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1 National Association of Farriers, Blacksmiths and Engineers
Veterinary medicine: NAFBEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > National Association of Farriers, Blacksmiths and Engineers
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2 United Blacksmiths of Britannia
Trade unions: UBBУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > United Blacksmiths of Britannia
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3 к спеху
см. тж. не к спехуОколо четверти часа с лишком провозился он с кузнецами, покамест сладил, потому что кузнецы, как водится, были отъявленные подлецы и, смекнув, что работа нужна к спеху, заломили ровно вшестеро. (Н. Гоголь, Мёртвые души) — For more than a quarter of an hour did he fuss and bother with the blacksmiths until he came to terms with them, inasmuch as the blacksmiths were, as usual, out-and-out knaves and having surmised that the work was urgently needed had jacked up their price exactly sixfold.
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4 кузница
2) Naval: forge shop3) Engineering: blacksmith's shop, blacksmiths shop, forge forging, hammer press shop4) Agriculture: farriery5) Construction: smith's shop6) Railway term: smith shop7) Automobile industry: hammer mill8) Architecture: marten9) Metallurgy: stithy10) Oil: blacksmith shop11) Cartography: blacksmithy12) Mechanic engineering: forging shop13) Makarov: backsmith's shop -
5 С-509
HE К СПЁХУ coll PrepP Invar used without negation to convey the opposite meaning)1. ( subj-compl with copula ( subj: дело, работа etc) or advsome matter (job etc) is not pressing, need not be taken care of immediatelyX не к спеху -X isn't urgentX can (will) wait there's no hurry (rush)X к спеху - X is needed (wanted) in a hurry(as advurgently."Я своих гусар не могу жертвовать. Трубач! Играй отступление!» Но дело становилось к спеху. Канонада и стрельба, сливаясь, гремели справа и в центре... (Толстой 4). "I cannot sacrifice my hussars. Bugler! Sound the retreat!" But matters were becoming urgent. The mingled sound of cannon and musketry thundered on the right and in the center... (4a)....Кузнецы, как водится, были отъявленные подлецы и, смекнув, что работа нужна к спеху, заломили ровно вшестеро (Гоголь 3)....(The blacksmiths) were plain blackguards, as usual, and realizing that the work was needed in a hurry, charged him six times the regular price (3c).2. кому \С-509 ( impers predic with бытье) s.o. is not rushing, is not pressed for time: X-y не к спеху = X is in no hurry (rush)there's no hurry (rush) X can wait.(Аристарх:) Если вы, извиняюсь, здесь что-нибудь делали, ради Бога, пожалуйста, продолжайте. (Семён:) Ничего-с. Мне не к спеху (Эрдман 1). (A.:) If you, I beg your pardon, were doing something, by all means continue, please do. (S.:) Oh, that's all right. I'm in no hurry (1a).«Извините, - сказал он парикмахеру. - Как-нибудь в другой раз... Не к спеху... В другой раз...» (Айтматов 2). "Forgive us," he said to the hairdresser, "it'll have to be some other time....There's no hurry. Another time will do" (2a). -
6 Х-2
ВЫДЕРЖИВАТЬ/ВЫДЕРЖАТЬ ХАРАКТЕР coll VP subj: human to adhere firmly and resolutely to a decision, displaying strength of character (or, occas., stubbornness)X выдержал характер - X stood (held) firmX hung tough X didn't (wouldn't) give in (budge, back down) X maintained his stand X held out X stuck it outNeg X не выдержал характера = X gave (caved) inX gave way (folded, buckled).Как он ни горячился, называл их мошенниками, разбойниками, грабителями проезжающих, намекнул даже на страшный суд, но кузнецов ничем не пронял они совершенно выдержали характер: не только не отступились от цены, но даже провозились за работой вместо двух часов целых пять с половиною (Гоголь 3). However much he fumed, calling them scoundrels, brigands, robbers who fleeced travellers, and even hinting at the Day of Judgement, he made no impression whatever on the blacksmiths: they stood firm and not only stuck to their original price, but took five and a half hours over their work instead of two (3a).После часто мне надо было выдерживать увещания отца, который говорил, что необходимо кюльтивировать это знакомство и что я не могу требовать, чтоб человек в таком положении, как Ивин, занимался мальчишкой, как я но я выдержал характер довольно долго (Толстой 2). Afterwards I frequently had to endure the exhortations of my father, who said that it was essential to cultiver this acquaintance and that I could not demand of a man in Ivin's position that he bother himself about a mere boy like myself, but I maintained my stand for quite a long time (2b). -
