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61 entrada
f.1 entry.hizo una entrada espectacular she made a spectacular entrance2 entrance (place).entrada entrance, way in (en letrero)te espero a la entrada del cine I'll meet you outside the cinemaentrada de artistas stage doorentrada principal main entrance3 inlet, intake (Tec).4 ticket (en espectáculos) (billete).entrada libre o gratuita admission freesacar una entrada to buy a ticket5 audience.6 down payment (pago inicial). (peninsular Spanish)7 income.8 starter (plato).9 entry.10 beginning, start (principio).de entrada no me gustó, pero… at first I didn't like it, but…me di cuenta de entrada de que algo andaba mal I realized from the start that something was wrong11 input (computing).12 admission, adit, accession.13 receding hairline.14 entree.15 entry word, entry, entry word in reference book, headword.16 turnout, paying spectators.17 data entry.18 tackle.19 aditus.past part.past participle of spanish verb: entrar.* * *1 (gen) entrance, entry2 (vestíbulo) hall, entrance3 (billete) ticket, admission4 (público) audience6 (de libro, oración, etc) opening; (de año, mes) beginning7 (pago inicial) down payment, deposit■ pagué una entrada de diez mil libras para la casa I made a down payment of ten thousand pounds for the house8 (en libro cuentas) entry9 COCINA entrée, starter10 INFORMÁTICA input11 DEPORTE tackle12 (en diccionario) entry\dar entrada a to let in, allow in'Prohibida la entrada' "No admittance"tener entradas (en la frente) to have a receding hairlinederechos de entrada import duty singentrada de capital capital inflowentrada principal main entrancemedia-entrada (aforo) half-capacity crowd* * *noun f.1) ticket2) access3) doorway4) entrance, entry* * *SF1) (=lugar de acceso) entranceentrada — way in, entrance
2) (=vestíbulo) [de casa] hall, entrance hall; [de hotel] foyer3) (=llegada)a) [a un lugar]•
dar entrada a un lugar — to give access to a placenunca podemos platicar, tus visitas son siempre de entrada por salida — we never have time to chat, you're always in and out
una muchacha de entrada por salida — a non-live-in maid, a daily maid
b) [de correspondencia] arrivalc) (Teat) (tb: entrada en escena) entrance (on stage)d) (Mús) [de instrumento, voz] entryla soprano hizo una entrada muy brusca — the soprano came in very abruptly, the soprano's entry was very abrupt
e) (Jur) [en un domicilio] entryentrada en vigor, tras la entrada en vigor de la ley — after the law came into effect o force
la entrada en vigor del nuevo presupuesto tendrá lugar en enero — the new budget will take effect from January, the new budget will come into effect o force from January
4) (=invasión) [de militares] entry; [de turistas, divisas] influx5) (=acceso) [a espectáculo] admission, entry; [a país] entry; [a club, institución, carrera] admissionen su discurso de entrada a la Academia — in his introductory o opening speech to the Academy
sus buenas notas le facilitaron la entrada en Medicina — his good marks enabled him to study Medicine
no le dimos entrada en nuestra sociedad — he was refused entry to our society, we did not admit him to our society
•
prohibir la entrada a algn — to ban sb from entering6) (=billete) ticket•
media entrada — half price•
sacar una entrada — to buy a ticket7) (=público) (Teat) audience; (Dep) crowd, turnoutla segunda función contó con una buena entrada — there was a good audience for the second performance
el sábado hubo una gran entrada — there was a big crowd o turnout on Saturday
8) (=recaudación) (Teat) receipts pl, takings pl ; (Dep) gate money, receipts pl9) (=principio) start•
de entrada — [desde el principio] from the start, from the outset; [al principio] at firstde entrada ya nos dijo que no — he said no from the outset, he said no right from the start
hay que dar un 20% de entrada — you have to put down a 20% deposit, you have to make a down payment of 20%
"compre sin entrada" — "no down payment", "no deposit"
11) (Com) [en libro mayor] entry12) (=vía de acceso) (Mec) inlet, intake; (Elec) input13) (Inform) inputentrada de datos — data entry, data input
14) (Ftbl) tackle15) (Culin) starter16) [de diccionario] entry17) pl entradasa) [en el pelo] receding hairline singb) (Econ) income sing* * *1) ( acción) entrancela entrada es gratuita — admission o entrance is free
entrada en or (esp AmL) a algo — entry into something
tuvieron que forzar su entrada en el or al edificio — they had to force an entry into the building
su entrada en or a escena — her entrance, her appearance on stage
de entrada: dijo que no de entrada he said no right from the start; lo calé de entrada — (fam) I sized him up right away o (BrE) straightaway
2) (en etapa, estado)entrada en algo: la entrada en vigor del nuevo impuesto — the coming into effect of the new tax
3)a) (ingreso, incorporación) entryentrada en or (esp AmL) a algo: la entrada de Prusia en la alianza Prussia's entry into the alliance; la fecha de su entrada en el club the date he joined the club; esto le facilitó la entrada a la universidad — that made it easier for him to get into university
b) (Mús) entry4)a) ( lugar de acceso) entranceentrada — entrance, way in
entrada de artistas — ( en teatro) stage door; ( en sala de conciertos) artists' entrance
b) ( vestíbulo) hallc) ( de tubería) intake, inlet; ( de circuito) input5) (Espec)a) ( ticket) ticket¿cuánto cuesta la entrada? — how much are the tickets?
