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1 BAUGR
(-s, -ar), m.1) ring, armlet (of gold or silver) worn on the wrist, esp. the sacred ring (stallahringr) on the altar in heathen temples, cf. baugeiðr;2) in olden times, before minted gold or silver came into use, such rings were commonly used as a medium of payment; hence ‘baugr’ simply means money;3) fine of varying amount for manslaughter, weregild;4) gaff-hook?5) in the phrase, eiga (kost) á baugi, to have a (single) chance left; ef sá væri á. baugi, if there were no other chance; þú munt eiga slíkan á baugi brátt, thou wilt soon have the very same chance or lot (viz. death);* * *m. [the root bjúg—baug—bog; A. S. beág; O. H. G. pouc = armilla; lost in N. H. G. and in Engl.]I. a ring, armlet, esp. in olden times to be worn on the wrist plain, without stones:α. the sacred temple ring (stallahringr) on the altar in heathen temples; all oaths were’ to be made by laying the hand upon the temple ring; at sacrificial banquets it was to be dipped in the blood, and was to be worn by the priest at all meetings. The ring was either of gold or silver, open (mótlaus), its weight varying between two, three, and twenty ounces (the last is the reading of Eb. new Ed. p. 6, v. 1., the classical passages in the Sagas are—Eb. l. c. (and cp. 44), Glúm. 388, Landn. (Hb.) 258, Þórð. S. 94 (Ed. 1860); cp. also the note at the end of the new Ed. of Eb., referring to an interesting essay of the Norse Prof. Holmboe upon the matter, Christiania, A. D. 1864.β. baugr is at present in Icel. used of a spiral ring without a stone (e. g. a wedding ring); the third finger is called baugfingr, transl. from Lat. digitus annuli, for the wearing of wedding rings is not in use in Icel. (unless as a Dan. imitation). Icel. also say einbaugr, tvibaugr, a single or double spiral ring.II. metaph. in olden times, before minted gold or silver came into use, the metals were rolled up in spiral-formed rings, and pieces cut off and weighed were used as a medium of payment; hence, in old times, baugr simply means money, used in the poets in numberless compounds; hringum hreytti, hjó sundr baug, Rm. 35; cp. baugbroti, baugskyndir, baugskati, baughati, one who breaks, throws, hates gold, epithets of princes, etc., v. Lex. Poët. A. S. poetry abounds in epithets such as, beaggeafa, dator auri; the Heliand speaks of ‘vunden gold.’ In the law the payment of weregild is particularly called baugr, v. the compounds: baugatal is the Icel. section of law treating of the weregild, Grág. ii. 171–188; höfuôbaugr, lögbaugr ( a legal baug, lawful payment). In the Norse law vide esp. N. G. L. i. 74 sqq., 184 sqq.2. the painted circle on the round shield (clypeus); á fornum skjöldum var títt at skrifa rönd þá er b. var kallaðr, ok er við þann baug skildir kendir, Edda 87, Eg. 699; often embellished with scenes from the mythical age. Some poems arc preserved or on record, describing such shields, two Berudrápur by Egil (bera, a shield), Haustlöng by Thjodolf, Ragnarsdrápa by Bragi Gamli (of the 9th and 10th centuries). Some of these poems were among the chief sources used by Snorri in composing the Edda. The shield is metaph. called baugr, Edda (Gl.)3. a fish-hook; man eigi þú draga Leviathan á öngli eðr bora kiðr hans með baugi (very rare, if not an απ. λεγ.), Post. 686 C. 2.4. the phrase, eiga (kost) á baugi, to have (a single) chance left; þótti þat vera et mesta hætturáð at berjast, en sá mun á baugi, ef eigi er sæzt, there will be no other chance unless we come to terms, Sturl. iii. 244; þú munt eiga slíkan á baugi brátt, thou wilt soon have the very same chance (viz. death), the turn will come to thee, Nj. 58; nú mun ek eiga þann á baugi, at …, there will be no other chance for me, than …, Orkn. 46; cp. einbeygðr kostr, dira necessitas, 58; kvaðst þá heldr vilja liggja hjá henni, ef sá væri á baugi, if there were no other chance, Fas. ii. 150. The explanation of this metaphor is doubtful, cp. Vkv. verses 5 and 7 (?), or is the metaphor taken from the weregild?5. baugr also occurs in mod. usage in many compds, astron. and mathem., spor-baugr, the ecliptic; hádegisbaugr, a meridian.COMPDS: baugabrot, baugamaðr, baugatal, baugshelgi. -
2 baugr
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3 brœðrungs-baugr
and bræðrunga-baugr, m. the share of weregild due to first cousins, N. G. L. i. 75, Grág, ii. 185. -
4 ein-baugr
m. a single ring, opp. to tví-baugr, a double ring. -
5 höfuð-baugr