7 не к спеху
• НЕ К СПЕХУ coll[PrepP; Invar; used without negation to convey the opposite meaning]=====1. [subj-compl with copula (subj: дело, работа etc) or adv]⇒ some matter (job etc) is not pressing, need not be taken care of immediately:- X can < will> wait;- there's no hurry < rush>;- [as adv] urgently.♦ "Я своих гусар не могу жертвовать. Трубач! Играй отступление!" Но дело становилось к спеху. Канонада и стрельба, сливаясь, гремели справа и в центре... (Толстой 4). "I cannot sacrifice my hussars. Bugler! Sound the retreat!" But matters were becoming urgent. The mingled sound of cannon and musketry thundered on the right and in the center... (4a).♦...Кузнецы, как водится, были отъявленные подлецы и, смекнув, что работа нужна к спеху, заломили ровно вшестеро (Гоголь 3)....[The blacksmiths] were plain blackguards, as usual, and realizing that the work was needed in a hurry, charged him six times the regular price (3c).⇒ s.o. is not rushing, is not pressed for time:- X can wait.♦ [Аристарх:] Если вы, извиняюсь, здесь что-нибудь делали, ради Бога, пожалуйста, продолжайте. [Семён:] Ничего-с. Мне не к спеху (Эрдман 1). [A.:] If you, I beg your pardon, were doing something, by all means continue, please do. [S.:] Oh, that's all right. I'm in no hurry (1a).♦ "Извините, - сказал он парикмахеру. - Как-нибудь в другой раз... Не к спеху... В другой раз..." (Айтматов 2). "Forgive us," he said to the hairdresser, "it'll have to be some other time....There's no hurry. Another time will do" (2a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не к спеху
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8 выдержать характер
• ВЫДЕРЖИВАТЬ/ВЫДЕРЖАТЬ ХАРАКТЕР coll[VP; subj: human]=====⇒ to adhere firmly and resolutely to a decision, displaying strength of character (or, occas., stubbornness):- X hung tough;- X didn't (wouldn't) give in (budge, back down);- X held out;- X gave way (folded, buckled).♦ Как он ни горячился, называл их мошенниками, разбойниками, грабителями проезжающих, намекнул даже на страшный суд, но кузнецов ничем не пронял; они совершенно выдержали характер: не только не отступились от цены, но даже провозились за работой вместо двух часов целых пять с половиною (Гоголь 3). However much he fumed, calling them scoundrels, brigands, robbers who fleeced travellers, and even hinting at the Day of Judgement, he made no impression whatever on the blacksmiths: they stood firm and not only stuck to their original price, but took five and a half hours over their work instead of two (3a).♦ После часто мне надо было выдерживать увещания отца, который говорил, что необходимо кюльтивировать это знакомство и что я не могу требовать, чтоб человек в таком положении, как Ивин, занимался мальчишкой, как я; но я выдержал характер довольно долго (Толстой 2). Afterwards I frequently had to endure the exhortations of my father, who said that it was essential to cultiver this acquaintance and that I could not demand of a man in Ivin's position that he bother himself about a mere boy like myself; but I maintained my stand for quite a long time (2b).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > выдержать характер
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9 выдерживать характер