b) ( concurrencia) (Teatr) audience; (Dep) attendance, gatec) ( recaudación) (Teatr) takings (pl); (Dep) gate receipts (pl)6) ( comienzo) beginningcon la entrada del invierno — with the beginning o onset of winter
7) (Com, Fin)a) (Esp) ( depósito) depositpagas $50 de entrada — you pay a $50 down payment o deposit
b) ( ingreso) incomeentradas y salidas — income and expenditure, receipts and outgoings
c) ( anotación) entry; ( en diccionario - artículo) entry; (- cabeza de artículo) headword8) ( de comida) starter9)a) ( en fútbol) tackleb) ( en béisbol) inning10) ( en el pelo)* * *1) ( acción) entrancela entrada es gratuita — admission o entrance is free
entrada en or (esp AmL) a algo — entry into something
tuvieron que forzar su entrada en el or al edificio — they had to force an entry into the building
su entrada en or a escena — her entrance, her appearance on stage
de entrada: dijo que no de entrada he said no right from the start; lo calé de entrada — (fam) I sized him up right away o (BrE) straightaway
2) (en etapa, estado)entrada en algo: la entrada en vigor del nuevo impuesto — the coming into effect of the new tax
3)a) (ingreso, incorporación) entryentrada en or (esp AmL) a algo: la entrada de Prusia en la alianza Prussia's entry into the alliance; la fecha de su entrada en el club the date he joined the club; esto le facilitó la entrada a la universidad — that made it easier for him to get into university
b) (Mús) entry4)a) ( lugar de acceso) entranceentrada — entrance, way in
entrada de artistas — ( en teatro) stage door; ( en sala de conciertos) artists' entrance
b) ( vestíbulo) hallc) ( de tubería) intake, inlet; ( de circuito) input5) (Espec)a) ( ticket) ticket¿cuánto cuesta la entrada? — how much are the tickets?
b) ( concurrencia) (Teatr) audience; (Dep) attendance, gatec) ( recaudación) (Teatr) takings (pl); (Dep) gate receipts (pl)6) ( comienzo) beginningcon la entrada del invierno — with the beginning o onset of winter
7) (Com, Fin)a) (Esp) ( depósito) depositpagas $50 de entrada — you pay a $50 down payment o deposit
b) ( ingreso) incomeentradas y salidas — income and expenditure, receipts and outgoings
c) ( anotación) entry; ( en diccionario - artículo) entry; (- cabeza de artículo) headword8) ( de comida) starter9)a) ( en fútbol) tackleb) ( en béisbol) inning10) ( en el pelo)* * *entrada11 = access, entry, influx, membership, accession, admittance, entrée, down payment, tackle, inlet, admission.Ex: Access to the contents of data bases is via some computer-searching technique, often using an online terminal.
Ex: The entry, change, and extraction of word and phrases from abstracts is described in detail in Chapter 9.Ex: Many Americans viewed this influx of strangers with alarm.Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.Ex: The documents concerning the accession of Greece to the European Communities were published in the official journal in 1979.Ex: New rules have made it possible to show films publicly with free admittance.Ex: Now that information is being distributed through the visual media, exhibitions can provide an entree for diversified and potentially larger audiences.Ex: Programs range from offering affordable on-campus condominiums to lending money for a house down payment.Ex: Footage from four decades of English soccer includes hard tackles, pushes and punches from club games.Ex: The cell arrival processes on the inlets of the switching element are of a bursty nature.Ex: Secondly, the admission of rules incompatible with the general ideology adopted inevitably entails subsequent remedial revision.* bandeja de entrada = take-up tray, inbox [in-box].* bien entrada la noche = late at night.* casillero de entrada = inbox [in-box].* conexión de entrada = inlet.* dar entrada = enter.* dar la entrada para = make + a deposit on.* datos de entrada = input data.* dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.* dispositivos de entrada = input equipment.* entrada aparatosa = explosive entrance.* entrada de aire = air intake.* entrada de datos = data entry, input, inputting.* entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.* entrada de lleno = plunge into.* entrada de nuevo = re-entry [reentry].* entrada de vuelta = flowing back.* entrada en vigor = entry into force.* entrada ilegal = trespass, trespassing.* entrada inicial = deposit.* entrada precipitada = plunge into.* entradas y salidas = comings and goings.* fichero de entrada = incoming file.* hall de entrada = entrance hall, lobby, entrance foyer.* hora de entrada = check-in time.* impedir la entrada = keep out.* negar la entrada = turn + Nombre + away.* norma de entrada de datos = input standard.* operario de entrada de datos = data entry operator.* paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.* precio de entrada = price of admission.* prohibida la entrada = no admittance.* prohibir la entrada en = ban from.* puerta de entrada = entrance gate, entrance door.* puerto de entrada = port of entry.* punto de entrada = entry point, entrance point, point of entry.* rampa de entrada = driveway.* registro de entrada = accessions register, accession record.* sala de entrada = entrance lobby.* señal de entrada prohibida = No Entry sign.* sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.* torno de control de entrada = turnstile.* válvula de entrada = inlet valve, intake valve.* visado de entrada = entry visa.entrada22 = entrance, foyer, doorway, gateway, entranceway.Ex: Diagrammatic presentation of the layout of the collection conveniently placed, for example, near the entrance.
