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61 readaptación
f.1 readaptation, rehabilitation, retraining, readjustment.2 reconversion.* * *1 (rehabilitación) rehabilitation2 (profesional) retraining* * *SF readjustment* * ** * *= readaptation, repurposing.Ex. The Commission made readaptation grants available to help workers affected by fundamental changes in market conditions in the steel and coal industries.Ex. The author talks about the current state of Web site usability, repurposing content, and the importance of the end users' natural habitat.* * ** * *= readaptation, repurposing.Ex: The Commission made readaptation grants available to help workers affected by fundamental changes in market conditions in the steel and coal industries.
Ex: The author talks about the current state of Web site usability, repurposing content, and the importance of the end users' natural habitat.* * *1 (a una situación) readjustment2 (de un obrero) retraining* * *readaptación nfreadjustment -
62 essenziale
1. adj essential2. m: l'essenziale è the main thing is* * *essenziale agg.1 essential, fundamental, basic, prime, primary: d'importanza essenziale, of fundamental (o primary) importance; l'introduzione è una parte essenziale di questo libro, the introduction is an essential part of this book// (med.) ipertensione essenziale, essential hypertension◆ s.m. (the) essential thing: l'essenziale è non perderlo di vista, the essential thing is not to lose sight of him // badare all'essenziale, to stick to the main point (o the essentials).* * *[essen'tsjale]1. aggessenziale (a) — essential (to o for), (stile, linguaggio) simple
2. sml'essenziale — (l'importante) the main o most important thing, (oggetti necessari) the (basic) essentials pl, (punti principali) the essentials pl
riduciamo il discorso all'essenziale — let's restrict our discussion to the basic o essential points
l'essenziale è che venga — the main o important thing is that he should come
l'essenziale è che tu sia arrivato sano e salvo — the main thing is that you got here safe and sound
* * *[essen'tsjale] 1.1) essential, fundamental, basic, vital2) [ arredamento] essential, basic3) [ stile] terse, pithy4) (necessario) necessary5) chim. [ olio] essential2.sostantivo maschile2) (oggetti indispensabili) essentials pl., basics pl.* * *essenziale/essen'tsjale/1 essential, fundamental, basic, vital2 [ arredamento] essential, basic3 [ stile] terse, pithy4 (necessario) necessary; le cose -i the bare essentials5 chim. [ olio] essential1 (elemento fondamentale) dimenticare l'essenziale to forget the most important thing; andare all'essenziale to get to the heart of the matter2 (oggetti indispensabili) essentials pl., basics pl. -
63 важнейший
1) General subject: capital, main, momentous, most important, overriding, primary, principal, chief, prime, essential, pivotal, the first key2) Railway term: major3) Economy: key5) Psychology: prime (по времени)6) Advertising: of paramount importance, prime importance, to prime importance7) Makarov: alpha, central, fundamental, of prime importance, topmost -
64 принципиальный
fundamental, great, crucial (не principled!)Этот принципиальный и последовательный курс встречает поддержку народов мира. - This fundamental and consistent policy.Принципиально важно сравнить два направления в подходе к проблеме ядерного оружия. - It is of great/fundamental/crucial importance to consider two views of/approaches to the problem of nuclear weapons.@ принципиальный человекA person of integrity/moral fiber@Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > принципиальный
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65 принципиальный
fundamental, great, crucial (не principled!)Этот принципиальный и последовательный курс встречает поддержку народов мира. - This fundamental and consistent policy.Принципиально важно сравнить два направления в подходе к проблеме ядерного оружия. - It is of great/fundamental/crucial importance to consider two views of/approaches to the problem of nuclear weapons.Русско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > принципиальный
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66 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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67 факт
(см. также данные, результат, вариант, версия, случай) fact, case, one point• Благодаря этому факту усиленно напрашивается, что... - This fact strongly suggests that...• В свете всех этих фактов становится естественным (вычислить и т. п.)... - In view of all these facts it becomes natural to...• В связи с тем фактом, что..., очевидно, что это невозможно. - This is obviously impossible in light of the fact that...• В этом параграфе мы устанавливаем основные факты относительно... - In this section we establish the basic facts about...• Важность этого факта станет понятна после того, как мы обсудим... - The importance of this fact will become clear when we discuss...• Внимание читателя привлекается к тому факту, что... - The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that...• Вряд ли необходимо еще подчеркивать тот факт, что... - It is hardly necessary to stress the fact that...• Данная теория также объясняет тот факт, что... - This theory also explains the fact that...• Данное утверждение интуитивно очевидно, если исходить из факта, что... - The proposition is intuitively obvious from the fact that...