• ВЫДЕРЖИВАТЬ/ВЫДЕРЖАТЬ ХАРАКТЕР coll[VP; subj: human]=====⇒ to adhere firmly and resolutely to a decision, displaying strength of character (or, occas., stubbornness):- X hung tough;- X didn't (wouldn't) give in (budge, back down);- X held out;- X gave way (folded, buckled).♦ Как он ни горячился, называл их мошенниками, разбойниками, грабителями проезжающих, намекнул даже на страшный суд, но кузнецов ничем не пронял; они совершенно выдержали характер: не только не отступились от цены, но даже провозились за работой вместо двух часов целых пять с половиною (Гоголь 3). However much he fumed, calling them scoundrels, brigands, robbers who fleeced travellers, and even hinting at the Day of Judgement, he made no impression whatever on the blacksmiths: they stood firm and not only stuck to their original price, but took five and a half hours over their work instead of two (3a).♦ После часто мне надо было выдерживать увещания отца, который говорил, что необходимо кюльтивировать это знакомство и что я не могу требовать, чтоб человек в таком положении, как Ивин, занимался мальчишкой, как я; но я выдержал характер довольно долго (Толстой 2). Afterwards I frequently had to endure the exhortations of my father, who said that it was essential to cultiver this acquaintance and that I could not demand of a man in Ivin's position that he bother himself about a mere boy like myself; but I maintained my stand for quite a long time (2b).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > выдерживать характер
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10 mbini
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mbini[Swahili Plural] wabini[English Word] blacksmith[English Plural] blacksmiths[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Word] bini V------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mbini[Swahili Plural] wabini[English Word] counterfeiter[English Plural] counterfeiters[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Word] bini V------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mbini[Swahili Plural] wabini[English Word] forger[English Plural] forgers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------ -
11 mfuachuma
[Swahili Word] mfuachuma[Swahili Plural] wafuachuma[English Word] blacksmith[English Plural] blacksmiths[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------ -
12 mhunzi
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mhunzi[Swahili Plural] wahunzi[English Word] blacksmith[English Plural] blacksmiths[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mhunzi[Swahili Plural] wahunzi[English Word] metalworker[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mhunzi[Swahili Plural] wahunzi[English Word] stoneworker[English Plural] stoneworkers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------ -
13 инструмент
instrument, work tool, tool* * *инструме́нт м.1. ( единичное орудие труда) tool; ( собирательно) tools, toolingзата́чивать (ре́жущий) инструме́нт — grind [sharpen] a (cutting) tool2. (медицинский, музыкальный, научный) instrumentабрази́вный инструме́нт — abrasive tool(s)пра́вить абрази́вный инструме́нт — true an abrasive toolабрази́вный, ги́бкий инструме́нт — coated abrasiveалма́зный инструме́нт — diamond toolастрономи́ческий инструме́нт — astronomical instrumentастрофизи́ческий инструме́нт — astrophysical instrumentбезопа́сный инструме́нт (не дающий искру при ударе, немагнитный, некорродирующий) — safety tool(s)бурово́й инструме́нт — boring [drilling] tool(s)вырубно́й инструме́нт — blanking tool(s)высотоме́рный инструме́нт — height-measuring device, height-finding instrumentгеодези́ческий инструме́нт — geodetic instrumentгеодези́ческий, высокото́чный инструме́нт — first-order geodetic instrumentги́бочный инструме́нт — bending tool(s)горново́й инструме́нт — forge tool(s)гравирова́льный инструме́нт — etching device, (en)graverдавя́щий инструме́нт маш. — spinning toolдели́тельный инструме́нт — indexing headдеревообраба́тывающий инструме́нт — wood-working tool(s)инструме́нт для ампути́рования ( в ветеринарии) — ablatorинструме́нт для гла́жения кож. — ironing toolинструме́нт для горя́чего клейме́ния кож. — heated toolинструме́нт для мездре́ния кож. — scoopинструме́нт для монтажа́ цепи́ авто — chain toolинструме́нт для отде́лки ко́жи — currier's toolинструме́нт для пра́вки шлифова́льных круго́в — truing tool, wheel dresser, truing crusherинструме́нт для раска́тки труб — tube expanderдово́дочный инструме́нт — lapping [finishing] tool(s)дыропробивно́й инструме́нт — punchзажи́мный инструме́нт — clamping [gripping] tool(s)зуборе́зный инструме́нт — gear cutting tool(s)контро́льный инструме́нт — inspection tool(s)концево́й инструме́нт — point toolкузне́чный инструме́нт — blacksmiths [forging] tool(s)лови́льный инструме́нт1. стр. grab iron2. геол. fishing toolмеридиа́нный инструме́нт — meridian [transit] instrument, transitмери́тельный