Ex: The new library covers 4,700 square metres and shares a foyer with the art gallery.Ex: Heads started appearing in the doorway, muttering, 'Oh! So this is the library'.Ex: One of the roles of the local library is to act as a gateway to other information sources.Ex: The areas surveyed included the circulation and reference areas, the book stacks, the computer terminals, the newspaper reading room, the benches outside of the entranceway, and all other public seating areas.* entrada de artistas = stage door.* entrada de lectores = public entrance.* entrada para automóviles = driveway.* entrada para coches = driveway.* entrada principal = front entrance, main entrance.* esterilla de entrada = doormat.* esterilla de la entrada de la casa = welcome mat.entrada33 = ticket.Ex: Frantic assistants fell over each other's feet trying to retrieve tickets from the rows and rows of issue trays = Los frenéticos auxiliares tropezaban unos con otros intentando coger los tickets de las filas y filas de cajones de préstamo.
* agencia de venta de entradas = ticket agent, ticket agency.* elemento de entrada = entry element.* entrada gratis = free ticket.* entrada gratuita = free ticket.* entrada para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* revendedor de entradas = ticket tout, ticket scalper.* reventa de entradas = scalping.* sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.* sistema de entrada única = single entry system.* vender todas las entradas de un Evento = sell out.* venta de entradas = ticketing.entrada44 = receding hairline.Nota: Del pelo.Ex: One look at your older brother's receding hairline shows you what's likely ahead.
entrada55 = entry, heading, index heading, rubric, index record.Ex: An entry is a logical grouping of elements arranged in a prescribed order which together constitute a single unit of information to be filed or arranged as such in a register, list, catalogue, etc.
Ex: A heading is the initial element of an entry, used as the principal filing element when the entry is arranged in an alphabetical listing.Ex: If one word is used out of context as an index heading, plainly it will be difficult to establish the interpretation to be placed on the homograph.Ex: And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.Ex: Subject indexes consist of a series of index records with each record incorporating a word or phrase describing the subject acting as the access point, and further details.* añadir entradas = make + additions.* entrada alfabética = alphabetico-specific entry, alphabetical index heading.* entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.* entrada de autoridades = authority entry.* entrada de diario = journal entry.* entrada de forma = form entry.* entrada de materia = subject entry.* entrada de nombre = name entry.* entrada de nombre personal = personal name entry.* entrada de tesauro = thesaurus entry.* entrada directa = direct entry.* entrada ficticia = rogue entry.* entrada léxica = lexical entry.* entrada múltiple = multiple entry.* entrada por el título = title main entry.* entrada por palabra clave del título = catchword entry.* entrada principal = main entry.* entrada recíproca = reciprocal entry.* entrada secundaria = added entry, additional entry.* hacer una entrada = make + entry.* palabra de entrada principal = primary entry word.* * *A (acción) entrancehizo su entrada del brazo de su padre she made her entrance on her father's armvigilaban sus entradas y salidas they watched his comings and goings[ S ] prohibida la entrada no entryla entrada es gratuita admission o entrance is free[ S ] entrada libre admission freela entrada masiva de divisas the huge inflow of foreign currencyentrada EN or ( esp AmL) A algo entry INTO sthla entrada del ejército en or a la ciudad the entry of the army into the cityla policía tuvo que forzar su entrada en el or al edificio the police had to force an entry into the buildingsu entrada en or a escena fue muy aplaudida her entrance was greeted by loud applause, her appearance on stage was greeted by loud applausede entrada: nos dijo que no de entrada he said no at o from the outset, he said no right from the startme cayó mal de entrada I disliked him right from the start, I took an immediate dislike to himB (en una etapa, un estado) entrada EN algo:después de la entrada en vigor del nuevo impuesto after the new tax comes/came into effect o forcela fecha de entrada en funcionamiento de la nueva central the date for the new power station to begin operating o come into serviceC1 (ingreso, incorporación) entry entrada EN or ( esp AmL) A algo:la entrada de Prusia