m. the head-ring, in weregild. see baugr, a law term in Grág. ii. 171. -
6 lög-baugr
m. a ‘law-ring,’ cp. baugr (II), the payment of weregild, Grág. ii. 171. -
7 arm-baugr
m. an armlet, Ls. 13. -
8 fjör-baugr
m. ‘life-money,’ a law term, a fee amounting to a mark, to be paid by a convict of the lesser degree to the executive court (féránsdómr); and if this was not paid, the convict was henceforth a full outlaw::—hence the convict is called fjörbaugs-maðr and the lesser outlawry or conviction fjörbaugs-garðr, m., because within a fixed space (garðr), the convict was safe, having paid the life-money, vide esp. Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 32 sqq., ch. 40, Nj. 240, and the Sagas and laws passim. In two passages, viz. Flóam. S. ch. 10 and Glúma ch. 24, fjörbaugsgarðr is used in the same sense as þing-helgi, q. v., viz. of the sacred boundary of a meeting, regarded by the heathens as a sanctuary, cp. Eb. ch. 4 fine; in the Edit. of Flóam. S. the passage ‘til Lóns’ is false, the probable reading being ‘til Lopz,’ i. e. Lopts; in the old MS. Vatnshyrna the shank of the p was prob. obliterated so as to make it look like n, and so one transcriber read ‘Lóns,’ another ‘Jóns;’ the reading ‘Lopts’ is born out by the historical context, cp. also Landn. 5, ch. 8; the word fjörbaugr is diffusely commented on in H. E. i. 137 sqq.COMPDS: fjörbaugssekt, fjörbaugssök. -
9 gull-baugr
m. a gold ring, Edda 72, 75, Gullþ. 23, Fas. iii. 44. -
10 himin-baugr
m. = himinhringr, Jónas 53. -
11 rán-baugr
m. a Norse law term, a fine payable to the king for unlawful seizure or holding of property; eyksk landnám at hálfu en ránbaug konungi, N. G. L. i. 44; ok konungi hálfa mörk í ránbaug, Jb. 321 (Js. 96). -
12 rosa-baugr
m. a halo round the sun. -
13 slan-baugr
m. a ‘sloth-fine,’ the fine due to the king from a person who looks on at an assault without interfering, N. G. L. i. 68. -
14 spor-baugr
m. an elliptic ring, (mod.) -
15 þræl-baugr
m. money paid as weregild for a thrall, Grág. ii. 185. -
16 arm·baugr
m.браслет, запястье -
17 bróður·baugr
m.вира, подлежащая выплате брату -
18 eir·baugr
-
19 gull·baugr
-
20 silfr·baugr
См. также в других словарях:
Буг — I I: Западный Буг – правый приток Вислы, др. русск. Буг (Сказ. о Бор. и Глебе; см. Абрамович 45), польск. Bug, откуда местн. н. Busk, др. русск. Бужьскъ, ср. лат. Bug (Козьма Пражский). Приводят свидетельство Гервазия Тильбургского (XII в.) о том … Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера
гривна — фунт, золотая или серебряная нашейная медаль , укр. гривна, блр. грывня, др. русск. гривьна ожерелье, кольцо, гиря, монета , болг. гривна браслет , сербохорв. гри̑вна – то же, чеш. hřivna полфунта , польск. grzywna монета, штраф , в. луж. hriwna … Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера
Alte Maße und Gewichte (Norwegen) — Es gibt für die alten Maße in Norwegen keine einheitlichen Werte. Sie variierten stark von Landschaft zu Landschaft und im Laufe der Zeit. Deshalb wäre eine Umrechnungstabelle irreführend. Zum anderen wurde nicht zwischen Wert, Gewicht und Fläche … Deutsch Wikipedia
Andwari — Vielleicht eine Darstellung Andvaris. Runenstein von Drävle. Andwari, auch Andvari oder Andawari, ist ein Zwerg der nordischen Mythologie, der dem Zwerg Alberich aus der Nibelungensage entspricht. Inhaltsverzeichni … Deutsch Wikipedia
Skandinavien — Skandinavien, Gesammtname der drei nordischen Reiche Dänemark, Schweden u. Norwegen nebst Island (s.d. a.). Dem Namen nach war S. schon den Alten bekannt, doch hielten sie die damit bezeichneten Ländereien für mehre große, von germanischen… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
bee — bee1 beelike, adj. /bee/, n. 1. any hymenopterous insect of the superfamily Apoidea, including social and solitary species of several families, as the bumblebees, honeybees, etc. 2. the common honeybee, Apis mellifera. 3. a community social… … Universalium
bague — (ba gh ) s. f. 1° Anneau que l on met au doigt. • En cette bague au moins reçois de mon honneur Et de ma passion un véritable gage, ROTR. Bélis. II, 16. • J ai rencontré un orfévre qui, sur le bruit que vous cherchiez quelque beau diamant… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
bau — (bô) s. m. Terme de marine. Nom donné à chacune des poutres qui, placées en travers, soutiennent les planchers ou ponts des navires. Le maître bau, le plus long des baux, celui qui dans la construction est placé à peu près à la moitié de la… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
