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  • 101 στύραξ 1

    στύραξ 1., - ᾰκος
    Grammatical information: m. f.
    Meaning: des. of a gummi and of the producing shrub or tree `Styrax officinalis' (Hdt., Arist., Thphr., Str. a.o.).
    Derivatives: στυράκ-ιον n. dimin. (pap.), - ινος `made of styrax-tree or of styrax' (LXX, Str., Dsc. a.o.), - ίζω `to smell or taste like styrax' (Dsc.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Semit.
    Etymology: On the formatiom cf. ὄμφαξ, δόναξ, ἄνθραξ a.o. -- After Hdt. 3, 107 introduced into Greece by the Phoenicians, what points to Semitic origin. Lagarde and Lewy Fremdw. 41 f. compare Hebr. ṣŏrī `the resin of the Mastix tree and the terebinth'; doubts in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 501. -- With the tree-name is prob. 2. στύραξ identical; to be noted, beside μελίη `ash' and `(staff of a) spear', esp. the στυράκινα ἀκοντίσματα in Str. 12, 7, 3. -- Lat. LW [loanword] styrax, storax, from where OE stor, OHG storr `id.' (W.-Hofmann s. v. w. lit.).
    Page in Frisk: 2,814-815

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στύραξ 1

  • 102 звено


    link
    - бокового подкоса (раскоса) шасси — side brace link
    -, быстросъемное — quick-connector link
    устанавливается между свобедными концами подвесной системы и стропами парашюта. — used between lift webs and rigging lines.
    - впс (вытяжной парашютной системы грузов) — extractor parachute static link
    - вытяжное — static link
    концы вытяжного звена крепятся к тросу пвпс и парашюту для ввода парашюта после отделения парашютиста или сбрасываемого груза от самолета, — а cord or cable, the ends of which are attached to the static cable and the parachute assembly, so that when tension is introduced into the line by the relative motion of aircraft and parachute, the parachute is allowed to deploy.
    -, вытяжное (ручного ввода парашюта) — rip cord
    гибкий тросик, который, будучи выдернут, освобождает клапаны ранца и обеспечивает выход парашюта из ранца, — а cord or flexible cable on а parachute which, when pulled, opens pack and allows the parachute to depoly.
    -, входное (гидроусилитепя) — input member (of hydraulic actuator)
    -, выходное (гидроусилитепя) — output member
    - гидрошарнира (трубопровод) — swivel (gland) pipe
    - заднего подкоса (шасси) (рис. 27) — drag link. the upper and lower drag links of the drag strut joined together form an overcenter action to lock the landing gear in the down position.
    - закрылка, хвостовое (рис. 11) — flap vane /tab/
    -, основное (двухшелевого закрылка) — flap
    -, парашютное (между вытяжным и основным парашютом) — chute (connector) link
    - патронной ленты — ammunition belt link
    -, переходное (грузовой парашютной системы) — strop
    звено (удлинитель) между тросом пвпс и вытяжным звеном (см. звено, соединительное)
    - подкоса (опоры шасси) — strut link
    - подкоса, верхнее (опоры шасси) — upper link /stay/
    - подкоса, нижнее (опоры шасси) — lower link /stay/
    -, промежуточное (в к-л. системе) — interphase. the control display unit is interphase between the operator and omega system (ons).
    -, разрывное — weak tie
    шнур, разрываемый на определенном этапе ввода парашюта для соблюдения установленной последовательности ввода. — а piece of cord which is intentionally broken at some stage of а parachute deployment in order to deploy the parachute in the predetermined manner.
    -, разрывное, предохранительнoe — safety tie
    обрывной шнур, соединяющий две части парашютной системы, для предотвращения случайного срабатывания (системы). — а breakable tie connecting two parts of а parachute system to prevent accidental release.
    - раскоса (стойки шасси) — brace link
    - ручного открытия (ранца парашюта) — rip cord, ripcord
    - ручного открытия двойного дна (ранца парашюта) — (pack) double bottom rip cord
    -, "слабое" (срезной валик, напр., стартера) — shear member, shear drive shaft
    - "слабое" (парашютной системы) (см. звено, разрывное) — weak tie
    -, соединительное — connector link
    соединительный узел парашюта и подвесной системы, — fitting used to join the parachute and harness.
    -, соединительное (парашютной системы) — strop
    отрезок троса, служащий для увеличения дистанции ввода в действие последующего элемента парашютной системы, — а length of wire cable used to increase the distance at deployment between two components of a parachute assembly.
    -, соединительное, между вытяжным звеном и вершиной купола для вытягивания парашюта — lazy leg. a relatively weak branch cord from а point on the static line to the apex of the parachute, for effecting its withdrawal.
    -, удлинительное — strop
    присоединяемое к вытяжному звену для обеспечения достаточного удаления груза от самолета при сбрасывании. — а webbing extension to the static line to secure good tail clearance of the load to be dropped.
    -, хвостовое (двухщелевого закрылка) (рис. 11) — flap vane, flap tab
    -, центральное (купола парашюта) — axial core. joining the parachute apex to the lower extremities of the rigging lines.
    - шлиц-шарнира (шасси) (рис. 27) — torque link