en la alianza Prussia's entry into the alliancela fecha de su entrada en la empresa/el club the date he joined the company/clubesto le facilitó la entrada a la universidad this made it easier for him to get into university2 ( Mús) entrydio entrada a los violines he brought the violins inD1 (lugar de acceso) entranceentrada principal main entrance[ S ] entrada entrance, way in[ S ] entrada de artistas (en un teatro) stage door; (en una sala de conciertos) artists' entranceésta es la única entrada this is the only way in o the only entrancete espero a la entrada del estadio I'll wait for you at the entrance to the stadiumestaban repartiendo estos folletos a la entrada they were handing out these leaflets at the doorlas entradas a León the roads (leading) into León2 (vestíbulo) hall3 (de una tubería) intake, inlet; (de un circuito) inputseñal de entrada input signalCompuesto:air intake o inletE ( Espec)1 (billete, ticket) ticket¿cuánto cuesta la entrada? how much is it to get in?, how much are the tickets?ya he sacado las entradas I've already bought the ticketslos niños pagan media entrada it's half-price for children, children pay half pricela plaza de toros registró media entrada the bullring was half fullF (comienzo) beginningcon la entrada del invierno with the beginning o onset of winter1 (ingreso) incomeésa es su única entrada that's her only incomela suma de sus entradas his total incomeentradas y salidas income and expenditure, receipts and outgoings2 (anotación) entry3 ( Esp) (depósito) depositdar una entrada para una casa/un coche to put down a deposit on a house/a carpagas $50 de entrada y el resto en 48 mensualidades you pay a $50 down payment o deposit and the rest in 48 monthly payments¿cúal or de cúanto es la entrada? what's the ante?H (en un diccionario — artículo) entry; (— cabeza de artículo) headworddarle entrada a un vocablo to enter a wordI (de una comida) starterJ (en fútbol) tacklehacerle una entrada a algn to tackle sbK (en béisbol) inningL(en el pelo): tiene entradas muy pronunciadas he has a badly receding hairline* * *
entrada sustantivo femenino
1 ( acción) entrance;◊ la entrada es gratuita admission o entrance is free;
vigilaban sus entradas y salidas they watched his comings and goings;
( on signs) prohibida la entrada no entry;
( on signs) entrada libre admission free;
entrada en or (esp AmL) a algo entry into sth;
forzaron su entrada en el or al edificio they forced an entry into the building;
de entrada right from the start
2a) (en etapa, estado):
esto le facilitó la entrada a la universidad that made it easier for him to get into university
espérame en or a la entrada wait for me at the entrance;
3 (Espec) ticket;
4 (Com, Fin)
5 ( de comida) starter
6 (Dep)
7 ( en el pelo):
entrado,-a adj (un periodo de tiempo) advanced: ya está muy entrado el curso, we're well into the school year
♦ Locuciones: entrado en años, advanced in years
entrada sustantivo femenino
1 (acceso) entrance
2 (para espectáculos) ticket
entrada libre, free admission
3 (concurrencia, taquilla) Dep gate
Teat attendance
4 (vestíbulo) hall
5 (pago inicial) deposit
6 (en un grupo, lugar) entry: hizo una entrada triunfal, he made a triumphant entry
7 Culin starter
8 Com (ingresos) income
entrada de divisas, inflow of foreign exchange
9 (en la cabellera) receding hairline
10 Ftb tackle
♦ Locuciones: de entrada, for a start: de entrada nos negamos a aceptar sus condiciones, for a start we refuse to accept their conditions
' entrada' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acceso
- boca
- boleto
- condenar
- fichar
- ingreso
- localidad
- portal
- prohibida
- prohibido
- reventa
- sacar
- sellar
- tapar
- tique
- tíquet
- vado
- a
- adelante
- aglomeración
- ajustar
- antelación
- asegurar
- bien
- bloquear
- boleta
- caro
- coger
- conseguir
- cortesía
- desbloquear
- entrado
- franquear
- impedir
- negar
- permitir
- pórtico
- prohibir
- robo
- servicio
- sobra
- triunfal
- valer
English:
access
- admission
- admittance
- bar
- bound
- break in
- burglarize
- cue
- deposit
- doorway
- down payment
- drive
- driveway
- enter
- entrance
- entrance fee
- entrance requirements
- entry
- far
- fee
- formality
- free
- gate
- gateway
- hall
- hallway
- inlet
- input
- intake
- into
- keep out
- midnight
- mouth
- pit stop
- porch
- prep school
- scramble
- stage door
- starter
- tackle
- ticket
- ticket holder
- turn up
- way
- admit
- assure
- ban
- door
- down
- gross
