्रामविशेषमूर्च्छना Śi.-वृद्धः an old villager; प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान् Me.3.-षण्डः an impotent man (क्लीब).-संकरः the common sewer or drain of a village.-संघः a village- corporation.-सिंहः a dog; व्यमुञ्चन्विविधा वाचो ग्रामसिंहास्त- तस्ततः Bhāg.3.17.1.-स्थः a.1 a villager.-2 a co- villager.-हासकः a sister's husband. -
82 такса
charge, fee(за пътуване) fareдопълнителна такса surchargeпристанищни такси harbour dues* * *та̀кса,ж., -и charge, fee; (за пътуване) fare; входна \таксаа door money; данъци и \таксаи tolls and charges; допълнителна \таксаа surcharge; митнически \таксаи customs dues, border tax; освободен от \таксаи free of charge, toll-free, tax free; предварителна \таксаа retaining fee; пристанищни \таксаи harbour dues, wharfage; училищна \таксаа tuition (fee).* * *charge ; due {dyu;}; fare (за пътуване); toll* * *1. (за пътуване) fare 2. charge, feе 3. допълнителна ТАКСА surcharge 4. пристанищни такси harbour dues 5. училищна ТАКСА tuition (fee) -
83 Danskr
a. Danish;dönsk tunga, the Danish (or old Scandinavian) language.* * *adj., Danir, pl. Danes; Dan-mörk, f. Denmark, i. e. the mark, march, or border of the Danes; Dana-veldi, n. the Danish empire; Dana-virki, n. the Danish wall, and many compds, vide Fms. xi. This adj. requires special notice, because of the phrase Dönsk tunga ( the Danish tongue), the earliest recorded name of the common Scandinavian tongue. It must be borne in mind that the ‘Danish’ of the old Saga times applies not to the nation, but to the empire. According to the researches of the late historian P.A. Munch, the ancient Danish empire, at least at times, extended over almost all the countries bordering on the Skagerac (Vík); hence a Dane became in Engl. synonymous with a Scandinavian; the language spoken by the Scandinavians was called Danish; and ‘Dönsk tunga’ is even used to denote Scandinavian extraction in the widest extent, vide Sighvat in Fms. iv. 73, Eg. ch. 51, Grág. ii. 71, 72. During the 11th and 12th centuries the name was much in use, but as the Danish hegemony in Scandinavia grew weaker, the name became obsolete, and Icel. writers of the 13th and 14th centuries began to use the name ‘Norræna,’ Norse tongue, from Norway their own mother country, and the nearest akin to Icel. in customs and idiom. ‘Swedish’ never occurs, because Icel. had little intercourse with that country, although the Scandinavian tongue was spoken there perhaps in a more antique form than in the sister countries. In the 15th century, when almost all connection with Scandinavia was broken off for nearly a century, the Norræna in its turn became an obsolete word, and was replaced by the present word ‘Icelandic,’ which kept its ground, because the language in the mean time underwent great changes on the Scandinavian continent. The Reformation, the translation of the Old and New Testaments into Icelandic (Oddr Gotskalksson, called the Wise, translated and published the N. T. in 1540, and bishop Gudbrand the whole Bible in 1584), a fresh growth of religious literature, hymns, sermons, and poetry (Hallgrímr Pétrsson, Jón Vídalín), the regeneration of the old literature in the 17th and 18th centuries (Brynjólfr Sveinsson, Arni Magnússon, Þormóðr Torfason),—all this put an end to the phrases Dönsk tunga and Norræna; and the last phrase is only used to denote obsolete grammatical forms or phrases, as opposed to the forms and phrases of the living language. The translators of the Bible often say ‘vort Íslenzkt mál,’ our Icelandic tongue, or ‘vort móður mál,’ our mother tongue; móður-málið mitt, Pass. 35. 9. The phrase ‘Dönsk tunga’ has given rise to a great many polemical antiquarian essays: the last and the best, by which this question may be regarded as settled, is that by Jon Sigurdsson in the preface to Lex. Poët.; cp. also that of Pál Vídalín in Skýr. s. v., also published in Latin at the end of the old Ed. of Gunnl. Saga, 1775. -
84 Grenzer
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85 PIDE
(Political Police)Commonly known as the PIDE, the Estado Novo's political police was established in 1932. The acronym of PIDE stood for Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado or International and State Defense State Police, the name it was known by from 1945 to 1969. From 1932 to 1945, it was known by a different acronym: PVDE or Polícia da Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado. After Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar was replaced in office by Marcello Caetano, the political police was renamed DGS, Direcção-Geral da Seguridade or Directorate General of Security.This force was the most infamous means of repression and a major source of fear among the opposition during the long history of the Estado Novo. While it was described as "secret police," nearly everyone knew of its existence, although its methods — in theory—were "secret." The PVDE/PIDE/DGS had functions much broader than purely the repression of any opposition to the regime. It combined the roles of a border police, customs inspectorate, immigration force, political police, and a regime vetting administration of credentials for government or even private sector jobs. Furthermore, this police had powers of arrest, pursued nonpolitical criminals, and administered its own prison system. From the 1950s on, the PIDE extended its operations to the empire and began to directly suppress oppositionists in various colonies in Africa and Asia.While this police became more notorious and known to the public after 1958-61, before that new outburst of antiregime activity, it was perhaps more effective in neutralizing or destroying oppositionist groups. It was especially effective in damaging the Communist Party of Portugal (PCP) in the 1930s and early 1940s. Yet, beginning with the unprecedented strikes and political activities of 194345, the real heyday had passed. During World War II, its top echelons were in the pay of both the Allies and Axis powers, although in later propaganda from the left, the PIDE's pro-Axis reputation was carefully groomed into a myth.As for its actual strength and resources, it seems clear that it employed several thousand officers and also had thousands of informants in the general population. Under new laws of 1945, this police force received the further power to institute 90-day detention without charge or trial and such a detention could easily be renewed. A who's-who of the political opposition emerges from those who spent years in PIDE prisons or were frequently arrested without charge. The PIDE remained numerous and well-funded into 1974, when the Revolution of 25 April 1974 overthrew the regime and abolished it. A major question remains: If this police knew much about the Armed Forces Movement coup conspiracy, why was it so ineffective in arresting known leaders and squashing the plot? -
86 прозрачный
прозрачный [prozrachnyi]transparent;прозрачная граница ( без пограничного и таможенного контроля) transparent border, for crossing which one needs neither documents, nor customs formalities
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87 бондовые товары
бондовые товары
Товары, удерживаемые на границе и хранящиеся на таможенном или другом специальном складе в качестве залога до оплаты пошлины
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]EN
bonded goods
Goods held at the border at a customs or other special warehouse as a guarantee until tariff is paid
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2070]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > бондовые товары
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88 инициатива по обеспечению безопасности контейнерных перевозок
инициатива по обеспечению безопасности контейнерных перевозок
Программа правительства Соединенных Штатов Америки, вступила в действие в январе 2002 г. По инициативе Бюро США по таможенным вопросам и охране границ при Департаменте внутренней безопасности. Целью данной программы является улучшение безопасности контейнеров, перевозимых в США в рамках грузовых перевозок
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]EN
container security initiative (csi)
The container security initiative (csi) was launched in 2002 by the U.S. bureau of customs and border protection (cbp), an agency of the department of homeland security. Its purpose was to increase security for container cargo shipped to the United States
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2186]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инициатива по обеспечению безопасности контейнерных перевозок
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