blý

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n. lead (søkkva sem blý).

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n. [Germ. blei; O. H. G. pli; Lat. plumbum], lead; sökkva sem b., Blas. 49, Dipl. v. 18.

COMPDS: blýband, blýkleppr, blýligr, blýskeyti, blýsteyptr, blýstika, blýstokkr, blýbungr.

n. a leaden band, Fms. x. 172.

adj. heavy as lead.

m. a plummet, Rb. 472.

adj. leaden, 732. II.

n. a leaden missile, Stj. 74, Pr. 401.

part. cast in lead, Sks. 392.

u, f. a leaden candlestick, Vm. 38.

m. a leaden box, Sd. 191.

þakði, to thatch, i. e. roof, with lead, Bs. i. 235.

( see þekja), v. to roof with lead.

m. leaden weight.

mod. dans, n. a word of for. origin; [cp. mid. Lat. dansare; Fr. danser; Ital. danzare; Engl. dance; Germ. tanz, tanzen.] This word is certainly not Teutonic, but of Roman or perhaps Breton origin: the Icel. or Scandin. have no genuine word for dancing,—leika means ‘to play’ in general: the word itself (danza, danz, etc.) never occurs in the old Sagas or poetry, though popular amusements of every kind are described there; but about the end of the 11th century, when the Sagas of the bishops (Bs.) begin, we find dance in full use, accompanied by songs which are described as loose and amorous: the classical passage is Jóns S. (A. D. 1106–1121), ch. 13. Bs. i. 165, 166, and cp. Júns S. by Gunnlaug, ch. 24. Bs. i. 237—Leikr sá var kær mönnum áðr en hinn heilagi Jón varð biskup, at kveða skyldi karlmaðr til konu í danz blautlig kvæði ok rægilig; ok kona til karlmanns mansöngs vísur; þenna leik lét hann af taka ok bannaði styrkliga; mansöngs kvæði vildi hann eigi heyra né kveða láta, en þó fékk hann því eigi af komið með öllu. Some have thought that this refers to mythical (Eddic) poetry, but without reason and against the literal sense of the passage; the heathen heroic poems were certainly never used to accompany a dance; their flow and metre are a sufficient proof of that. In the Sturl. (Hist. of the 12th and 13th century) dancing is mentioned over and over again; and danz is used of popular ballads or songs of a satirical character (as those in Percy’s ballads): flimt ( loose song) and danz are synonymous words; the Sturl. has by chance preserved two ditties (one of A. D. 1221, running thus—Loptr liggr í Eyjum, bítr lunda bein | Sæmundr er á heiðum, etr berin ein. Sturl. ii. 62, and one referring to the year 1264—Mínar eru sorgirnar þungar sem blý, Sturl. iii. 317) sufficient to shew the flow and metre, which are exactly the same as those of the mod. ballads, collected in the west of Icel. (Ögr) in the 17th century under the name of Fornkvæði, Old Songs, and now edited by Jon Sigurdsson and Svend Grundtvig. Danz and Fornkvæði are both of the same kind, and also identical with Engl. ballads, Dan. kæmpeviser. There are passages in Sturl. and B.S. referring to this subject — færðu Breiðbælingar Lopt í flimtun ok görðu um hann danza marga, ok margskonar spott annat, Sturl. ii. 57, cp. 62; Danza-Bergr, the nickname of a man (Stud, ii), prob. for composing comic songs; danza-görð, composing comic songs; fylgðar-menn Kolbeins fóru með danza-görð, … en er Brandr varð varr við flimtan þeirra, iii. 80; þá hrökti Þórðr hestinn undir sér, ok kvað danz þenna við raust, 317.