• Данный подход должен быть изменен так, чтобы он учитывал факт, что... - The approach must be modified to accommodate the fact that...• Добавьте к этому тот факт, что... - Add to this the fact that...• Его принципиальная важность заключается в том факте, что... - Its principal importance lies ultimately in the fact that...• Задача усложняется тем фактом, что... - The problem is complicated by the fact that...• Замечательным фактом является то, что... - It is a remarkable fact that...• Замечательным фактом является, что... - It is a remarkable fact that...• Здесь принимается во внимание тот факт, что... - This takes account of the fact that...• Зная этот набор фактов, мы понимаем, что... - With this framework before us, we realize that...• Из этого факта, совместно с (1), вытекает, что... - This fact, taken together with (1), implies that...• Интересным и полезным фактом является то, что... - The interesting and useful fact is that...• Исключительным фактом является то, что... - It is an extraordinary fact that...• Мы используем этот факт в дальнейшем. - We shall make use of this fact later.• Мы можем использовать преимущество, предоставляемое этим фактом, чтобы... - We can take advantage of this fact to...• Мы можем объяснить этот факт тем, что... - We can explain this fact by...• Мы привлекаем внимание к факту, что... - We call attention to the fact that...• Мы примем этот важный факт без доказательства. - We shall accept this important fact without proof.• На некоторое время мы пренебрегаем тем фактом, что... - We neglect, for the time being, the fact that...• На этом этапе мы хотим привлечь внимание к тому факту, что... - At this point, we wish to call attention to the fact that...• На этом этапе необходимо указать очень важный факт. - At this stage a very important fact must be pointed out.• Наиболее важным является тот факт, что... - Most important is the fact that...• Нам всем (хорошо) известен тот факт, что... - We are all familiar with the fact that...• Некоторые из этих проблем возникают из того факта, что... - Some of the problems arise from the fact that...• Немедленным следствием предыдущего результата является тот факт, что... - An immediate corollary of the above result is the fact that...• Необходимо заметить, что в той же мере важным является тот факт, что... - But equally important, one should notice, is the fact that...• Неожиданным фактом является то, что... - An unexpected fact is that...• Однако имеет смысл использовать факт, что... - But the sensible thing is to use the fact that...• Однако при вычислении величины W мы должны принять во внимание тот факт, что... - In computing W, however, we must take into account the fact that...• Очевидно, что этот ответ обязан быть следствием факта, что... - The answer must obviously be sought in the fact that...• Подтверждение такой точки зрения вытекает из того факта, что... - Confirmation of this view is found in the fact that...• Позднее нам будут необходимы несколько фактов относительно... - Later on we shall need certain facts about...• Полезно помнить следующий факт:... - A useful result to remember is that...• Поразительным фактом является то, что... - A striking fact is that...• Предыдущие примеры иллюстрируют общий факт, что... - The preceding examples illustrate the general fact that...• Причиной этого является факт, что... - The reason for this lies in the fact that...• Простейшим объяснением всех этих фактов является... - The simplest explanation for these facts is...• Рассмотрим некоторые важные факты относительно... - Let us review some important facts regarding...• Следует уделить внимание тому факту, что... - Attention should be paid to the fact that...• Таким образом, мы возвращаемся к факту, что... - We thus recover the fact that...• Твердо установленным фактом является, что... - It is a well-established result that...• Тот факт, что..., ничего не говорит о... - The fact that... says nothing about...• Тривиальным фактом здесь является... - It is a trivial observation that...• Тщательное сравнение затрудняется тем фактом, что... - Careful comparison is somewhat hampered by the fact that...• Учитывая эти факты, мы можем... - Taking these facts into account, we can...• Фактом чрезвычайной важности является то, что... - This is a fact of tremendous importance to...• Фундаментальным фактом является то, что каждый... - It is a fundamental fact that every...• Чтобы сделать это, мы используем тот факт, что... - То do this, we make use of the fact that...• Чтобы учесть данный факт, Максвелл предположил, что... - То account for this fact, Maxwell supposed that...• Экспериментально обнаружено, что... - It is found, as an experimental fact, that...• Эти важные факты можно подытожить следующим образом. - The relevant facts may be summarized as follows.• Эти факты могут быть объяснены, если... - These facts can be explained if...• Эти факты позволяют нам... - These facts allow us to...• Это выливается в не что иное как простое переформулирование факта, что... - This amounts to no more than a restatement of the fact that...• Это иллюстрирует тот факт, что... - This illustrates the fact that...• Это могло бы показаться довольно неопределенным в свете того факта, что... - This may seem rather pointless in light of the fact that...• Это могло бы показаться парадоксальным в свете факта, что... - This may appear to be paradoxical in view of the fact that...• Это необходимое следствие того факта, что... - This is a necessary consequence of the fact that...