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21 function
1) функция; назначение2) работать, функционировать, действовать•- admittance functionbetween functions — между операциями, в периоды между операциями
- advanced CAD function
- alert function
- analytic function
- assumed function
- auxiliary function
- averaged function
- basis function
- characteristic function
- chip-carrying function
- closed-loop transfer function
- complementary function
- control function
- coupling function
- custom macro function
- cut-and-paste function
- decision function
- describing function
- descriptive function
- Dirac function
- dispatching functions
- dissipative function
- distribution function
- dynamic transfer function
- error transfer function
- evaluation function
- explicit function
- feed forward function
- feed function
- feedback transfer function
- force function
- forward transfer function
- frequency distribution function
- frequency function
- frequency response function
- given function
- Hamiltonian function
- hindrance function
- holding function
- implicit function
- influence function
- input function
- instantly posted function
- interface functions
- interrelated functions
- interstage function
- inverse function
- involute function
- IPG function
- jump function
- key hardware functions
- key software functions
- kitting function
- look-ahead function
- machine-dependent functions
- machine-incorporated functions
- machining time monitoring function
- memory-related functions
- meshing error function
- message function
- metering function
- miscellaneous functions
- monitored function
- monitoring function
- neural transfer function
- noncomputable function
- objective function
- offsetting function
- open-loop transfer function
- operational functions
- optimal decision function
- output function
- overall transfer function
- penalty function
- peripheral functions
- pick-and-place functions
- position function
- positioning function
- power function
- preparatory G-function
- primary function
- probability density function
- probability distribution function
- profit function
- programming-planning functions
- programming-related functions
- qualitative functions
- ramp function
- random function
- restorative function
- return transfer function
- robot-dependent functions
- safety function
- sensor-motor function
- sigma function
- sigmoid function
- spindle speed function
- spindle-await function
- standby function
- step function
- storage function
- support function
- switching function
- system function
- target function
- tool function
- transfer function
- unit-impulse function
- unit-pulse function
- unit-step function
- universal function
- universal miscellaneous functions
- weight function
- weighting function
- window function
- zero-order function
- zero-return function
- zero-set functionEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > function
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22 Walsh function basis
Макаров: базис функций Уолша -
23 Walsh function basis
English-russian dictionary of physics > Walsh function basis
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24 BF
1) Компьютерная техника: Big File, Blank Filling, Block Fill, Bold Font, Boot Floppy, Bridging Fault, Brute Force2) Медицина: онкогенный фактор (blastogenic factor)3) Американизм: Before Founding4) Спорт: Ball Face, Before Fall5) Военный термин: Ballast Factor, Battle Field, Before The Fall, Bomb Factory, Bomb Finder, British Forces, Burst Fire, backup forces, base fuze, battle fatigue, bayonet fighting, blind flying, block fuel, blue force6) Техника: Broken Freezer, Bronze Fitted, back feed, back focal, ballistic focusing, band filter, bandpass filter, bandwidth factor, beam forming, bearing finder, binary function, branching filter, breakdown field, broad fraction of light hydrocarbons, feedback7) Сельское хозяйство: Blend Factor8) Шутливое выражение: Brace Face, Broadband Forever9) Математика: Basis Function, Bayes Formula, Best Fit, Boundary Fitted, Branching Factor10) Религия: Bahai Faith11) Юридический термин: Baby's Father, Black Female, Body Found, Burglary Fire12) Бухгалтерия: Bankruptcy Failure13) Грубое выражение: Big And Fat, Big Fat, Big Fool, Bitchy Fit, Buck Fuck, Butt Fat, Butt Fucker, Butt Fucking14) Металлургия: blast furnace, доменная печь, домна15) Политика: Bahamas16) Телевидение: burst flag17) Сокращение: Back-Feed, Base Fuzed, Battle Force, Black Friday, Bomber-Fighter, Booking Fees, Burkina Faso, backface, beat frequency, bell and flange, boiler feed, boldface type, both faces18) Физика: Back And Forth19) Физиология: Before Food, Blood flow, Bodily Function, Bone Fragment, Breastfeeding, Burn Factor20) Шахматы: Bobby Fischer21) Электроника: Brightfield23) Нефть: barrels of fluid, buoyant factor, число баррелей флюида (barrels of fluid)24) Банковское дело: перенесённый на другой счёт (brought forward), British Funds (первоклассные или гарантированные ценные бумаги (преим. государственные))25) Пищевая промышленность: Boiled Feet26) Упаковка: фактор разрывного сопротивления, burst factor27) Фирменный знак: Bharat Forge, Brown And Forsythe28) Холодильная техника: bypass factor29) СМИ: Bound Form30) Деловая лексика: Bankrupt Firm, Big Foot, перенесённый на следующую страницу (brought forward)31) Бурение: баррелей флюида (barrels of fluid)32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: broad fraction (of light hydrocarbons)33) Инвестиции: brought forward34) Сетевые технологии: Browser File35) Полимеры: bulk factor36) Программирование: Bit Field, Bring Forward, Busy Flag37) Сахалин Ю: broad fraction, flare gas38) Механизмы: подвесной (bearing-free)39) Расширение файла: Bad Flag40) Электротехника: base fuse, bottom face, breaker failure41) Фантастика Blade Fury42) Имена и фамилии: Benjamin Franklin43) Должность: Bad Fisherman, Best Friend44) Чат: Best Friends, Bisexual Female, Boy Friend45) Программное обеспечение: Bug Fix46) Единицы измерений: Board Foot47) Базы данных: Box Fill -
25 Bf
1) Компьютерная техника: Big File, Blank Filling, Block Fill, Bold Font, Boot Floppy, Bridging Fault, Brute Force2) Медицина: онкогенный фактор (blastogenic factor)3) Американизм: Before Founding4) Спорт: Ball Face, Before Fall5) Военный термин: Ballast Factor, Battle Field, Before The Fall, Bomb Factory, Bomb Finder, British Forces, Burst Fire, backup forces, base fuze, battle fatigue, bayonet fighting, blind flying, block fuel, blue force6) Техника: Broken Freezer, Bronze Fitted, back feed, back focal, ballistic focusing, band filter, bandpass filter, bandwidth factor, beam forming, bearing finder, binary function, branching filter, breakdown field, broad fraction of light hydrocarbons, feedback7) Сельское хозяйство: Blend Factor8) Шутливое выражение: Brace Face, Broadband Forever9) Математика: Basis Function, Bayes Formula, Best Fit, Boundary Fitted, Branching Factor10) Религия: Bahai Faith11) Юридический термин: Baby's Father, Black Female, Body Found, Burglary Fire12) Бухгалтерия: Bankruptcy Failure13) Грубое выражение: Big And Fat, Big Fat, Big Fool, Bitchy Fit, Buck Fuck, Butt Fat, Butt Fucker, Butt Fucking14) Металлургия: blast furnace, доменная печь, домна15) Политика: Bahamas16) Телевидение: burst flag17) Сокращение: Back-Feed, Base Fuzed, Battle Force, Black Friday, Bomber-Fighter, Booking Fees, Burkina Faso, backface, beat frequency, bell and flange, boiler feed, boldface type, both faces18) Физика: Back And Forth19) Физиология: Before Food, Blood flow, Bodily Function, Bone Fragment, Breastfeeding, Burn Factor20) Шахматы: Bobby Fischer21) Электроника: Brightfield23) Нефть: barrels of fluid, buoyant factor, число баррелей флюида (barrels of fluid)24) Банковское дело: перенесённый на другой счёт (brought forward), British Funds (первоклассные или гарантированные ценные бумаги (преим. государственные))25) Пищевая промышленность: Boiled Feet26) Упаковка: фактор разрывного сопротивления, burst factor27) Фирменный знак: Bharat Forge, Brown And Forsythe28) Холодильная техника: bypass factor29) СМИ: Bound Form30) Деловая лексика: Bankrupt Firm, Big Foot, перенесённый на следующую