β. a wake, Arna S. ch. 2; in Sturl. i. 23; at the banquet in Reykhólar, 1119, the guests amused themselves by dancing, wrestling, and story-telling; þá var sleginn danz í stofu, ii. 117; í Viðvík var gleði mikil ok gott at vera; þat var einn Drottins dag at þar var danz mikill; kom þar til fjöldi manna; ok ríðr hann í Viðvík til danz, ok var þar at leik; ok dáðu menn mjök danz hans, iii. 258, 259; honum var kostr á boðinn hvat til gamans skyldi hafa, sögur eða danz um kveldit, 281;—the last reference refers to the 21st of January, 1258, which fell on a Sunday (or wake-day): in ballads and tales of the Middle Ages the word is freq.:—note the allit. phrase, dansinn dunar, Ísl. Þóðs. ii. 8: the phrases, stiga danz; ganga í danz; brúðir í danz, dansinn heyra; dans vill hun heyra, Fkv. ii. 7. Many of the burdens to the mod. Icel. ballads are of great beauty, and no doubt many centuries older than the ballads to which they are affixed; they refer to lost love, melancholy, merriment, etc., e. g. Blítt lætur veröldin, fölnar fögr fold | langt er síðan mitt var yndið lagt í mold, i. 74; Út ert þú við æginn blá, eg er hér á Dröngum, | kalla eg löngum, kalla eg til þin löngum; Skín á skildi Sól og sumarið fríða, | dynur í velli er drengir í burtu riða, 110; Ungan leit eg hofmann í fögrum runni, | skal eg í hljóði dilla þeim mér unm; Austan blakar laufið á þann linda, 129; Fagrar heyrða eg raddirnar við Niflunga heim; Fagrt syngr svanrinn um sumarlanga tíð, | þá mun list að leika sér mín liljan fríð, ii. 52: Einum unna eg manninum, á meðan það var, | þó hlaut eg minn harm að bera í leyndum stað, 94; Svanrinn víða. svanurinn syngr viða, 22; Utan eptir firðinum, sigla fagrar fleyr | sá er enginn glaður eptir annan þreyr, 110; Svo er mér illt og angrsamt því veldur þú, | mig langar ekki í lundinn með þá jungfrú, Espol. Ann. 1549. The earliest ballads seem to have been devoted to these subjects only; of the two earliest specimens quoted in the Sturl. (above), one is satirical, the other melancholy; the historical ballads seem to be of later growth: the bishops discountenanced the wakes and dancing (Bs. l. c., Sturl. iii), but in vain: and no more telling proof can be given of the drooping spirits of Icel. in the last century, than that dancing and wakes ceased, after having been a popular amusement for seven hundred years. Eggert Olafsson in his poems still speaks of wakes, as an eyewitness; in the west of Icel. (Vestfirðir) they lasted longer, but even there they died out about the time that Percy’s ballads were published in England. The Fornkvæði or songs are the only Icel. poetry which often dispenses with the law of alliteration, which in other cases is the light and life of Icel. poetry; vide also hofmaðr, viki-vakar, etc. In the 15th century the rímur (metrical paraphrases of romances) were used as an accompaniment to the danz, höldar danza harla snart, ef heyrist vísan mín; hence originates the name man-söngr ( maid-song), minne-sang, which forms the introduction to every ríma or rhapsody; the metre and time of the rímur are exactly those of ballads and well suited for dancing. An Icel. MS. of the 17th century, containing about seventy Icel. Fornkvæði, is in the Brit. Mus. no. 11,177; and another MS., containing about twenty such songs, is in the Bodl. Libr. no. 130.

m. plummet, lump.

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m. [cp. Dan. klippa = a rock; Germ. klumpen; A. S. clympre]:—a plummet, lump, Bs. i. 806 (of a comet’s tail), Konr. 31; blý-kleppr, q. v.

II. a local name in Icel.

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f. knob, boss, ball.

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u, f. [Germ. kugel, whence mod. Dan. kugle], a ball, knob; tjald-kúla, blý-kúla: the phrases, göra nú at þeim kúlur á hermanna hátt, Bs. i. 519; marka kúlur í höfði e-m, to make balls in one’s head, i. e. to beat soundly, Band. 13 new Ed., prob. from some game; gor-kúla, a kind of fungus: medic. a hump.

COMPDS: kúlubakr, kúlunefr.

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(mín, mitt), pron. my, mine.

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f., mín, n., mitt, poss. pron.:—in the possessive pronouns minn, þinn, sinn (meus, tuus, suus), mod. usage pronounces i long (í) before one consonant, but short (i) before a double consonant, and accordingly all modern editions of old writers make a distinction in the root vowel, thus, minn, minnar, minni, minna, but mín, mínir, mínar, mínum; whereas the ancients pronounced í throughout, as is seen from Thorodd, who distinguishes between the short i in minna ( memorare) and the long í in mínna (meorum), Skálda 163; and still more clearly from rhymes, mítt and hvíti, Bjarn. 63; m ínn ( meum) and sína, Arnór (Orkn. 104); m ítt, f rítt, and m ítt, sítt, Völs. R. 136, 137. As late as the 14th century, in the corrections by the second hand of the Flatey-book, mijtt = mítt; the older vellums do not distinguish between i and í; cp. also the cognate languages: [Goth. meins; A. S. and O. H. G. mîn; Engl. mine; Germ. mein; Dan. mîn.]

B. Mine and my = Lat. meus, in countless instances: the possessive pronoun is usually put after the noun, bróðir minn, faðir minn; for the sake of emphasis only can it stand before, minn hamar, Þkv. 3; minn dróttinn, Skm. 3; minn Sigurðr, Gkv. 1. 18; míns málvinar, 20; mínu bölvi, id.; mínir bræðr, 2. 3; minn herra, Fms. vii. 197; mínar eru sorgirnar þungar sem blý, Sturl. (in a verse): in eccl. writers, perhaps influenced by Luther’s Bible, this use has increased, and is freq. in the N. T., Pass., Vídal.; in popular speech, however, the old usage still holds good, (cp. Engl. mother mine, etc.)