инструме́нт — measuring tool(s)мери́тельный, этало́нный инструме́нт — master measuring toolметаллокерами́ческий инструме́нт — cermet(-tipped) tool(s)металлоре́жущий инструме́нт — metal-cutting tool(s)механизи́рованный инструме́нт — power tool(s)монта́жный инструме́нт — erection tool(s), installation (kit of) toolsобраба́тывающий инструме́нт — machining tool(s)окола́чивающий инструме́нт кож. — beating toolопрессо́вочный инструме́нт ( для беспаечного соединения проводов) — compression toolотде́лочный инструме́нт — finishing tool(s)пасса́жный инструме́нт — meridian [transit] instrument, transitпасса́жный, горизонта́льный инструме́нт — horizontal meridian [transit] instrumentпасса́жный, интерференцио́нный инструме́нт — interference meridian [transit] instrumentпасса́жный инструме́нт с ло́маной трубо́й — bent [prismatic] transit instrument, bent [broken-telescope] transitпереплё́тный инструме́нт — book-binding toolпечно́й инструме́нт — furnace tool(s)пневмати́ческий инструме́нт — pneumatic [air-operated] tool(s)по́довый инструме́нт — bottom toolполирова́льный инструме́нт — polishing toolпородоразруша́ющий инструме́нт ( непосредственно разрушает породу при бурении скважин) — drill bits and diamond tool(s)прецизио́нный инструме́нт — precision instrumentпутево́й инструме́нт — track instrumentрадиоастрономи́ческий инструме́нт — radioastronomical instrumentразме́точный инструме́нт — marking tool(s)ре́жущий инструме́нт — cutting tool(s)оснаща́ть ре́жущий инструме́нт твердоспла́вной пласти́нкой — carbide-tip a toolре́жущий, многоле́звийный инструме́нт — multipoint [multiedged] (cutting) toolре́жущий, одноле́звийный инструме́нт — single-point [single-edged] (cutting) toolре́жущий, самоустана́вливающийся инструме́нт — self-aligning (cutting) toolрезьбонака́тный инструме́нт — thread-rolling toolрезьбонарезно́й инструме́нт — thread-cutting toolручно́й инструме́нт — hand tool(s)слеса́рный инструме́нт — bench (work) tool(s)со́лнечный инструме́нт — solar instrumentсъё́мочный инструме́нт геод. — surveying instrumentтвердоспла́вный инструме́нт — cemented-carbide [hard-carbide] (tipped) tool(s)технологи́ческий инструме́нт ( для бурения скважины) — drill string, drilling supplyтока́рный инструме́нт — lathe [turning] tool(s)то́чный инструме́нт — precision tool(s)угломе́рный инструме́нт — angular [azimuth] instrument, azimuth-indicating device, angle gauge, subtense instrument, anglemeterуда́рный инструме́нт — impact [percussive] toolуниверса́льный инструме́нт — universal [multipurpose] tool(s)формо́вочный инструме́нт — moulder tool(s)чертё́жный инструме́нт — draftsman's [draughtsman's] instrumentшлифова́льный инструме́нт — polishing tool(s)шаржи́ровать шлифова́льный инструме́нт — charge a polishing toolшта́тный инструме́нт — authorized [issue] toolsшурова́льный инструме́нт — firing toolэксплуатацио́нный инструме́нт — maintenance toolsэлектрифици́рованный инструме́нт — electric hand tools -
14 avain
yks.nom. avain; yks.gen. avaimen; yks.part. avainta; yks.ill. avaimeen; mon.gen. avaimien avainten; mon.part. avaimia; mon.ill. avaimiinkey (noun)latchkey (noun)to (noun)* * *• blacksmiths daughter• clef• key• latchkey• opener -
15 faber
1.făber, bri ( gen. plur. most freq. fabrum; cf.:I.jam ut censoriae tabulae loquuntur, fabrum et procum audeo dicere, non fabrorum et procorum,
Cic. Or. 46, 156: fabrum, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C, 2; Caes. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Plin. 34, 1, 1, § 1 al.:fabrorum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 54; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147; Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 182 al.), m. [Sanscr. root bha-, gleam, shine; Gr. phêmi, say, phainô, show; cf. for], a worker in wood, stone, metal, etc., a forger, smith, artificer, carpenter, joiner (syn.: artifex, opifex, operarius), tektôn.Prop.A.With adj. of material, etc., specifying the trade:B.tamen ego me Phidiam esse mallem, quam vel optimum fabrum tignarium,
carpenter, Cic. Brut. 73, 257; so,tignarius,
id. Rep. 2, 22; Inscr. Orell. 4087; cf.:fabros tignarios dicimus non eos duntaxat, qui tigna dolant, sed omnes, qui aedificant,
Dig. 50, 16, 235:ut fortunati sunt fabri ferrarii, Qui apud carbones assident!