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > звено

  • 103 поток


    flow
    - 1 безграничный — unrestricted flow
    - i безразрывный — continuous flow
    -, безударный — shock-free flow
    -, бесскачковый — shock-free flow
    - в вихре — flow in vortex
    -, вихревой — vortex flow
    - воздуха (в двигателе) — airflow (in engine)
    -, воздушный (рис. 142) — airflow, airstream
    -, воздушный, создаваемый винтом — slipstreafti
    -, возмущенный — disturbed flow
    -, восходящий — updraft
    - выхлопных (выходящих) гaзов (двиг.) — exhaust gas stream /efflux/
    - газа (в двигателе) — gas stream (in engine)
    -, гиперзауковой — hypersonic flow
    - горячих газов (двиг.) — hot stream gas flow
    -, двухмерный — two-dimensional flow
    -, дозвуковой — subsonic flow
    - жидкости — fluid flow
    - за (воздушным) винтом — slipstream

    the stream of air driven astern by the propeller.
    -, звуковой — sonic flow
    -, индуцированный — induced flow
    -, косой — oblique flow
    -, криволинейный — curvilinear flow
    -, ламинарный — laminar flow
    поток воздуха, обтекающий тело без наличия поперечных перемещений частиц воздуха между соседними линиями потока. — smooth flow in which no crossflow of fluid particles occur between adjacent stream lines.
    -, магнитный — magnetic flux
    -, местный — local flow
    -, набегающий — ram airflow, ram air
    -, невозмущенный — undisturbed flow
    -, неограниченный — unrestricted flow
    -, непрерывный — continuous flow
    -, несжимаемый — incompressible flow
    -, неустановившийся — unsteady flow
    -, нисходящий — downdraft
    -, обратный — return flow
    -, одномерный — one-dimensional flow
    -, однородный — uniform flow
    -, осевой — axial flow
    -, отделившийся — separated flow
    -, оторвавшийся — separated flow
    - парашютистов — stick of parachutists
    самолет имеет люк для одповременного выпуска двух потоков парашютистов, — the aircraft has а door for simultaneous jumping of two sticks of parachutists.
    - разреженного газа — low-density flow
    -, расширившийся — expanded flow
    -, реверсированный — reversed flow
    -, сверхзвуковой — supersonic flow
    -, свободный — free stream
    -, сжимаемый — compressible flow
    -, скоростной (воздуха) — ram air(flow)
    радиатор охлаждается скоростным потоком воздуха, — the cooler is cooled by ram air.
    - со скачком уплотнения — shocked flow
    -, турбулентный — turbulent flow
    -, ускоренный — accelerated flow
    -, установившийся (устойчивый) — steady flow
    - холодного воздуха (двиг.) — cold stream air flow
    -, циркуляционный — circulatory flow
    -, чисто гиперзвуковой — all-hypersonic flow
    -, чисто дозвуковой — all-subsonic flow
    -, чисто сверхзвуковой — all-supersonic flow
    зона торможения п. — stagnation area
    переход ламинарного п. в турбулентный — transition from laminar to turbulent flow
    поведение п. — flow behavior
    скорость п. — flow velocity
    скос п. вверх — upwash
    скос п. вниз — downwash
    торможение п. — deceleration of flow
    турболентность п. — flow turbulence
    устойчивость п. — flow stability
    попадать в воздушный п. — be introduced into the air
    (напр., о парашютисте) — stream
    сдуваться (уноситься) воздушным (набегающим, обтекающим) п. — be blown off in slipstream