страницу (brought forward)31) Бурение: баррелей флюида (barrels of fluid)32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: broad fraction (of light hydrocarbons)33) Инвестиции: brought forward34) Сетевые технологии: Browser File35) Полимеры: bulk factor36) Программирование: Bit Field, Bring Forward, Busy Flag37) Сахалин Ю: broad fraction, flare gas38) Механизмы: подвесной (bearing-free)39) Расширение файла: Bad Flag40) Электротехника: base fuse, bottom face, breaker failure41) Фантастика Blade Fury42) Имена и фамилии: Benjamin Franklin43) Должность: Bad Fisherman, Best Friend44) Чат: Best Friends, Bisexual Female, Boy Friend45) Программное обеспечение: Bug Fix46) Единицы измерений: Board Foot47) Базы данных: Box Fill -
26 bf
1) Компьютерная техника: Big File, Blank Filling, Block Fill, Bold Font, Boot Floppy, Bridging Fault, Brute Force2) Медицина: онкогенный фактор (blastogenic factor)3) Американизм: Before Founding4) Спорт: Ball Face, Before Fall5) Военный термин: Ballast Factor, Battle Field, Before The Fall, Bomb Factory, Bomb Finder, British Forces, Burst Fire, backup forces, base fuze, battle fatigue, bayonet fighting, blind flying, block fuel, blue force6) Техника: Broken Freezer, Bronze Fitted, back feed, back focal, ballistic focusing, band filter, bandpass filter, bandwidth factor, beam forming, bearing finder, binary function, branching filter, breakdown field, broad fraction of light hydrocarbons, feedback7) Сельское хозяйство: Blend Factor8) Шутливое выражение: Brace Face, Broadband Forever9) Математика: Basis Function, Bayes Formula, Best Fit, Boundary Fitted, Branching Factor10) Религия: Bahai Faith11) Юридический термин: Baby's Father, Black Female, Body Found, Burglary Fire12) Бухгалтерия: Bankruptcy Failure13) Грубое выражение: Big And Fat, Big Fat, Big Fool, Bitchy Fit, Buck Fuck, Butt Fat, Butt Fucker, Butt Fucking14) Металлургия: blast furnace, доменная печь, домна15) Политика: Bahamas16) Телевидение: burst flag17) Сокращение: Back-Feed, Base Fuzed, Battle Force, Black Friday, Bomber-Fighter, Booking Fees, Burkina Faso, backface, beat frequency, bell and flange, boiler feed, boldface type, both faces18) Физика: Back And Forth19) Физиология: Before Food, Blood flow, Bodily Function, Bone Fragment, Breastfeeding, Burn Factor20) Шахматы: Bobby Fischer21) Электроника: Brightfield23) Нефть: barrels of fluid, buoyant factor, число баррелей флюида (barrels of fluid)24) Банковское дело: перенесённый на другой счёт (brought forward), British Funds (первоклассные или гарантированные ценные бумаги (преим. государственные))25) Пищевая промышленность: Boiled Feet26) Упаковка: фактор разрывного сопротивления, burst factor27) Фирменный знак: Bharat Forge, Brown And Forsythe28) Холодильная техника: bypass factor29) СМИ: Bound Form30) Деловая лексика: Bankrupt Firm, Big Foot, перенесённый на следующую страницу (brought forward)31) Бурение: баррелей флюида (barrels of fluid)32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: broad fraction (of light hydrocarbons)33) Инвестиции: brought forward34) Сетевые технологии: Browser File35) Полимеры: bulk factor36) Программирование: Bit Field, Bring Forward, Busy Flag37) Сахалин Ю: broad fraction, flare gas38) Механизмы: подвесной (bearing-free)39) Расширение файла: Bad Flag40) Электротехника: base fuse, bottom face, breaker failure41) Фантастика Blade Fury42) Имена и фамилии: Benjamin Franklin43) Должность: Bad Fisherman, Best Friend44) Чат: Best Friends, Bisexual Female, Boy Friend45) Программное обеспечение: Bug Fix46) Единицы измерений: Board Foot47) Базы данных: Box Fill -
27 RBF
1) Военный термин: retarded bomb fuze2) Техника: radial basis/bias functions, report-by-form3) Шутливое выражение: Rail Baron Fanatic4) Религия: Rochester Bible Fellowship5) Сокращение: Remove Before Flight6) Физика: Radial Basis Function7) Физиология: Rat- Bite Fever8) Иммунология: renal blood flow9) Фирменный знак: Reel Big Fish10) Общественная организация: Retired Boxers Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund11) Аэропорты: Big Bear, California USA -
28 RBF