• Это очевидным образом вытекает из того факта, что... - This is clearly borne out by the fact that...• Это предположение игнорирует тот факт, что... - The assumption ignores the fact that...• Это происходит вследствие того факта, что... - This arises from the fact that...• Это просто другой способ выражения того факта, что... - This is just another way of expressing the fact that...• Это просто последствие того факта, что... - This is simply a consequence of the fact that...• Это связано с тем фактом, что... - This is connected with the fact that...• Это следует из нашего обсуждения соотношения (4), а также из того факта, что... - This follows from our discussion of (4) and the fact that...• Это совершенно очевидно следует из того факта, что... - This is at once obvious from the fact that...• Это соответствует тому факту, что... - This corresponds to the fact that...• Это справедливо, несмотря на тот факт, что... - This is so despite the fact that...• Этот пример иллюстрирует основной факт, что... - This example illustrates the general fact that...• Этот результат более или менее ожидаем, если исходить из факта, что... - This result is more or less to be expected from the fact that...• Этот результат было необходимо ожидать, исходя из факта, что... - This result was to be expected from the fact that...• Этот результат согласуется с тем фактом, что... - This result is in agreement with the fact that...• Этот факт был отмечен без доказательства в главе 4. - This fact was noted without proof in Chapter 4.• Является интересным тот факт, что... - It is an interesting fact that... -
68 принципиальный
principal, fundamental, of principle, crucial• Его принципиальная важность заключается в том, что... - Its principal importance lies ultimately in the fact that...• Это не налагает никаких принципиальных ограничений на... - This does not impose any fundamental restrictions on...• Этот рисунок четко показывает принципиальные различия между... - This figure clearly illustrates the basic differences between... -
69 kapitalny
adj(zasadniczy, istotny) cardinal, fundamental; ( świetny) brilliant* * *a.1. (= istotny) cardinal, fundamental, capital; o kapitalnym znaczeniu of paramount importance; kapitalny remont (samochodu, maszyny) major overhaul; ( domu) extensive redecoration; ściana kapitalna bud. main wall.2. (= znakomity) brilliant, splendid; pot. smashing, stunning.3. (= śmieszny) priceless.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kapitalny
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70 engreído
adj.vain, cocky, proud, bigheaded.f. & m.swell-headed person, conceited person, swellhead.past part.past participle of spanish verb: engreír.* * *► adjetivo1 vain, conceited, stuck-up* * *engreído, -a1. ADJ1) (=vanidoso) vain, stuck-up *2.SM / F bighead *, spoiled brat* * *I- da adjetivoa) ( vanidoso) conceited, bigheaded (colloq)b) (Per) ( mimado) spoiled*II- da masculino, femeninoa) ( vanidoso) bighead (colloq)b) (Per) ( mimado) spoiled* brat* * *= conceited, self-inflated, stuck-up, self-important, cocky [cockier -comp., cockiest -sup.], high-blown, snobbish, snobby [snobbier -comp., snobbiest -sup.], snob, haughty [haughtier -comp., haughtiest -sup.], hoity-toity, vain [vainer -comp., vainest -sup.], cocksure, supercilious, big-headed.Ex. She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.Ex. Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.Ex. library users were stereotyped as old people, intellectuals, uninteresting people, shy or stuck-up people and people afraid of life.Ex. He was described as 'a self-important, self-righteous blowhard, puffing his filthy pipe, patches on the elbows of his well-worn tweed jacket, decked out in the cliche costume of the shabby liberal icon'.Ex. Bold, ambitious and in-your-face I've always considered them to be just too cocky by half.Ex. In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.Ex. It was possible to identify 3 main groups who display 3 different types of attitude -- participative, delegative and ' snobbish'.Ex. Every one looked like death warmed up, including the snobby staff who I found far from welcoming.Ex. The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.Ex. The only blot on his escutcheon is, that after his great success he grew to be haughty and insolent in his demands.Ex. Wine lovers get the urge to splurge and celebrate, often in hoity-toity restaurants.Ex. The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic and self-complacent is erroneous.Ex. The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt.Ex. A commenter took me to task for being supercilious and said it was inconsistent with my religion.Ex. I alwasy knew she was a pain in the arse, without knowing her you can just tell, by the way she behaves, that she is big-headed and thinks she's god's gift to the human race.* * *I- da adjetivoa) ( vanidoso) conceited, bigheaded (colloq)b) (Per) ( mimado) spoiled*II- da masculino, femeninoa) ( vanidoso) bighead (colloq)b) (Per) ( mimado) spoiled* brat* * *= conceited, self-inflated, stuck-up, self-important, cocky [cockier -comp., cockiest -sup.], high-blown, snobbish, snobby [snobbier -comp., snobbiest -sup.], snob, haughty [haughtier -comp., haughtiest -sup.], hoity-toity, vain [vainer -comp., vainest -sup.], cocksure, supercilious, big-headed.Ex: She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.