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > поток

  • 104 payback period

    Fin
    the length of time it will take to earn back the money invested in a project.
    EXAMPLE
    The straight payback period method is the simplest way of determining the investment potential of a major project. Expressed in time, it tells a management how many months or years it will take to recover the original cash cost of the project. It is calculated using the formula:
    Cost of project /annual cash revenues = payback period
    Thus, if a project cost $100,000 and was expected to generate $28,000 annually, the payback period would be:
    100,000 /28,000 = 3.57 years
    If the revenues generated by the project are expected to vary from year to year, add the revenues expected for each succeeding year until you arrive at the total cost of the project.
         For example, say the revenues expected to be generated by the $100,000 project are:
    Thus, the project would be fully paid for in Year 4, since it is in that year the total revenue reaches the initial cost of $100,000. The precise payback period would be calculated as:
    ((100,000 – 74,000) /(1000,000 – 74,000)) × 365 = 316 days + 3 years
    The picture becomes complex when the timevalue-of-money principle is introduced into the calculations. Some experts insist this is essential to determine the most accurate payback period. Accordingly, the annual revenues have to be discounted by the applicable interest rate, 10% in this example. Doing so produces significantly different results:
    This method shows that payback would not occur even after five years.
         Generally, a payback period of three years or less is desirable; if a project’s payback period is less than a year, some contend it should be judged essential.

    The ultimate business dictionary > payback period

  • 105 Dalen, Nils Gustav

    [br]
    b. 30 November 1869 Stenstorp, Sweden
    d. 9 December 1937 Stockholm, Sweden
    [br]
    Swedish physicist and engineer who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his "sun valve".
    [br]
    Nils Gustav Dalen is probably best known as the inventor of the solid-fuel Aga Cooker. He was confined at home for some time in the 1920s, having been blinded as the result of an accident, and found the time to consider the need for an efficient, clean, attractive-looking cooker that would be economical in fuel consumption. The resultant cooking range of 1924 was based on sound scientific principles, was simple to manage and needed a minimum of attention.
    The first Aga contained a cast-iron firebox enclosed in an insulated jacket of kieselguhr. The firebox was connected to cast-iron hotplates and ovens, all designed so that the heat was conducted to the various parts at precisely the correct temperatures for all types of cooking: simmering, boiling, roasting, baking and grilling. The hotplate heat was maintained at the desired temperature by way of insulated hinged covers that were lifted only when the hotplate was in use. The Aga was made in Sweden and was introduced into Britain in 1929. It was noted for being costly to purchase but inexpensive to run as no energy was wasted.
    Dalen is also known for his invention of the "sun valve", a device which, as required, automatically lighted or extinguished light beacons and buoys; this invention brought him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1912.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Dalen, Nils Gustav