1) [radial basis function] радиальная базисная функция, функция ядра ( тип активационной функции искусственного нейрона)2) [radial basis functions]а) алгоритм обучения (искусственных) нейронных сетей с-использованием радиальных базисных функций, RBf-алгоритмб) (искусственная) нейронная сеть с-обучением на-основе радиальных базисных функций, RBf-сеть -
29 RBF
1) сокр. от radial basis function радиальная базисная функция, функция ядра ( тип активационной функции искусственного нейрона)2) сокр. от radial basis functionsа) алгоритм обучения (искусственных) нейронных сетей с использованием радиальных базисных функций, RBF-алгоритмб) (искусственная) нейронная сеть с обучением на основе радиальных базисных функций, RBF-сетьThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > RBF
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30 базисная функция
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > базисная функция
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31 ARBF
Высокочастотная электроника: adaptive radial basis function -
32 SVM-RBF
Биотехнология: Support vector machine with radial-basis function -
33 NRBF
= normalized Gaussian radial basis function1) нормализованная гауссова радиальная базисная функция, нормализованная гауссова функция ядра ( тип активационной функции искусственного нейрона)2) pl алгоритм обучения (искусственных) нейронных сетей с-использованием нормализованных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, нормализованный гауссов RBf-алгоритм3) pl (искусственная) нейронная сеть с-обучением на-основе нормализованных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, нормализованная гауссова RBf-сеть -
34 ORBF
= ordinary Gaussian radial basis function1) обычная гауссова радиальная базисная функция, обычная гауссова функция ядра ( тип активационной функции искусственного нейрона)2) pl алгоритм обучения (искусственных) нейронных сетей с-использованием обычных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, обычный гауссов RBf-алгоритм3) pl (искусственная) нейронная сеть с-обучением на-основе обычных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, обычная гауссова RBf-сеть -
35 NRBF
сокр. от normalized Gaussian radial basis function1) нормализованная гауссова радиальная базисная функция, нормализованная гауссова функция ядра ( тип активационной функции искусственного нейрона)2) pl. алгоритм обучения (искусственных) нейронных сетей с использованием нормализованных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, нормализованный гауссов RBF-алгоритм3) pl. (искусственная) нейронная сеть с обучением на основе нормализованных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, нормализованная гауссова RBF-сетьThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > NRBF
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36 ORBF
сокр. от ordinary Gaussian radial basis function1) обычная гауссова радиальная базисная функция, обычная гауссова функция ядра ( тип активационной функции искусственного нейрона)2) pl. алгоритм обучения (искусственных) нейронных сетей с использованием обычных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, обычный гауссов RBF-алгоритм3) pl. (искусственная) нейронная сеть с обучением на основе обычных гауссовых радиальных базисных функций, обычная гауссова RBF-сетьThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > ORBF
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37 multiplicative
мультипликативный completely multiplicative function ≈ вполне мультипликативная функция countably multiplicative function ≈ счетно мультипликативная функция exponentially multiplicative function ≈ экспоненциально мультипликативная функция multiplicative inverse matrix ≈ мультипликативно обратная матрица multiplicative random variable ≈ мультипликативная случайная величина strongly multiplicative system ≈ сильно мультипликативная система totally multiplicative function ≈ вполне мультипликативная функция unitary multiplicative commutator ≈ унитарный мультипликативный коммутатор - completely multiplicative - multiplicative algorithm - multiplicative arithmetic - multiplicative association - multiplicative axiom - multiplicative base - multiplicative basis - multiplicative calculation - multiplicative category - multiplicative character - multiplicative class - multiplicative closure - multiplicative commutation - multiplicative commutator - multiplicative composition - multiplicative congruence - multiplicative constant - multiplicative control - multiplicative convolution - multiplicative covering - multiplicative decomposition - multiplicative derivative - multiplicative distribution - multiplicative exave - multiplicative filtration - multiplicative form - multiplicative function - multiplicative functional - multiplicative group - multiplicative groupoid - multiplicative homomorphism - multiplicative ideal - multiplicative idempotent - multiplicative identity - multiplicative induction - multiplicative inequality - multiplicative integral - multiplicative interaction - multiplicative inverse - multiplicative inversion - multiplicative lattice - multiplicative model - multiplicative monoid - multiplicative noise - multiplicative nonadditivity - multiplicative norm - multiplicative number - multiplicative object - multiplicative operator - multiplicative order - multiplicative parameter - multiplicative process - multiplicative property - multiplicative representation - multiplicative rule - multiplicative semigroup - multiplicative semilattice - multiplicative set - multiplicative stability - multiplicative structure - multiplicative subgraph - multiplicative subset - multiplicative symmetry - multiplicative system - multiplicative tensor - multiplicative theor - multiplicative transformation - multiplicative utility - multiplicative variety - strongly multiplicative - totally multiplicative мультипликативный, увеличивающий увеличивающийся размножающийся;
относящийся к размножению - * stage стадия размножения (насекомых)Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > multiplicative
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38 circuit
2) канал3) т. граф. простая цепь, контур•- active circuit
- acyclic circuit
- adding circuit
- add circuit
- addressing circuit
- advancing circuit
- alarm circuit
- amplifying circuit
- analogous circuit
- analog circuit
- AND-to-OR circuit
- antialiasing circuit
- anticoincidence circuit
- antihunting circuit
- antihunt circuit
- aperiodic circuit
- arithmetic circuit
- arithmetical circuit
- astable circuit
- averaging circuit
- balanced circuit
- basis circuit
- beam-lead integrated circuit
- benchmark circuit
- binary-valued digital circuit
- binary-valued circuit
- bipolar circuit
- bistable circuit
- blanking circuit
- bleeder circuit
- bridge circuit
- buffer circuit
- carry circuit
- character selection circuit
- checking circuit
- check circuit
- clamping circuit
- clocked circuit
- clock-recovery circuit
- closed circuit
- code disjoint circuit
- coincidence circuit
- combinational circuit
- combinatorial circuit
- communication circuit
- comparator circuit
- compare circuit
- comparison circuit
- complementary circuit
- complementary integrated circuit
- complementary transistor logic circuit
- complex function circuit
- computer circuit
- computer test circuit
- computing circuit
- control circuit
- core-diode circuit
- core-transistor circuit
- correcting circuit
- correction circuit
- counter circuit
- counting circuit
- coupling circuit
- current-limit circuit
- current-operated circuit
- current-summation circuit
- custom product integrated circuit
- custom integrated circuit
- custom-wired integrated circuit
- cutoff circuit
- cycle circuit
- cyclic circuit
- dead-on-arrival integrated circuit
- decode circuit
- decoding circuit
- deenergizing circuit
- deflection circuit
- delay circuit
- densely packed circuit
- differentiating circuit
- digital computing circuit
- diode circuit
- diode-coupled circuit
- diode-transistor logic circuit
- direct-coupled circuit
- direct-coupled transistor logic circuit
- direct-current circuit
- discrete component circuit
- discrete logic-level