blacksmiths, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 47:fabrum aerariorum conlegium,
copper-smiths, braziers, Plin. 34, 1, 1, § 1; cf.:marmoris aut eboris fabros aut aeris amavit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 96:‡ eburarius, Inscr. ap. Spon. Misc. p. 222: ‡ intestinarius,
one who does the fine carved work in wood for the interior of a building, a joiner, Inscr. Orell. 4182:‡ a Corinthiis,
ib. 4181:‡ oculariarius,
one who made silver eyes for statues, ib. 4185.—In gen.:2.ut arcessatur faber, ut istas compedis tibi adimam,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 29:cogito, utrum me dicam medicum ducere an fabrum,
id. Men. 5, 3, 11:hominem pro fabro aut pro tectore emere,
Cic. Planc. 25, 62:fabri ad aedificandam rem publicam,
work-people, workmen, laborers, id. Fam. 9, 2, 5; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:ex legionibus fabros delegit,
the workmen belonging to the army, Caes. B. G. 5, 11, 3;whose overseer was called praefectus fabrūm,
id. B. C. 1, 24, 4:His fabris crescunt patrimonia,
i. e. these smiths know how to add to their patrimonies, Juv. 14, 116:faber volans, i. e. Icarus,
id. 1, 54.— Prov.: faber est quisque fortunae suae, every man is the maker of his own fortune, Appius ap. Sall. de Republ. Ordin. 1.făber, bra, brum, adj. [1. faber], workmanlike, skilful, ingenious ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):3.ars,
Ov. M. 8, 159; id. F. 3, 383:levitas speculi,
App. Mag. p. 282. — Sup.:signaculum faberrimum anuli aurei,
App. Flor. p. 346.— Adv.: fā̆bre, in a workmanlike manner, skilfully, ingeniously:hoc factum est fabre,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 23; cf. id. Stich. 4, 1, 64:teres trabs,
Sil. 14, 320; Vulg. Exod. 35, 33:sigillatum vitrum,
App. M. 2, p. 123 (cf. fabrefacio).— Sup.:facta navis,
App. M. 11, p. 262 al.:aptare,
Amm. 20, 11. -
16 ferrarius
1. I.Prop.:II.fabri,
blacksmiths, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 47:NEGOTIATOR,
an iron-monger, Inscr. Grut. 640, 2 and 4: metalla, iron-mines, [p. 740] Plin. 35, 6, 15, § 35:officina,
a smith's shop, smithy, id. 35, 15, 51, § 182:aqua,
for quenching the red-hot iron, id. 28, 16, 63, § 226:faber,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 13, 19.—Subst.A.ferrārĭus, ii, m., a blacksmith, a smith, Sen. Ep. 56, 4; Pall. 1, 6, 2; Firm. Math. 4, 7 med.; Inscr. Orell. 4066.—B.ferrārĭa, ae, f.1.An iron-mine, iron-works: sunt in his regionibus ferrariae, argenti fodinae pulcherrimae, Cato ap. Gell. 2, 22, 29; Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 2; Liv. 34, 21, 7; Inscr. Orell. 1239.—2.(Sc. herba.) The plant vervain, App. Herb. 65 and 72.2.ferrārĭus, ii, m., v. 1. ferrarius, II. A. -
17 მჭედელები
nblacksmiths -
18 Deere, John
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 7 February 1804 Rutland, Vermont, USAd. 17 May 1886 USA[br]American inventor and manufacturer of agricultural equipment.[br]John Deere was the son of a tailor, and first worked as a tanner before becoming apprenticed to a blacksmith. He married Demarius Lamb in 1827, but it appears that competition for blacksmiths was fierce, and the Deere family moved frequently. Two attempts to establish forges ended in fires, and changing partnerships and arguments over debts were to be a feature of Deere's working life. In 1836 John Deere moved west on his own, in an attempt to establish himself. He settled in Grand Detour, Illinois. In this new frontier a blacksmith's skills were sought after, and the blacksmith, with no ready supply of raw materials, had to be able to operate both a furnace for melting metal and a forge for working it. Deere was sufficiently successful for his family to be able to join him. A chance visit to a sawmill and the acquisition of a broken saw blade led to the making of a plough that was to establish John Deere in manufacturing. There were two distinctive features associated with the plough: the soil in the area failed to stick to the steel blade, with obvious benefits to the draught of the implement; and second, the shape of the working mouldboard was square. The reputation that developed with his first three ploughs established that Deere had made the transition from blacksmith to manufacturer.Over the next decade he had a number of partnerships and eventually set up a factory in Moline, Illinois, in 1848. The following year he sold 2,136 ploughs, and by early 1850 he was producing 350 ploughs per month. Deere was devastated by the loss of his eldest son in the year that the company moved to Moline. However, his second son, Charles, joined him in 1851 and was to be a major influence on the way in which the company developed over the next half-century. The company branched out into the production of cultivators, harrows, drills and wagons. John Deere himself played an active part in the company, but also played an increasing role in public life, with a particular interest in education. The company was incorporated in 1868.[br]Further ReadingThe following both provide biographical details of John Deere, but are mainly concerned with the company and the equipment it produced: W.G.Broehl, 1984, John Deere's Company: A History of Deere and Company and itsTimes, American Society of Agricultural Engineers.D.Macmillan, 1988, John Deere Tractors and Equipment, American Society of Agricultural Engineers.AP -