  • 106 Holden, Sir Isaac

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 7 May 1807 Hurlet, between Paisley and Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 13 August 1897
    [br]
    British developer of the wool-combing machine.
    [br]
    Isaac Holden's father, who had the same name, had been a farmer and lead miner at Alston in Cumbria before moving to work in a coal-mine near Glasgow. After a short period at Kilbarchan grammar school, the younger Isaac was engaged first as a drawboy to two weavers and then, after the family had moved to Johnstone, Scotland, worked in a cotton-spinning mill while attending night school to improve his education. He was able to learn Latin and bookkeeping, but when he was about 15 he was apprenticed to an uncle as a shawl-weaver. This proved to be too much for his strength so he returned to scholastic studies and became Assistant to an able teacher, John Kennedy, who lectured on physics, chemistry and history, which he also taught to his colleague. The elder Isaac died in 1826 and the younger had to provide for his mother and younger brother, but in 1828, at the age of 21, he moved to a teaching post in Leeds. He filled similar positions in Huddersfield and Reading, where in October 1829 he invented and demonstrated the lucifer match but did not seek to exploit it. In 1830 he returned because of ill health to his mother in Scotland, where he began to teach again. However, he was recommended as a bookkeeper to William Townend, member of the firm of Townend Brothers, Cullingworth, near Bingley, Yorkshire. Holden moved there in November 1830 and was soon involved in running the mill, eventually becoming a partner.
    In 1833 Holden urged Messrs Townend to introduce seven wool-combing machines of Collier's designs, but they were found to be very imperfect and brought only trouble and loss. In 1836 Holden began experimenting on the machines until they showed reasonable success. He decided to concentrate entirely on developing the combing machine and in 1846 moved to Bradford to form an alliance with Samuel Lister. A joint patent in 1847 covered improvements to the Collier combing machine. The "square motion" imitated the action of the hand-comber more closely and was patented in 1856. Five more patents followed in 1857 and others from 1858 to 1862. Holden recommended that the machines should be introduced into France, where they would be more valuable for the merino trade. This venture was begun in 1848 in the joint partnership of Lister \& Holden, with equal shares of profits. Holden established a mill at Saint-Denis, first with Donisthorpe machines and then with his own "square motion" type. Other mills were founded at Rheims and at Croix, near Roubaix. In 1858 Lister decided to retire from the French concerns and sold his share to Holden. Soon after this, Holden decided to remodel all their machinery for washing and carding the gill machines as well as perfecting the square comb. Four years of excessive application followed, during which time £20,000 was spent in experiments in a small mill at Bradford. The result fully justified the expenditure and the Alston Works was built in Bradford.
    Holden was a Liberal and from 1865 to 1868 he represented Knaresborough in Parliament. Later he became the Member of Parliament for the Northern Division of the Riding, Yorkshire, and then for the town of Keighley after the constituencies had been altered. He was liberal in his support of religious, charitable and political objectives. His house at Oakworth, near Keighley, must have been one of the earliest to have been lit by electricity.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Baronet 1893.
    Bibliography
    1847, with Samuel Lister, British patent no. 11,896 (improved Collier combing machine). 1856. British patent no. 1,058 ("square motion" combing machine).
    1857. British patent no. 278 1857, British patent no. 279 1857, British patent no. 280 1857, British patent no. 281 1857, British patent no. 3,177 1858, British patent no. 597 1859, British patent no. 52 1860, British patent no. 810 1862, British patent no. 1,890 1862, British patent no. 3,394
    Further Reading
    J.Hogg (ed.), c.1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of Holden's life).
    Obituary, 1897, Engineer 84.
    Obituary, 1897, Engineering 64.
    E.M.Sigsworth, 1973, "Sir Isaac Holden, Bt: the first comber in Europe", in N.B.Harte and K.G.Ponting (eds), Textile History and Economic History, Essays in Honour of
    Miss Julia de Lacy Mann, Manchester.
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (provides a good explanation of the square motion combing machine).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Holden, Sir Isaac

  • 107 Salt, Sir Titus

    [br]
    b. 20 September 1803 Morley, Yorkshire, England
    d. 29 December 1876 Saltaire, Yorkshire, England
    [br]
    English industrialist, social reformer and entrepreneur who made his fortune by overcoming the problems of utilizing alpaca wool in the production of worsted, and established the early model town at Saltaire.
    [br]
    Titus Salt arrived in Bradford with his father, who was a wool merchant in the town, in 1822. He soon set up his own company and it was there that he experimented with the textile worsted. Alpaca wool comes from an animal of the camel family that resembles the llama, and flocks of domesticated breeds of the animal had been raised in the high Andes since the days of the Incas. The wool was introduced into Europe via Spain and, later, Germany and France. The first attempts to spin and weave the yarn in England were made in 1808, but despite experimentation over the years the material was difficult to work. It was in 1836 that Salt evolved his method of utilizing a cotton warp with part alpaca weft. The method proved a great success and Bradford gained a reputation as a manufacturing centre for alpaca wool, exporting both yarn and cloth in quantity, especially to the USA. By 1850 Salt, who owned six mills, was Bradford's biggest employer and was certainly its richest citizen. He decided to move out of the city and built a new mill works, the architects of which were Lockwood and Mawson, on the banks of the River Aire a few miles from the city. Around the works, between 1851 and 1871, he built houses, a hospital, library, church, institute and almshouses for his workers. The buildings were solid, good-standard structures of local stone and the houses were pleasantly situated, with their amenities making them seem palaces compared to the slums in which other Bradford textile workers lived at the time. The collection of buildings was the first example in Britain of a "model new town", and was, indeed still is, a remarkable prototype of its kind. Apart from being a philanthropist and social reformer, Salt was also concerned with taking advantage of the technical developments of his time. His mill works, which eventually covered ten acres of land, was of fashionably Italianate architectural style (its chimney even a copy of the campanile of the Church of Santa Maria Gloriosa in Venice), although its structure was of iron framing. The weaving shed held 1,200 looms and had capacity for 3,000 workers, who produced 30,000 yards of cloth per day. Water from the river was used to produce steam to power the matchinery used in the manufacturing processes of scouring, dyeing and finishing. For the export of goods, the nearby Leeds-Liverpool Canal linked the works to Britain's chief ports, and the Midland Railway (an extension of the LeedsBradford line which opened in 1846) was of great use for the same purpose.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Created Baronet 1869.
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of National Biography.
    Visitors Guide to Salt aire, Bradford City Council.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Salt, Sir Titus