- discrete wired circuit
- display circuit
- divide-by-two circuit
- dividing circuit
- double-sided printed circuit
- doubling circuit
- drive circuit
- dry circuit
- dual circuit
- duplex circuit
- Eccles-Jordan circuit
- edge-activated circuit
- emitter-coupled circuit
- emitter-coupled logic circuit
- emitter-emitter-coupled logic circuit
- equality circuit
- equivalent circuit
- etched circuit
- Euler circuit
- except circuit
- fanout-free circuit
- fast-switching circuit
- fault detection circuit
- fault-free circuit
- fault-secure circuit
- faulty circuit
- feedback circuit
- ferrite-diode circuit
- ferrite-transistor circuit
- ferroresonant computing circuit
- film integrated circuit
- flag-testing circuit
- flat-pack integrated circuit
- flexible printed circuit
- flexible circuit
- flip-chip integrated circuit
- flip-flop circuit
- frame-grounding circuit
- frequency-halving circuit
- function circuit
- gate circuit
- Goto-pair circuit
- half-duplex circuit
- halving circuit
- Hamilton circuit
- hand-designed circuit
- hardwired circuit
- high-speed circuit
- high-threshold logic circuit
- holding circuit
- hybrid circuit
- idler circuit
- imbedded circuit
- IMOS circuit
- impulse circuit
- inhibit circuit
- input circuit
- integrated circuit
- integrating circuit
- integro-differential circuit
- interchange circuit
- interface circuit
- interfacing circuit
- interlock circuit
- invert circuit
- ion-implanted MOS circuit
- irredundant circuit
- Josephson integrated circuit
- junction transistor circuit
- ladder circuit
- lag-lead circuit
- laminar circuit
- large arithmetic circuit
- large-scale integrated circuit
- large-scale integration circuit
- latch circuit
- lead-lag circuit
- leased circuit
- level circuit
- linear circuit
- linear integrated circuit
- linearity circuit
- liquid logic circuit
- load circuit
- locked pair circuit
- locking circuit
- logic circuit
- logical circuit
- low-threshold integrated circuit
- LSI circuit
- lumped circuit
- magnetic circuit
- magnetic-core circuit
- majority circuit
- match circuit
- material equivalence circuit
- matrix circuit
- maximum-remembering circuit
- measuring circuit
- medium-scale integration circuit
- memory circuit
- memory-decoder circuit
- message circuit
- metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit
- microamp circuit
- microelectronic integrated circuit
- microminiature circuit
- microwave circuit
- mil spec integrated circuit
- milliwatt circuit
- miniature circuit
- minimum-remembering circuit
- mixed-level circuit
- mixing circuit
- modularized circuit
- molecular integrated circuit
- monitoring circuit
- monolithic integrated circuit
- monostable circuit
- MOS circuit
- MOS integrated circuit
- MOS LSI circuit
- MSI circuit
- multichip integrated circuit
- multifunction integrated circuit
- multilayer circuit
- multilevel circuit
- multiple output circuit
- multiplying circuit
- multipoint circuit
- multistable circuit
- multistage circuit
- nanosecond circuit
- n-channel circuit
- network circuit
- noise-balancing circuit
- noncoincidence circuit
- noncutoff circuit
- non-self-checking circuit
- one-core-per-bit circuit
- one-generator equivalent circuit
- one-out-of-four selecting circuit
- one-shot circuit
- open circuit
- optical commutation circuit
- optical memory circuit
- optically coupled circuit
- optoelectronic circuit
- output circuit
- packaged circuit
- packed circuit
- p-channel circuit
- phantom circuit
- phase-comparison circuit
- phase-inverting circuit
- picosecond circuit
- pilot circuit
- plastic-embedded circuit
- point-to-point circuit
- power circuit
- power monitoring circuit
- power-fail circuit
- printed circuit
- priority circuit
- propagation circuit
- protection circuit
- pulse circuit
- pulse-actuated circuit
- pulse-broadening circuit
- pulse-regenerating circuit
- pulse-shaping circuit
- pulse-stretching circuit
- pulse-switching circuit
- pumped tunnel-diode transistor logic circuit
- pumping circuit
- quenching circuit
- race-free circuit
- radio-frequency circuit
- random-logic circuit