Ex: Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.Ex: library users were stereotyped as old people, intellectuals, uninteresting people, shy or stuck-up people and people afraid of life.Ex: He was described as 'a self-important, self-righteous blowhard, puffing his filthy pipe, patches on the elbows of his well-worn tweed jacket, decked out in the cliche costume of the shabby liberal icon'.Ex: Bold, ambitious and in-your-face I've always considered them to be just too cocky by half.Ex: In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.Ex: It was possible to identify 3 main groups who display 3 different types of attitude -- participative, delegative and ' snobbish'.Ex: Every one looked like death warmed up, including the snobby staff who I found far from welcoming.Ex: The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.Ex: The only blot on his escutcheon is, that after his great success he grew to be haughty and insolent in his demands.Ex: Wine lovers get the urge to splurge and celebrate, often in hoity-toity restaurants.Ex: The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic and self-complacent is erroneous.Ex: The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt.Ex: A commenter took me to task for being supercilious and said it was inconsistent with my religion.Ex: I alwasy knew she was a pain in the arse, without knowing her you can just tell, by the way she behaves, that she is big-headed and thinks she's god's gift to the human race.* * *1 (vanidoso, presumido) conceited, bigheaded ( colloq)masculine, feminine1 (vanidoso) bighead ( colloq)* * *
Del verbo engreír: ( conjugate engreír)
engreído es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
engreído
engreír
engreído◊ -da adjetivo
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
engreído,-a adjetivo conceited
' engreído' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
además
- cambio
- corte
- engreída
- estiramiento
- fatua
- fatuo
- parecer
- ufana
- ufano
- creído
- pituco
- presumido
- sobrado
English:
bighead
- bigheaded
- cocksure
- fatuous
- self-important
- smug
- toffee-nosed
- conceited
- puffed
- self
* * *engreído, -a♦ adj1. [creído] conceited, full of one's own importance♦ nm,f1. [creído] conceited person;ser un engreído to be very conceited* * *adj conceited* * *engreído, -da adjpresumido, vanidoso: vain, conceited, stuck-up -
71 очень важно
•It is of first importance that the alignment of piston, rod and compressor is absolutely true.
•Of prime (or singular, or paramount, or critical, or fundamental, or vital) importance...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > очень важно
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72 иметь
(вн.; в разн. знач.)have (d.)♢
иметь в виду — ( подразумевать) mean* (d.); ( не забывать) bear* / have in mind (d.); (+ инф.; иметь намерение) intend (d.), mean* (+ to inf.)имейте в виду, что — mind, или don't forget, that
иметь дело с кем-л. — have to do with smb., deal* with smb.; have dealings with smb.
иметь место — take* place
иметь возможность (+ инф.) — be in a position (+ to inf.), have a chance (of ger.)
иметь большое значение — matter very much, be of great importance
иметь существенное значение (для) — be essential / fundamental (to)
иметь будущее, будущность — have a future (before one)
иметь вкус — (о пище и т. п.) have a taste; ( о человеке) have taste
иметь запах — smell*
иметь притязания (на вн.) — have claim(s) (on)
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73 primordial
primordial, e (masculine plural - iaux) [pʀimɔʀdjal, jo]adjective* * *primordiale, mpl - iaux pʀimɔʀdjal, o adjectif essential, vital* * *pʀimɔʀdjal, jo primordial, -eprimordiaux mpl adj* * *1 ( essentiel) essential, vital;2 †( origine) primordial, primitive. -
74 важное значение
•Of fundamental (or great, or vital) importance is the polar sequence...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > важное значение
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75 важное значение
•Of fundamental (or great, or vital) importance is the polar sequence...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > важное значение
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76 иметь принципиально важное значение
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > иметь принципиально важное значение
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77 первостепенное значение
•This provides data which are of paramount (or critical, or vital, or cardinal, or fundamental, or prime, or first) importance in studies of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > первостепенное значение
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78 метод
method, process, procedure, approach, technique, practice, tool, strategy• Безо всяких изменений данный метод подходит для... - The method lends itself readily to...• Более подходящим методом является... - A better technique is to...• Более прямой метод получения величины F рассматривается в главе 9. - A more direct procedure for obtaining F is considered in Chapter 9.• Более подходящим методом является определение... - A more satisfactory method is to establish...• Большинство из этих более продвинутых методов требует... - Most of these more advanced methods require...• Были предложены несколько методов. - Several techniques have been suggested.• Было довольно нелегко разработать метод для... - It was fairly difficult to develop a method for...• Было довольно сложно разработать метод для... - It was quite difficult to develop a method for...• Было легко разработать метод для... - It was easy to develop a method for...• Было относительно легко (= просто) разработать метод для... - It was relatively easy to develop a method for... (not easy on an absolute scale, but less challenging than other tasks)• Было почти невозможно разработать метод для... - It was almost impossible to develop a method for... (so hard that we nearly failed)• В альтернативном методе мы вычисляем... - In the alternative method we calculate...• В данной главе мы представим метод для... - In this chapter, we shall formulate the procedure for...• В данном приближенном методе существенно... - In this approximation procedure it is essential to...• В качестве примера применения описанного выше метода мы показываем, что... - As an example of the method described above we show that...