  • 108 Senefelder, Alois

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of lithography.
    [br]
    Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.
    He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.
    He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.
    With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).
    Further Reading
    W.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.
    M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Senefelder, Alois

  • 109 консенсус

    консенсус м. полит. [konsensus]
    (согласие) consensus (term widely introduced into political lexicon by Mikhail Gorbatchev); --> консенсусный [konsensusnyi] см. консенсуальный

    Русско-английский словарь с пояснениями > консенсус

  • 110 διάκονος

    διάκονος, ου, ὁ, ἡ (s. διακονέω, διακονία; Trag., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 6:10 L, for δράκοντας; TestJud 14:2; Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat., Iren., Hippol.) gener. one who is busy with someth. in a manner that is of assistance to someone
    ① one who serves as an intermediary in a transaction, agent, intermediary, courier (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 298 of Rachel who brought Jacob to Laban; s. also Ant. 7, 201; 224 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 354 Elisha is Ἠλίου καὶ μαθητὴς καὶ δ.; Epigonos is δ. καὶ μαθητής of Noetus in Hippol., Ref. 9, 7, 1). Of a deity’s intermediaries: gener. θεοῦ δ. (Epict. 3, 24, 65 Diogenes as τοῦ Διὸς διάκονος; Achilles Tat. 3, 18, 5 δ. θεῶν; cp. Philo, De Jos. 241; Jos., Bell. 3, 354) 2 Cor 6:4; 1 Th 3:2 (cp. 1 Cor 3:5) s. below; Tit 1:9b v.l.; Hs 9, 15, 4; δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 11:23; Col 1:7; 1 Ti 4:6 (cp. Tat. 13, 3 δ. τοῦ πεπονθότος θεοῦ); of officials understood collectively as a political system agent ἡ ἐξουσία the (governmental) authorities as θεοῦ δ. Ro 13:4, here understood as a fem. noun (Heraclit. Sto. 28 p. 43, 15; of abstractions Epict. 2, 23, 8; 3, 7, 28). W. specific ref. to an aspect of the divine message: of apostles and other prominent Christians charged with its transmission (δ. τῆς διδασκαλίας Orig., C. Cels. 1, 62, 30) Col 1:23; Eph 3:7; δ. καινῆς διαθήκης 2 Cor 3:6; δ. δικαιοσύνης (opp. δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ) 2 Cor 11:15. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ God’s agent in the interest of the gospel 1 Th 3:2 v.l. (for συνεργός); cp. δ. χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ (if Timothy provides proper instruction he will be considered an admirable transmitter of the gospel tradition) 1 Ti 4:6; δ. ἐν κυρίῳ Eph 6:21; Col 1:25 indirectly as δ. ἐκκλησίας; of Christ as God’s agent δ. περιτομῆς for the circumcision=for descendants of Abraham, Ro 15:8. Cp. Phoebe Ro 16:1 and subscr. v.l.; of Tychicus as faithful courier Col 4:7 (Pla., Rep. 370e ‘intermediary, courier’; of Hermes, s. G Elderkin, Two Curse Inscriptions: Hesperia 6, ’37. 389, table 3, ln. 8; Jos., Ant. 7, 201; 224 al.).