* * *entrada nf1. [acción] entry;prohibida la entrada [en letrero] no entry;hizo una entrada espectacular she made a spectacular entrance;la entrada del equipo en el campo fue recibida con aplausos applause broke out when the team came out on to the pitch;la entrada de nuevos países a la organización the entry of new countries into the organization;están en contra de su entrada en la organización they're opposed to him joining the organization;su entrada en escena fue triunfal he made a triumphant entrance;se ha aplazado la entrada en funcionamiento de la nueva línea férrea the opening of the new railway o US railroad line has been postponed;dar entrada a to let in, to admitentrada en vigor:hoy se cumple un año de la entrada en vigor de la ley it is a year today since the act came into force2. [lugar] entrance;[puerta] doorway; [recibidor] entrance hall; Min adit;la entrada al teatro estaba llena de admiradores the theatre entrance was packed with admirers;se quedó esperando en la entrada she waited at the entrance;te espero a la entrada del cine I'll meet you outside the cinema;entrada [en letrero] entrance, way inentrada principal main entrance;entrada de servicio service entrance3. Tec inlet, intake;conducto/válvula de entrada intake pipe/valveentrada de aire air intake4. [en espectáculos] [billete] ticket;[recaudación] receipts, takings;los mayores de 65 años no pagan entrada people over the age of 65 don't have to pay to get in;no hay entradas [en letrero] sold out;5. [público] audience;[en estadio] attendance;el campo registró menos de media entrada the stadium was less than half fullhay que pagar un millón de entrada you have to put down a million as a deposit;dimos una entrada de dos millones we paid a deposit of two million7. [en contabilidad] income8. [en un menú] first course, Br starter, US appetizer10. [en un diccionario] entry11. [principio] beginning, start;la entrada del año the beginning of the year;de entrada: de entrada no me gustó, pero… at first I didn't like it, but…;de entrada me insultó y luego me explicó sus motivos first she insulted me, then she explained why;me di cuenta de entrada de que algo andaba mal I realized from the start o from the word go that something was wrong;de entrada lo reconocí I recognized him right from the start12. [en fútbol] tackle;hacer una entrada a alguien to tackle sb;entrada en plancha sliding tackle13. [en béisbol] inning14. Informát inputentrada de datos data entry, data input;entrada-salida input-output, I/O16. Cuba, Méx [paliza] beating17. CompMéx, RP Famdar entrada a alguien [flirtear] to flirt with sb;Méxde entrada por salida [tiempo] for a moment;[persona] paid by the hour* * *f1 acción entry;se prohibe la entrada no entry;hacer su entrada make one’s entrance2 lugar entrance;entrada a la autopista on ramp, Br slip road3 localidad ticket4 pago deposit, downpayment5 ( comienzo):entrada del año start o beginning of the year;de entrada from the outset, from the start6 de comida starter7:9 en fútbol tackle;hacer una entrada a alguien tackle s.o., make a tackle on s.o.* * *entrada nf1) : entrance, entry2) : ticket, admission3) : beginning, onset4) : entrée5) : cue (in music)6) entradas nfpl: incomeentradas y salidas: income and expenditures7)tener entradas : to have a receding hairline* * *entrada n1. (puerta) entrance2. (vestíbulo) hall / hallway3. (acción de entrar) entry4. (billete) ticket5. (admisión) admission6. (depósito) depositcuando se compra un piso, se suele dar una entrada when you buy a flat, you usually pay a deposit7. (en fútbol) tackle¡qué entrada más dura! what a nasty tackle!de entrada at first / to start with -
62 ven
intj.come here.pres.indicat.3rd person plural (ellos/ellas) present indicative of spanish verb: ver.imperat.2nd person singular (tú/usted) Imperative of Spanish verb: venir.* * ** * ** * ** * ** * *
Del verbo venir: ( conjugate venir)
ven es:
2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Del verbo ver: ( conjugate ver)
ven es:
3ª persona plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
ven
venir
ver
ven see venir, ver 2
venir ( conjugate venir) verbo intransitivo
1
¿a qué vino? what did he come by o around for?;
vine dormida todo el tiempo I slept (for) the whole journey;
ven por or (Esp) a por algn/algo to come for sb/sth, come to pick sb/sth up;
la vino a buscar su madre her mother came to pick her up;
ven a ver esto come and see this
no vengas tarde don't be late home o backc) ( salir):
no me vengas con exigencias don't start making demands
2a) ( tener lugar):
¿qué viene después de las noticias? what's on after the news?;
ya vendrán tiempos mejores things will get betterb) ( indicando procedencia) ven de algo to come from sth;
le viene de familia it runs in his family;
¿a qué viene eso? why do you say that?