• В недавние годы этот метод был улучшен посредством использования (чего-л). - In recent years the subject has been enriched by the use of...• В основном мы следуем методу... - In essence we follow the procedure of...• В последние годы несколько авторов отказались от этого метода. - Several authors have, in recent years, departed from this procedure.• В своих основных чертах это был метод, использовавшийся Смитом [1]. - In essence, this was the method employed by Smith [1].• В соответствии с методом, намеченным в Главе 1, мы... - In accordance with the method outlined in Chapter 1, we...• В этой главе мы даем эффективный метод... - In this chapter we give an efficient method for...• Вместо этого давайте разработаем (один) общий метод, посредством которого... - Instead, let us develop a general method whereby...• Во многих случаях необходимо обращаться за помощью к приближенным методам. - In many cases it is necessary to resort to approximate methods.• Возможно, безопасно применить метод... к... - It is probably safe to apply the method of... to...•Возможно, наилучшим методом является... - Perhaps the best approach is to...• Все вышеупомянутые методы не применимы для малых х. - The foregoing methods all fail for small x.• Второй метод вывода уравнения (1) формулируется следующим образом. - A second method of obtaining (1) is as follows.• Второй метод точно согласуется с... - The latter method agrees precisely with...• Вышеуказанным методом обнаружено (= найдено), что... - By the above method it is found that...• Геометрически метод состоит в следующем. - Geometrically, the procedure is as follows.• Главное преимущество данного метода заключается в том, что... - The chief advantage of the method is that...• Главным преимуществом данного метода является его общность. - The principal advantage of the method is its generality.• Главным преимуществом данного метода по сравнению с традиционными является то, что... - The major advantage of this procedure over the traditional method is that...• Главным преимуществом данного метода является его простота. - The principal virtue of the method is its simplicity.• Далее, в данном методе заранее предполагается, что... - Further, the method presupposes...• Данное свойство является основой одного метода нахождения... - This property provides one method of determining...• Данный метод был предложен в статье [1]. - The method was suggested by Smith, et al. [1].• Данный метод намного точнее, чем... - The present method is much more precise than...• Данный метод не применим для/в... - The method does not apply to...• Данный метод невозможно применить, когда/ если... - The method is not applicable when...• Данный метод одинаково успешно можно применять к... - The method can equally well be applied to...• Данный метод особенно подходит в случае, когда... - The method is particularly appropriate when...• Данный метод позволяет... - The method enables one to...• Данный метод позволяет исследователю... - The method allows an investigator to...• Данный метод применим к широкому классу (в широком классе)... - The method is applicable to a large class of...• Данный метод прост и довольно интересен, однако... - This method is simple and quite interesting, but...• Данный отчет описывает новый метод... - This report describes a new method of...• Данным методом можно решить ряд важных практических задач. - This method enables us to solve several problems of practical importance.• Детали этого метода можно найти в [1]. - Details of the method can be found in Smith [1].• Для... можно применить несколько методов. - Several methods are available for...• Для получения... был использован ряд методов. - A number of methods have been used to obtain...• Для преодоления этой трудности был разработан один метод. - One method has been advanced for overcoming this difficulty.• Должны быть развиты методы для измерения... - Methods should be developed for measuring...• Достоинство этого метода состоит в том, что... - The advantage of the method is that...• Другим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The other disadvantage of this procedure is that...; Another disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Его метод доказательства весьма оригинален. - The method of proof is quite ingenious.• Единственный доступный нам в настоящее время метод - это... - The only method available to us so far is...• Единственным известным недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The only known disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Еще одним методом является... - Still another approach is to...• Здесь рассматривается (один) общий метод получения этих решений. - A general method of obtaining these solutions is considered here.• Важность наших методов состоит в том, что они будут давать... - The significance of our methods is that they will yield...• Значительно более удобный метод состоит в том, что... - A far more convenient approach is to...• Имеются два обычно используемых метода для... - There are two commonly used methods for...• Имеются три метода решения такой задачи. - There are three ways of attacking such a problem.• Интересным альтернативным методом является следующий. - An interesting alternative procedure is as follows.• Используя данный метод, следует помнить, что... - In using this method it is well to remember that...• Используя любой подобный метод, необходимо (помнить и т. п.)... - With any method such as this it is necessary to...• Используя этот метод, они нашли, что... - Using the method, they found that...; Using the method, they learned that...; Using the method, they determined that...; Using the method, they discovered that...• Используя этот новый метод, мы можем... - By this new method it will be possible to...• Итак, мы наметим несколько методов, которые могут использоваться для того, чтобы... - We therefore outline some procedures which can be used to...• К сожалению, этот метод оказался неприменим. - Unfortunately, the method was not applicable; The method, unfortunately, was not applicable.• К счастью, имеется один простой и подходящий для этого метод. - Fortunately, there is a simple technique available for doing this.• Каков недостаток этого метода? - What is the disadvantage of this procedure?• Каковы преимущества данного метода? - What are the advantages of this procedure?