    ② one who gets someth. done, at the behest of a superior, assistant to someone (the context determines whether the term, with or without the article ὁ, οἱ is used inclusively of women or exclusively) Mt 20:26; 23:11; Mk 10:43; of all 9:35; Pol 5:2. Of table attendants (X., Mem. 1, 5, 2; Polyb. 31, 4, 5; Lucian, Merc. Cond. 26; Athen. 7, 291a; 10, 420e; Jos., Ant. 6, 52) J 2:5, 9. Of a king’s retinue Mt 22:13.—Of Jesus’ adherents gener.: those in the service of Jesus J 12:26. Satirically, ἁμαρτίας δ. agent for sin Gal 2:17 (cp. the genitival constructions in 1 above; cp. Tat. 19, 2 of divination as instrument or medium for immoderate cravings πλεονεξιῶν … δ.). One who serves as assistant in a cultic context (Hdt. 4, 71, 4 ‘aide, retainer’; Pausanias 9, 82, 2 ‘attendants’) attendant, assistant, aide (the Eng. derivatives ‘deacon’ and ‘deaconess’ are technical terms, whose mng. varies in ecclesiastical history and are therefore inadequate for rendering NT usage of δ.) as one identified for special ministerial service in a Christian community (s. Just., A I, 65, 5; 67, 5; Iren. 1, 13, 5 [Harv. I 121, 6]; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22) esp. of males (the δ. as holder of a religious office outside Christianity: IMagnMai 109 [c. 100 B.C.]; IG IV, 474, 12; 824, 6; IX, 486, 18; CIG II, 1800, 1; 3037, 4; II addenda 1793b, 18 p. 982; Thieme 17f; MAI 27, 1902, p. 333f no. 8, 22) Phil 1:1 (EBest, Bishops and Deacons, TU 102, ’68, 371–76); 1 Ti 3:8, 12; 4:6; Tit 1:9a v.l.; Phlm subscr. v.l.; 1 Cl 42:4f (Is 60:17); Hv 3, 5, 1; Hs 9, 26, 2; IEph 2:1; IMg 2; 6:1; 13:1; ITr 2:3; 3:1; 7:2; IPhld: ins; 4; 7:1; 10:1f; 11:1; ISm 8:1; 10:1; 12:2; IPol 6:1; Pol 5:3; D 15:1.—Harnack, D. Lehre d. Zwölf Apostel: TU II 1; 2, 1884, 140ff, Entstehung u. Entwicklung d. Kirchenverfassung 1910, 40ff; FHort, The Christian Ecclesia 1898, 202–8; Ltzm., ZWT 55, 1913, 106–13=Kleine Schriften I, ’58, 148–53; HLauerer, D. ‘Diakonie’ im NT: NKZ 42, ’31, 315–26; WBrandt, Dienst u. Duienen im NT ’31 (diss. Münster: Diakonie u. das NT, 1923); RAC III, 888–99; JCollins, Diakonia ’90 (p. 254: ‘Care, concern, and love—those elements of meaning introduced into the interpretation of this word and its cognates by Wilhelm Brandt—are just not part of their field of meaning’.) Further lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος.—Since the responsibilities of Phoebe as διάκονος Ro 16:1 and subscr. v.l. seem to go beyond those of cultic attendants, male or female (for females in cultic settings: ministra, s. Pliny, Ep. 10, 96, 8; cp. CIG II 3037 διάκονος Τύχη; ἡ δ. Marcus Diaconus, Vi. Porphyr. p. 81, 6; MAI [s. above] 14, 1889, p. 210; Pel.-Leg. 11, 18; many documentary reff. in New Docs 4, 239f), the reff. in Ro are better classified 1, above (but s. DArchea, Bible Translator 39, ’88, 401–9). For the idea of woman’s service cp. Hv 2, 4, 3; hence Hs 9, 26, 2 may include women. Further lit. s.v. χήρα b.—Thieme 17f. B. 1334. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διάκονος

  • 111 νόμισμα

    νόμισμα, ατος, τό (νομίζω; primary mng. ‘anything sanctioned by common usage’: Aeschyl. et al.) money officially introduced into common use, coin (so Hdt., Aristoph. et al.; ins; PTebt 485 [II B.C.]; PGrenf II, 77, 8; 2 Esdr 17: 72 v.l.; 1 Macc 15:6; EpArist 33; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 33; Jos., Bell. 2, 592, Ant. 14, 371) τὸ ν. τοῦ κήνσου the coin for paying the tax Mt 22:19 (foll. by Just., A I, 17, 2 τίνος εἰκόνα τὸ ν. ἔχει;). Pl. (Herodian 1, 9, 7), as metaph. (Philo is also fond of such usage) νομίσματα δύο, ὸ̔ μὲν θεοῦ, ὸ̔ δὲ κόσμου two coinages, one of God and the other of the world of the believers and the unbelievers IMg 5:2.—B. 775. DELG s.v. νέμω Ic. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > νόμισμα