d) ( estar incluido):
no viene nada sobre la huelga there's nothing about the strike
3 ( convenir):
el jueves no me viene bien Thursday's no good for me;
me vendría bien un descanso I could do with a rest
4 ( como aux):
hace mucho que lo venía diciendo I'd been saying so all along
venirse verbo pronominal ( enf)
vense abajo [ persona] to go to pieces;
[ techo] to fall in, collapse;
[ estante] to collapse;
[ ilusiones] to go up in smoke;
[ proyectos] to fall through
ver 1 sustantivo masculino
1 ( aspecto):◊ ser de buen ven to be good-looking o attractive
2 ( opinión):◊ a mi/su ven in my/his view
ver 2 ( conjugate ver) verbo transitivo
1
◊ ¿ves algo? can you see anything?;
no se ve nada aquí you can't see a thing in here;
lo vi hablando con ella I saw him talking to her
esa película ya la he visto I've seen that movie before;
no poder (ni) ven a algn: no la puede ven he can't stand her
2 (entender, notar) to see;◊ ¿no ves lo que está pasando? don't o can't you see what's happening?;
se la ve preocupada she looks worried;
hacerse ven (RPl) to show off
3
¡ya venás lo que pasa! you'll see what happens;
¡ya se vená! we'll see
◊ ¡nunca he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it!;
¡si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! you can't imagine how awful it was!;
¡hubieras visto cómo se asustaron! (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!
4◊ a ver: (vamos) a ven ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?;
está aquí, en el periódico — ¿a ven? it's here in the newspaper — let's see;
apriétalo a ven qué pasa press it and see what happens;
a ven si escribes pronto make sure you write soon
5a) ( estudiar):
tengo que ven cómo lo arreglo I have to work out how I can fix it;
ya vené qué hago I'll decide what to do later
◊ ¿la ha visto un médico? has she been seen by a doctor yet?
6a) (juzgar, considerar):
a mi modo or manera de ven the way I see it
no le veo la gracia I don't think it's funny
7 (visitar, entrevistarse con) ‹amigo/pariente› to see, visit;
‹médico/jefe› to see;◊ ¡cuánto tiempo sin vente! I haven't seen you for ages!
8◊ tener … que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ven? and what does that have to do with it?;
no tengo nada que ven con él I have nothing to do with him;
¿qué tiene que ven que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?
verbo intransitivo
1 ( percibir con la vista) to see;
no veo bien de lejos/de cerca I'm shortsighted/longsighted
2 ( constatar):◊ ¿hay cerveza? — no sé, voy a ven is there any beer? — I don't know, I'll have a look;
pues venás, todo empezó cuando … well you see, the whole thing began when …
3 ( pensar) to see;
estar/seguir en venemos (AmL fam): todavía está en venemos it isn't certain yet;
seguimos en venemos we still don't know anything
verse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) (percibirse, imaginarse) to see oneself
2 ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself;
me vi obligado a despedirlo I had no choice but to dismiss him
3 (esp AmL) ( parecer):
no se ve bien con ese peinado that hairdo doesn't suit her
4 ( recípr)
◊ nos vemos a las siete I'll meet o see you at seven;
¡nos vemos! (esp AmL) see you!
vense con algn to see sb
venir verbo intransitivo
1 to come
ven y mira lo que he dibujado, come and see what I've drawn
2 (llegar) to come: viene el invierno, winter is coming
acaba de venir de la tienda, he's just come from the shop
3 (volver) to come back: vengo en un minuto, I'll be back in a minute
4 (proceder) to come from: estos juguetes vienen de China, these toys come from China
5 (surgir, sobrevenir) me vino la gripe, I went down with flu
(suceder) entonces vino la guerra civil, then came the civil war
6 (quedar) este jersey me viene grande, this sweater is too big for me
7 (aparecer, presentarse) to come: esa información viene en el capítulo dos, that information comes in chapter two
¿viene algo del terremoto?, is there anything about the earthquake?
viene en un estuche verde, it comes in a green case
8 (indicando aproximación) este libro viene a tener unos cien años, this book must be about a hundred years old
♦ Locuciones: venir al mundo, to be born
venir de lejos, to come from afar
ver 1 m (aspecto exterior) aún estás de buen ver, you're still good-looking
ver 2 I verbo transitivo
1 to see: vi tu cartera sobre la mesa, I saw your wallet on the table
no veo nada, I can't see anything
puede ver tu casa desde aquí, he can see your house from here ➣ Ver nota en see; (mirar la televisión) to watch: estamos viendo las noticias de las tres, we are watching the three o'clock news
(cine) me gustaría ver esa película, I'd like to see that film
2 (entender) no veo por qué no te gusta, I can't see why you don't like it
(considerar) a mi modo de ver, as far as I can see o as I see it
tus padres no ven bien esa relación, your parents don't agree with that relationship
(parecer) se te ve nervioso, you look nervous
3 (averiguar) ya veremos qué sucede, we'll soon see what happens
fam (uso enfático) ¡no veas qué sitio tan bonito!, you wouldn't believe what a beautiful place!