2. in addressing, my dear! Jón minn! Sigríðr mín! móðir mín! barnið mitt! etc.

II. as neut. subst. mitt; [Gr. το ἐμόν; Lat. meum]:—mine, my part; skal ek ekki mitt til spara, mine, all I have, Nj. 3; malit hefi ek mitt, I have done my share, Gs. 16.

III. ellipt. usage; eru slíkar mínar, such are mine (viz. affairs), Ísl. ii. 245.

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(pl. -ir), f. sorrow (s. etr hjarta); lægja sorgir, to allay sorrows.

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f. [Ulf. saurga = μέριμνα, λύπη; A. S. and Dan. sorg; Engl. sorrow; Germ. sorge]:—sorrow, care, bereavement; the original sense is care (harmr being ‘sorrow’); sorg etr hjarta, Hm. 122; kveykva sorg, Hðm. 1; ala sorg, Orkn. (in a verse); hug-sorg, mind’s grief; búk-sorg, worldly care: allit., sorg ok sút, Hm. 147; snótum öllum sorg at minni veri, Gh. 21; með sorg, Fms. ii. 223, passim: plur. cares, sorrows, lægja sorgir, Rm. 41; at sorgum, Fms. vi. (in a verse); segja sorgir, Am. 84; minar eru sorgirnar þungar sem blý, an old ditty, Sturl. iii. 317; sorgar-búnaðr, -búningr, a mourning dress, Barl. 20, Stj.: in old vernacular writings the only records of mourning are the phrase ‘to wear a black hood’ (falda blá) in Heiðarv. S. (in a verse), and the hanging the hall with black in the celebrated passage in Jómsvík S., see Sir Edmund Head’s ballad ‘The Death of old King Gorm;’ neither is black used for mourning in Icel., as it is the national colour.

COMPDS: sorgbitinn, sorgeyrr, sorgafullr, sorgfullr, sorgalauss, sorglauss, sorgliga, sorgligr, sorgmóðr, sorgmæði, sorgsamligr, sorgarsamligr.

n. pl. stakes, piles, which in times of war were driven in the mouths of rivers (hann lét ok s. gøra í ána Tems með blý ok járni).

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n. pl. stakes, piles, which in times of war were driven in the mouths of rivers, inlets, and along the shore; stiknðu Gautar Gautelfi, at konungr skyldi eigi mega leggja skipum sínum upp í landit, Haraldr konungr lagðisk við stikin, Hkr. i. 92 (see also the verse); þeir lögðu at landi við stikin, Fms. vii. 188; uppi við stikin, 256; þeir hjuggu tengslin frá stikunum, 259: sing., þar gengr Sjólfr til er stikat er, a stake for shooting, Fas. ii. 266.

(vell; vall, ullum; ollinn), v.

1) to be in a state of ebullition, boil (rigndi blóði vellanda);

2) to well up, swarm; v. möðkum, to swarm with worms; ullu út ór ormar, worms swarmed out.

(-da, -dr), v. to prepare or cook by boiling (v. lauk ok grös).

f. boiling heat, ebullition.

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pres. vell; pret. vall; pl. ullu; subj. ylli; part. ollinn; [A. S. weallan; Engl. to well]:—to well over, boil, be at boiling heat; vellanda bik, Fms. vii. 232; rigndi blóði vellanda, Nj. 272; vellanda vatn, Bs. i. 40, Sks. 424; vellanda viðsmjör, 623. 12; vax heitt ok vellanda blý, molten lead, Hom. 100; vellanda gulli, molten gold, 625. 38; tók stálit at vella, Karl. 18; vellr nú ór járni allt þat er deigt er, Þiðr. 79; vellanda katli, Hm. 84; hafit vellr ok geisar, Rb. 444; keldur er æ ok æ vella ákafliga, Sks. 146; sé nú hve sá hverr velli, Gkv. 3. 9; hver vellanda, 6; það vellr og sýðr, of a boiling kettle; brunnr vellr af hita, Al. 51; vellandi reiði, Art.

II. metaph. to well up, swarm, esp. of vermin, maggots, or the like; vella möðkum, to swarm with worms; hann vall möðkum, Fms. xi. 280; þat vellr möðkum allt, Hom. (St.); Herodes vall möðkum í hel, Ver. 40; ullu út ór ( swarmed out) ormar ok eyðlur, Hkr. i. 103 (Fms. x. 380); vella vági, to run with matter, Greg. 75, Stj. 617 (of Naaman).

III. to cry, scream, of a curlew; spói vall í túni; also of the horse-cuckoo.