  • 112 анализ неопределенности (в экологическом менеджменте)

    1. uncertainty analysis

     

    анализ неопределенности (в экологическом менеджменте)
    Систематическая процедура установления и количественной оценки неопределенности в результатах инвентаризационного анализа жизненного цикла, обусловленной совокупным влиянием неопределенности входных потоков и изменчивости данных.Примечание. Для оценки неопределенности результатов используют  диапазоны или распределения вероятностей.
    [ http://www.14000.ru/glossary/main.php?PHPSESSID=25e3708243746ef7c85d0a8408d768af]

    EN

    uncertainty analysis
    Systematic procedure to ascertain and quantify the uncertainty introduced into the results of a life cycle inventory analysis due to the cumulative effects of input uncertainty and data variability.Note. Either ranges or probability distributions to determine uncertainty in the results.[ISO 14041]
    [ http://www.14000.ru/glossary/main.php?PHPSESSID=25e3708243746ef7c85d0a8408d768af]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > анализ неопределенности (в экологическом менеджменте)

  • 113 биологические меры борьбы с вредителями

    1. biological pest control

     

    биологические меры борьбы с вредителями
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    biological pest control
    Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest. (Source: LEE)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > биологические меры борьбы с вредителями

  • 114 оксиды азота

    1. nitrogen oxides

     

    оксиды азота
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    nitrogen oxides
    Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog. (Source: GILP96)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > оксиды азота

  • 115 проект закона

    1. law draft

     

    проект закона
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    law draft
    The form in which proposed statutes, resolutions or special acts are introduced into a legislative body, before they are enacted or passed. (Source: RHW)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > проект закона

  • 116 таможенные формальности, предшествующие подаче декларации на товары

    1. customs formalities prior to the lodgement of the goods declaration

     

    таможенные формальности, предшествующие подаче декларации на товары
    Все операции, подлежащие совершению лицом, которого это касается, и таможенной службой с момента прибытия товаров на таможенную территорию до помещения товаров под таможенную процедуру (Глава 1 Специального приложения А к Пересмотренной Киотской конвенции)
    [Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]

    EN

    customs formalities prior to the lodgement of the goods declaration
    All the operations to be carried out by the person concerned and by the Customs from the time goods are introduced into the Customs territory until goods are placed under a Customs procedure (Specific Annex A, Chapter 1, to the Revised Kyoto Convention)
    [Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2250]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > таможенные формальности, предшествующие подаче декларации на товары

  • 117 технология на основе рекомбинантной ДНК

    1. recombinant DNA technology

     

    технология на основе рекомбинантной ДНК
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    recombinant DNA technology
    Techniques and practical applications associated with recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid artificially introduced into a cell that alters the genotype and phenotype of the cell and is replicated along with the natural DNA). (Source: DELFIN / KOREN)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > технология на основе рекомбинантной ДНК

  • 118 כות

    כּוּת, כּוּתָהpr. n. pl. Cuth, Cuthah, a Babylonian town whence Assyrian colonists were introduced into Samaria (v. Schr. KAT2>, p. 278). Targ. 2 Kings 17:24; 30. Targ. Is. 34:9 דכות some ed. (ed. Lag. דרומי; missing in ed. Wil.)an inserted gloss, v. Lag. Prophetae I, p. XXX33>.v. כּוּתִי.

    Jewish literature > כות

  • 119 כותה

    כּוּת, כּוּתָהpr. n. pl. Cuth, Cuthah, a Babylonian town whence Assyrian colonists were introduced into Samaria (v. Schr. KAT2>, p. 278). Targ. 2 Kings 17:24; 30. Targ. Is. 34:9 דכות some ed. (ed. Lag. דרומי; missing in ed. Wil.)an inserted gloss, v. Lag. Prophetae I, p. XXX33>.v. כּוּתִי.

    Jewish literature > כותה

  • 120 כּוּת

    כּוּת, כּוּתָהpr. n. pl. Cuth, Cuthah, a Babylonian town whence Assyrian colonists were introduced into Samaria (v. Schr. KAT2>, p. 278). Targ. 2 Kings 17:24; 30. Targ. Is. 34:9 דכות some ed. (ed. Lag. דרומי; missing in ed. Wil.)an inserted gloss, v. Lag. Prophetae I, p. XXX33>.v. כּוּתִי.

    Jewish literature > כּוּת

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