4 a ver, let's see: a ver si acabamos este trabajo, let's see if we can finish this job
me compré un compacto, - ¿a ver?, I bought a compact disc, - let's have a look!
5 (ir a ver, visitar) to see, visit: le fui a ver al hospital, I visited him in hospital
II verbo intransitivo
1 to see: no ve bien de lejos, he's shortsighted, US nearsighted
2 (dudar, pensar) ¿me prestas este libro?, - ya veré, will you lend me this book?, - I'll see
3 (tener relación) no tengo nada que ver con ese asunto, I have nothing to do with that business
solo tiene cincuenta años, - ¿y eso qué tiene qué ver?, he's only fifty, - so what?
♦ Locuciones: no poder ver a alguien: no puede (ni) verle, she can't stand him
¿To see, to watch o to look?
Los tres verbos reflejan tres conceptos muy distintos. To see hace referencia a la capacidad visual y no es fruto de una acción deliberada. A menudo se usa con can o could: I can see the mountains from my bedroom. Puedo ver las montañas desde mi dormitorio.
To look at implica una acción deliberada: I saw an old atlas, so I opened it and looked at the maps. Vi un atlas antiguo, así que lo abrí y miré los mapas.
To watch también se refiere a una acción deliberada, a menudo cuando se tiene un interés especial por lo que ocurre: I watched the planes in the sky with great interest. Miraba los aviones en el cielo con gran interés. Igualmente puede indicar el paso del tiempo (we watched the animals playing for half an hour, durante media hora observamos cómo jugaban los animales), movimiento (they stood there watching the cars drive off into the distance, se quedaron allí de pie viendo cómo se marchaban los coches) o vigilancia (the policemen have been watching this house because they thought we were thieves, los policías estaban vigilando la casa porque pensaban que éramos ladrones).
Para hablar de películas u obras de teatro usamos to see: Have you seen Hamlet?, ¿Has visto Hamlet? To watch se refiere a la televisión y los deportes en general: I always watch the television in the evening. Siempre veo la televisión por las noches. I like to watch football. Me gusta ver el fútbol. Al hablar de programas o partidos específicos podemos usar tanto to watch como to see: I like to see/watch the news at 9:00. Me gusta ver las noticias a las 9.00. Did you see/watch the match last night?, ¿Viste el partido anoche?
' ven' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acá
- achantarse
- antaño
- borde
- cuanta
- cuanto
- donde
- en seguida
- enseguida
- nosotras
- nosotros
- remolonear
- ver
- venir
- verse
- abrigado
- acta
- adentro
- afuera
- aguinaldo
- ahorrista
- alebrestarse
- alfiler
- almacén
- alzado
- amañar
- amarrado
- ancianato
- andadera
- angina
- anginas
- ansia
- apenas
- apersonarse
- aplazar
- aplicación
- aplicar
- arrecho
- arrimar
- bacenilla
- baúl
- billetero
- binoculares
- bocadillo
- bodega
- bodeguero
- bohío
- boludo
- bomba
- bombillo
English:
and
- any
- beside
- come
- here
- intersperse
- intervention
- minute
- no
- one
- pad
- prevention
- pucker
- quickly
- sometime
- stand about
- stand around
- us
- venerable
- venerate
- Venezuela
- Venezuelan
- venison
- venom
- venomous
- venomously
- way
- whenever
- applicant
- apply
- banana
- bang
- bar
- bean
- bin
- blond
- boot
- boxer
- briefs
- broad
- bruise
- bubble
- bucket
- bulb
- bull
- bumper car
- can
- carpet
- cashew (nut)
- celery
* * ** * ** * * -
63 sacarse
to pull something out of one's hat————————1 (desvestirse) to take off2 (fotografía) to have taken* * *VERBO PRONOMINAL1) (=extraer) [+ objeto] to take out; [+ diente] to have outcasi me saco un ojo con la barra de hierro — I almost poked o took my eye out with the iron bar
2) esp LAm (=quitarse)3) (=conseguir) to getsacarse unos euros — to get o make a few euros
sacarse el carnet de conducir — to get one's driving licence, pass one's driving test
4) Méx (=irse) to leave, go away¡sáquese de aquí! — get out of here!