• Конечно, это могло бы быть следствием неподходящих методов. - Of course, this could reflect the use of inappropriate methods.• Конечно, этот метод не всегда применим. - Of course, this method will not always work.• Коротко, мы будем интересоваться методами, которые... - In short, we will inquire into the ways in which...• Кратко опишем метод для его оценки. - A method for estimating this will be given shortly.• Метод... должен быть применен к/в... - The method of... should apply to...• Метод... мог бы быть надежно применен для... - The method of... could safely be applied to,..• Метод анализа, намеченный в предыдущем абзаце, показывает... - The method of analysis outlined in the last paragraph shows...• Метод может использоваться для оценки... - The method can be used to estimate...• Метод обладает очевидным преимуществом... - The method possesses the obvious advantage of...• Метод основывается на принципе, что... - This method is based on the principle that...• Метод перестает быть достаточно точным, если... - The method ceases to be reasonably accurate if...• Метод состоит в следующем. - The procedure is as follows.• Метод состоит из двух шагов. - The approach is in two steps.• Метод требует от пользователя обеспечить... - The method requires the user to provide...• Метод, который здесь описывается, требует... - The method to be described here involves...• Метод, который мы описали, в общем случае не подходит для... - The procedure we have described is not, in general, suitable for...• Метод, приведенный в этом параграфе, подобным образом может быть применен к... - The method of sections may be applied in a similar way to...• Метод, с помощью которой это было получено, известен как... - The technique by which this is achieved is known as...• Методы, которые мы рассмотрели, позволяют нам... - The methods we have considered enable us to...• Можно использовать множество методов. Например,... - A variety of methods may be employed, e. g.,...• Можно ожидать, что метод обеспечит нахождение по меньшей мере одного корня. - The method can be expected to provide at least one root.• Мы будем придерживаться этого метода. - We shall follow this method.• Мы ввели широкий класс методов решения... - We have introduced a wide range of procedures for solving...• Мы можем обратить метод и вывести, что... - We can reverse the process and deduce that...• Мы наметим в общих чертах метод, основанный на... - We will outline a procedure based on...• Мы откладываем обсуждение подобных методов до параграфа 5. - We defer the discussion of such methods to Section 5.• Мы принимаем полностью отличный от данного метод. - We adopt an entirely different method.• Мы проиллюстрируем данный метод для случая... - We shall illustrate the procedure for the case of...• Мы считаем, что метод... можно применять к/в... - We believe that the method of... is applicable to...• Мы увидим, что эти методы могут использоваться лишь тогда, когда... - It will be observed that these methods are only applicable when...• Мы упоминаем лишь два таких метода... - We mention only two such methods of...• На данный метод часто ссылаются как на... - This process is often referred to as...• На самом деле оба метода используются на практике. - Both methods are in fact used in practice.• На сегодняшний день важность этого метода заключается в том, что... - For the present, the significance of this process lies in the fact that...• Наиболее важным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - The primary advantage of this procedure is that...• Наиболее просто следовать этому методу в случае... - The procedure is most simply followed for the case of...• Наиболее часто используемые методы перечислены ниже:... - The methods that are most often used follow:...• Наиболее широко используемые методы основываются на... - The techniques most widely used are based on...• Наиболее широко используемый метод это тот, что был введен Смитом [1]. - The method most commonly employed is that introduced by Smith [1].• Наш метод будет весьма существенно отличаться от данного. - Our procedure will be quite different from this.• Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...• Не существует систематического метода определения... - There is no systematic way of determining...• Недостатком данного метода является то, что он требует... - The disadvantage of this procedure is that it requires...• Недостаток этого метода можно видеть... - The flaw in this approach can be seen by...• Несколько методов анализа были введены с помощью... - Several methods of analysis are introduced by means of...• Ни один из этих методов не требует... - Neither of these methods requires...• Ниже описываются два подобных метода. - Two such methods are described below.• Обнаружилось, что данный метод (здесь) не приложим. - It turned out that the method was not applicable.• Обнаружилось, что данный метод успешно используется в широкой области... - The method is found to be successful on a wide range of...• Обычно считают, что Смит [1] положил начало этому методу. - Smith [1] is usually credited with originating this method.• Обычным методом является измерение... - A common procedure is to measure...• Один такой несколько искусственный метод занимается... - One such trick is concerned with...• Одна элегантная версия данного метода использует... - An elegant version of this method employs...• Однако данный метод требует предварительного знания... - However, this method presupposes a knowledge of...• Однако лучше всего ввести этот метод, рассматривая... - However, the method is best introduced by considering...• Однако метод может не сработать даже при отсутствии... - However, the procedure may fail even in the absence of...• Однако мы воспользуемся здесь более общим методом, разработанным Воровичем [1]. - But we shall follow here a more general method due to Vorovich [1].• Однако мы легко можем разработать метод для... - We can, however, easily devise a means for...• Однако решения все еще могут быть получены при помощи чисто численных методов. - Solutions can still be obtained, however, by resorting to purely numerical methods.• Однако существует стандартный метод работы с... - However, there is a standard method of dealing with...• Однако этот метод не работает, будучи примененным к... - This approach, however, breaks down when applied to...