19 Temple, Lewis
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 1800 Richmond, Virginia, USAd. 1854 New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA[br]African-American inventor of the toggle harpoon for whaling.[br]An African-American blacksmith, he emigrated as a young man to New Bedford, Massachusetts, and set up a shop at Coffin's Wharf that was devoted to whalecraft. In 1845 he was able to establish a blacksmith's shop at Walnut Street Wharf. There, in 1848, Temple introduced his toggle harpoon. This was found to be more effective than the barb attached to a rope used up until then, and was rapidly taken up by the whaling industry. As Temple did not patent his device, many other blacksmiths were able to make it and he gained little financial return from his invention. Injuries sustained in an accident in 1853 undermined his health and he died the following year.[br]Further ReadingP.P.James, 1989, The Real McCoy: AfricanAmerican Invention and Innovation 1629– 1930, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 35–7.LRD -
20 Tompion, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]baptized 25 July 1639 Ickwell Green, Englandd. 20 November 1713 London, England[br]English clock-and watchmaker of great skill and ingenuity who laid the foundations of his country's pre-eminence in that field.[br]Little is known about Tompion's early life except that he was born into a family of blacksmiths. When he was admitted into the Clockmakers' Company in 1671 he was described as a "Great Clockmaker", which meant a maker of turret clocks, and as these clocks were made of wrought iron they would have required blacksmithing skills. Despite this background, he also rapidly established his reputation as a watchmaker. In 1674 he moved to premises in Water Lane at the sign of "The Dial and Three Crowns", where his business prospered and he remained for the rest of his life. Assisted by journeymen and up to eleven apprentices at any one time, the output from his workshop was prodigious, amounting to over 5,000 watches and 600 clocks. In his lifetime he was famous for his watches, as these figures suggest, but although they are of high quality they do not differ markedly from those produced by other London watchmakers of that period. He is now known more for the limited number of elaborate clocks that he produced, such as the equation clock and the spring-driven clock of a year's duration, which he made for William III. Around 1711 he took into partnership his nephew by marriage, George Graham, who carried on the business after his death.Although Tompion does not seem to have been particularly innovative, he lived at a time when great advances were being made in horology, which his consummate skill as a craftsman enabled him to exploit. In this he was greatly assisted by his association with Robert Hooke, for whom Tompion constructed a watch with a balance spring in 1675; at that time Hooke was trying to establish his priority over Huygens for this invention. Although this particular watch was not successful, it made Tompion aware of the potential of the balance spring and he became the first person in England to apply Huygens's spiral spring to the balance of a watch. Although Thuret had constructed such a watch somewhat earlier in France, the superior quality of Tompion's wheel work, assisted by Hooke's wheel-cutting engine, enabled him to dominate the market. The anchor escapement (which reduced the amplitude of the pendulum's swing) was first applied to clocks around this time and produced further improvements in accuracy which Tompion and other makers were able to utilize. However, the anchor escapement, like the verge escapement, produced recoil (the clock was momentarily driven in reverse). Tompion was involved in attempts to overcome this defect with the introduction of the dead-beat escapement for clocks and the horizontal escapement for watches. Neither was successful, but they were both perfected later by George Graham.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMaster of the Clockmakers' Company 1703.Bibliography1695, with William Houghton and Edward Barlow, British patent no. 344 (for a horizontal escapement).Further ReadingR.W.Symonds, 1951, Thomas Tompion, His Life and Work, London (a comprehensive but now slightly dated account).H.W.Robinson and W.Adams (eds), 1935, The Diary of Robert Hooke (contains many references to Tompion).D.Howse, 1970, The Tompion clocks at Greenwich and the dead-beat escapement', Antiquarian Horology 7:18–34, 114–33.DV
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