- ratioed circuit
- reading circuit
- received-data circuit
- receiving circuit
- reconfigurable integrated circuit
- redundant circuit
- reference circuit
- refreshing circuit
- relaxation circuit
- reset circuit
- retriggerable circuit
- rewriting circuit
- ring circuit
- rounding circuit
- sample-hold circuit
- saturated circuit
- scale-of-N circuit
- scale-of-two circuit
- scaling circuit
- schematic circuit
- Schmitt trigger circuit
- Schmitt circuit
- screen printed circuit
- selection circuit
- select circuit
- self-checking circuit
- self-testing circuit
- self-timed circuit
- semiconductor circuit
- send-request circuit
- sequential circuit
- shifting circuit
- shift circuit
- short circuit
- shunt-peaking circuit
- sign-controlled circuit
- silicon integrated circuit
- silicon-on-sapphire integrated circuit
- simplex circuit
- single-chip circuit
- single-ended circuit
- single-level circuit
- single-phase circuit
- single-shot circuit
- small-scale integration circuit
- solid-state circuit
- solid circuit
- SOS integrated circuit
- squaring circuit
- SSI circuit
- stabilizing circuit
- stamped circuit
- start-stop circuit
- steering circuit
- storage circuit
- storage-selection circuit
- strongly fault-secure circuit
- subtraction circuit
- summing circuit
- sweep circuit
- switching circuit
- symbolic circuit
- synchronizing circuit
- synthesis circuit
- thick-film circuit
- thin-film circuit
- threshold circuit
- time-anticoincidence circuit
- time-base circuit
- time-coincidence circuit
- time-delay circuit
- toll circuit
- totally self-checking circuit
- transistor circuit
- transistor-core circuit
- transistor-resistor circuit
- transistor-transistor-logic circuit
- translation circuit
- transmitted-data circuit
- transmitting circuit
- tree circuit
- trigger -action circuit
- trigger circuit
- trunk circuit
- tunnel diode circuit
- twin-tunnel-diode circuit
- twin circuit
- two-cores-per-bit circuit
- two-input circuit
- two-level circuit
- two-way circuit
- ultra-large-scale integration circuit
- unidirectional circuit
- unpackaged circuit
- unpacked circuit
- very-high-speed integrated circuit
- very-large-scale integration circuit
- virtual circuit
- VLSI circuit
- voice circuit
- voice-grade circuit
- voltage-control circuit
- voltage-doubling circuit
- voltage-multiplying circuit
- voltage-summation circuit
- voter circuit
- wave-shaping circuit
- whole-wafer circuit
- wired AND circuit
- wired OR circuit
- wire-wrapped circuit
- writing circuit
- zero circuitEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > circuit
-
39 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
40 vector
1) вектор
2) векторный
3) <math.> матрица-столбец
4) <aeron.> пеленг
– axial vector
– basis vector
– bound vector
– buckling vector
– Burgers vector
– column vector
– component of a vector
– component vector
– contravariant vector
– control vector
– correction vector
– covariant vector
– current vector
– decomposition of vector
– derivative of vector
– divergence of vector
– electric vector
– four-momentum vector
– free vector
– input vector
– interrupt vector
– irrotational vector
– linear-dependent vector
– localized vector
– magnetic vector
– magnitude of vector
– modulus of vector
– non-localized vector
– non-vanishing vector
– normal vector
– null vector
– pendulum vector
– position vector
– price vector
– radius vector
– reciprocal vector
– resultant vector
– reversed vector
– rotating vector
– row vector
– solenoidal vector
– space vector
– state vector
– tangent vector
– unit vector
– vector admittance
– vector analysis
– vector calculus
– vector component
– vector equation
– vector impedance
– vector notation
– vector polygon
– vector potential
– vector product
– vector quantity
– vector space
– vector sum
– vector train
– velocity vector
absolute value of a vector — <math.> величина вектора, модуль вектора
circuital vector field — <electr.> поле вихревое
electric displacement vector — вектор электрической индукции
См. также в других словарях:
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