• Однако этот метод совершенно не удовлетворяет нашим целям. - This procedure, however, falls far short of our goal.• Одним из преимуществ этого метода является то, что... - One advantage of this procedure is that...• Одним общим недостатком данного метода является наличие... - One common drawback of this method is the presence of...• Оказывается, данный метод первоначально появился в работах Смита [1]. - The method appears to have originated in the works of Smith [1].• Описанная выше процедура представляет один строгий метод... - The procedure described above represents a rigorous method of...• Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...• Описанный здесь метод всегда приводит... - The procedure described here always yields...• Основной слабостью метода является... - The main weakness of the method is...• Отличительным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - A distinct advantage of the procedure is that...• Отличный от вышеупомянутого метод был предложен Джонсом [1]. - A different method has been given by Jones [1].• Перед этим не имелось общепризнанного метода... - Prior to this, there was no generally accepted method of...• Подобные методы могут использоваться в более сложных ситуациях. - Similar methods may be employed in more complicated cases.• Подобный метод был рассмотрен Смитом [1], который... - Such a procedure has been considered by Smith [1], who...• Подобный метод может быть принят, когда... - A similar method may be adopted when...• Подобный метод применяется к/в... - A similar method applies to...• Пользуясь такими методами, мы можем избежать... - By such expediencies we can avoid...• Потенциальное преимущество данного метода состоит в том, что... - A potential advantage of this procedure lies in the fact that...• Поэтому мы применяем слегка модифицированный метод. - We therefore adopt a slightly different method.• Предпочтительным, однако, является метод... - The preferred method, however, is to...• Преимущество этого метода заключается в том, что... - The advantage of this method lies in the fact that...• Преимущество этого метода, следовательно, состоит в том, что он обеспечивает простой... - The advantage < this procedure, therefore, is that it provides a simple...• Применение данного метода ограничено... - The application of this method is confined to...• Применение данного метода показывает... - An application of this process shows...• Применение данного специального метода оправдано (чем-л). - The adoption of this particular method is justified by...• Проиллюстрируем общий метод, рассматривая... - We illustrate the general method by considering...• Рассматриваемые до сих пор методы касаются... - The methods considered so far have been concerned with...• Результаты всех этих методов согласуются с... - The results of all these methods are consistent with...• Решающим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The crucial disadvantage of this procedure is that...• С другой стороны, этот метод даст... - On the other hand, this method will give...• Открытие Смита сделало возможным новый метод... - Smith's discovery made possible a new method of...• Самым простым из таких методов является (метод)... - The simplest such method is...• Следовательно, необходимо развить общий метод для... - It is, therefore, necessary to devise a general method for...• Следует подчеркнуть, что этот метод должен использоваться только если... - It is to be emphasized that this method should be used only; if...• Следует уделить внимание методам... - Attention should be given to methods of...• Следующее рассуждение иллюстрирует метод... - The following treatment illustrates the method of...• Следующим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - A further disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Смит [lj обнаружил метод для... - Smith [1] discovered a method for...• Смит [1] предложил метод вычисления... - Smith [l] has proposed a method of calculating...• Смит [1] применил этот метод к... - Smith [1] has applied this method to.,.• Стандартным методом является следующий. - The standard procedure is as follows.• Таким образом, мы имеем метод, который позволяет... - Thus we have a method which yields...• Тем не менее, развитые нами методы обеспечивают основу для... - However, the methods we have developed provide a basis for...• Теперь мы (полностью) готовы использовать методы, разработанные во втором параграфе. - We are now ready to use the methods of Section 2.• Теперь мы обсудим систематические методы, которые f можно использовать в/ при... - We now discuss systematic methods which can be applied to...• Теперь мы применим метод Римана, чтобы... - We now apply Riemann's method in order to...• Только что описанный метод известен как... - The procedure we have described is known as...• Тот же метод можно применять в/к... - The same method may be applied to...• Удобным методом достижения необходимой цели является... - A convenient way to accomplish this is to...• Усовершенствованные экспериментальные методы сделали возможным... - Refined experimental methods have made it possible to...• Фундаментальным преимуществом этого метода является то, что... - A fundamental advantage of this procedure is that...• Хотя этот метод и несколько необычен, он справедлив (= работает) как и любой из известных методов. - Although this method is somewhat unorthodox, it is as valid as any of the more familiar methods.• Центральной идеей, на которой основывался подход Смита [1], была... - The essential idea behind Smith's approach was that...• Чтобы воспользоваться преимуществами данного метода, необходимо... - In order to take advantage of this procedure, one must...• Чтобы проиллюстрировать применение метода, мы... - То illustrate the process we...• Эдисон изобрел новый метод для... - Edison invented a new method for...• Эдисон обдумывал новый метод для... - Edison devised a new method for...• Эти методы вводятся в следующем параграфе. - These methods are introduced in the next section.• Эти методы весьма громоздки. - These processes are tedious.• Эти методы настолько чувствительны, что... - These methods are so sensitive that...• Эти методы нельзя применять в случае, когда... - These methods are not applicable in the case of...• Эти методы очень чувствительны к малым изменениям в... - These methods are very sensitive to small changes in...• Эти методы получают своих сторонников, так как... - These methods attract proponents because...• Этим методом (= На этом пути) мы можем получить (вывести и т. п.)... - In this way we can arrive at...• Это будет объяснено примерами, когда мы будем изучать метод... - This point will be clarified by examples when we study the method of...• Это известный метод, принятый во многих работах... - This is a familiar procedure, undertaken in many studies of...• Это иллюстрирует важный метод... - This illustrates an important method of...• Это можно увидеть двумя методами. - This can be seen in two ways.• Это несущественный недостаток метода, поскольку... - This is not a serious defect of the method because...• Это приводит к полезным методам обращения с... - This leads to useful ways of dealing with...• Это простой метод, который можно проиллюстрировать, рассматривая... - This is a simple procedure which can be illustrated by considering...• Этот метод аналогичен использованному в... - The procedure is similar to that used in...• Этот метод был описан Смитом [1]. - The method has been described by Smith [1].• Этот метод был последовательно доведен до полной эффективности Смитом [3]. - This method was subsequently brought to full fruition by Smith [3].• Этот метод вполне очевиден. - This procedure is quite straightforward.• Этот метод доказательства довольно общий и применим к... - The method of proof is quite general and applies to...• Этот метод известен как... - The procedure is known as...• Этот метод имеет следующие недостатки. - The procedure has the following disadvantages.• Этот метод интересен по следующей причине. - This method is of interest for the following reason.• Этот метод легко адаптируется к/ для... - This procedure is readily adaptable to...• Этот метод легко понять, замечая, что... - The process is easily understood by noting that...• Этот метод лучше всего иллюстрируется примером. - The procedure is best illustrated by an example.• Этот метод наиболее успешен в случае, когда он применяется в... - The method is most successful when applied to...• Этот метод очевидным образом может быть распространен на (случай)... - This process can clearly be extended to...• Этот метод принимается, поскольку... - This approach is adopted because...• Этот метод являлся стандартным в течение многих лет. Несмотря на более новые разработки он будет использоваться и далее. - This approach has been standard for many years, and will continue to be of great use regardless of newer developments.• Этот технически простой метод действительно требует... - This technically simple method does require... -
79 устанавливать
(= установить, доказывать, показать) establish, set (up), ascertain, determine, stipulate, install, locate, adjust, estimate, recognize, place, mount, erect, locate• ... может быть установлен (= найден) аналогично. -... can be found similarly.• Более удовлетворительный метод заключается в том, чтобы установить... - A more satisfactory method is to establish...• В своем классическом исследовании Смит [1] установил, что... - In a classical investigation, Smith [1] established that...• В следующей теореме мы устанавливаем дополнительные свойства... - In the next theorem we obtain further properties of...• Важность данного результата состоит в том, что он четко устанавливает... - The importance of this result is that it clearly establishes...• Вторая цель - установить, что... - A second objective is to ensure that...• Затем необходимо установить... - It is then necessary to establish...• Кажется, между... и... можно установить важное различие. - It seems that a worthwhile distinction can be drawn between... and...• Как установлено в настоящее время... - As things stand today,...• Легко установить, что... - It is easy to ascertain that...• Мы начнем с того, что установим свойства... - We begin by establishing the properties of...• Насколько можно установить... - As far as could be determined,...• Но сначала мы установим некоторые фундаментальные свойства (чего-л). - But let us first establish some fundamental properties of...• Перед тем как установить только что упомянутые результаты, необходимо (рассмотреть и т. п.)... - Before establishing the results just mentioned it is necessary to...• Подобным образом мы можем установить условие для... - Similarly, we can establish the condition for...• Прибор просто устанавливать. - The device is simple to install.• Смит установил, что... - Smith has ascertained that...• Тем не менее, мы можем установить число... - Nevertheless, we can identify a number of...• Теперь мы установим... - We proceed now to the establishment of...• Хорошо установлено, что... - It is well established that...• Чтобы установить желаемое соотношение, мы... - То establish the desired relationship, we...• Чтобы установить соотношение (1), давайте... - То establish (1), let...• Чтобы установить соотношение (3), нам лишь необходимо... - То establish (3) we need only...• Чтобы это установить, достаточно... - То establish this it is enough to...• Эти результаты можно использовать, чтобы установить... - These results can be used to establish...• Это позволяет нам установить естественное и полезное соотношение между... - This allows us to establish a natural and useful connection between...• Это требование сразу устанавливает связь между... - This requirement at once establishes a connection between...• Это устанавливает данный результат. - This establishes the result.• Этот результат легко установить. - It is easy to establish this result. -
80 podstawowy
szkoła podstawowa — primary (BRIT) lub elementary (US) school
* * *a.1. basic, fundamental, elemental, essential; ( o wykształceniu) elementary, primary; (o produkcie, surowcu) staple; (o założeniach, zasadach) underlying; ( o składniku) vital, essential; podstawowe źródło utrzymania primary source of income; kwestia podstawowa basic issue; mieć podstawowe znaczenie be of vital importance; podstawowe dane background; podstawowe gałęzie przemysłu key industries; wynagrodzenie podstawowe basic salary.2. szkoln. elementary, primary; szkolnictwo podstawowe elementary l. primary education; szkoła podstawowa elementary l. primary school.3. gram. base.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > podstawowy
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