* * *vprFamsacarse algo de la manga to make sth up (on the spur of the moment)2. [carné, título, certificado] to get;se sacó el pasaporte la semana pasada she got her passport last week3. Am [ropa, lentes, aros] to take off;sáquese la camisa take your shirt off* * *v/r1 L.Am.ropa take off2:se sacó el carnet de conducir el año pasado he got his license last year -
64 प्रजा _prajā
प्रजा (Changed to प्रजस् at the end of a Bah. com- pound, when the first member is अ, सु or दुस्; as अवेक्षित- प्रजः R.8.32; सुप्रजस् 18.29.)1 Procreation, generation, propagation, birth, production.-2 Offspring, progeny, issue; children, brood (of animals); प्रजार्थव्रतकर्शिताङ्गम् B.2.73; प्रजायै गृहमेधिनाम् R.1.7; Ms.3.42; Y.1.269; so बकस्य प्रजा, सर्पप्रजा &c.-3 Posterity, descendants.-4 A creature.-6 Subjects, people, mankind; ननन्दुः सप्रजाः प्रजाः; R.4.3; प्रजाः प्रजाः स्वा इव तन्त्रयित्वा Ś.5.5. and स्वाभ्यः प्रजाभ्यो हि यथा तथैव सर्वप्रजाभ्यः शिवमाशशंसे Bu. Ch.2.35 (where प्रजा has sense 2 also); R.1.7;2.73; Ms.1.8.-6 Semen.-7 An era; Buddh.-Comp. -अध्यक्षः 1 an epithet of the sun.-2 of Dakṣa.-अन्तकः Yama, the god of death; अथ वा मृदु वस्तु हिंसितुं मृदुनैवारभते प्रजान्तकः R.8.45.-ईप्सु a. desirous of progeny.-ईशः, -ईश्वरः the lord of men, a king, sovereign; तमभ्यनन्दत् प्रथमं प्रबोधितः प्रजेश्वरः शासनहारिणा हरेः R.3.68;5.32; प्रजाश्चिरं सुप्रजसि प्रजेशे ननन्दुरानन्दजलाविलाक्ष्यः 18.29.-उत्पत्तिः f.-उत्पादनम् the raising up of progeny.-कल्पः the time of creation; Hariv.-काम a. desirous of progeny.-कारः author of the creation.-तन्तुः a line of descendants, lineage, race.-तीर्थम् the auspicious moment of birth; Bhāg.-द a.1 granting progeny.-2 removing bar- renness.-दानम् silver.-द्वारम् N. of the sun.-नाथः 1 an epithet of Brahmā.-2 a king, sovereign, prince; प्रजाः प्रजानाथ पितेव पासि R.2.48;1.83.-निषेकः 1 im- pregnation, seed (implanted in the womb); प्रजानिषेकं मयि वर्तमानं सूनोरनुध्यायत चेतसेति R.14.6.-2 offspring.-पः a king.-पतिः 1 the god presiding over creation; प्रजने च प्रजापतिम् Ms.12.121.-2 an epithet of Brahmā; अस्याः सर्गविधौ प्रजापतिरभूच्चन्द्रो नु कान्तिप्रदः V.1.9.-3 an epithet of the ten lords of created beings first created by Brahmā (see Ms.1.34).-4 an epithet of Viśvakarman, the architect of gods.-5 the sun.-6 a king.-7 a son-in-law.-8 an epithet of Viṣṇu.-9 a father, progenitor.-1 the penis.-11 a sacrifice; ˚हृदयम् A kind of सामगान.-12 N. of a संवत्सर.-परि- पालनम्, -पालनम् the protection of subjects.-पालः, -पालकः a king, sovereign.-पालिः an epithet of Śiva.-पाल्यम् royal office.-वृद्धिः f. increase of progeny.-व्यापारः care for or anxiety about the people.-सृज् m. epithet of Brahmā; कृतः प्रजाक्षेमकृता प्रजासृजा Śi.1.28.-हित a. beneficial to children or people. (-तम्) water. -
65 bref
bref, brève [bʀεf, εv]1. adjective[rencontre, discours, lettre] brief ; [voyelle, syllabe] short2. adverb3. feminine noun* * *
1.
brève bʀɛf, bʀɛv adjectif1) ( court) [apparition, séjour] brief; [son] short2) ( sec) [ton] curt
2.
* * *bʀɛf, bʀɛv (brève)1. adj1) (= court) short, briefSa lettre était brève. — His letter was short.
2) (= sec)2. advBref, ça s'est bien terminé. — To cut a long story short, it turned out all right in the end.
Bref, je ne veux pas y aller. — Anyway, I don't want to go.
3. nm4. nf1) (= voyelle) short vowel2) (= information) brief news item* * *A adj1 ( court) [récit, apparition, séjour] brief; [voyelle, son] short; soyez bref s'il vous plaît please be brief; dans les plus brefs délais as soon as possible;D brève nf1 Presse ( information) news flash;( féminin brève) [brɛf, brɛv] adjectif2. PHONÉTIQUE [syllabe, voyelle] shortbref adverbeenfin bref, je n'ai pas envie d'y aller well, basically, I don't want to gobref, ce n'est pas possible anyway, it's not possiblebref nom masculinbrève nom féminin1. PHONÉTIQUE [voyelle] short vowel[syllabe] short syllable————————en bref locution adverbiale -
66 fermeture
fermeture [fεʀmətyʀ]1. feminine nouna. « ne pas gêner la fermeture des portes » "do not obstruct the doors (when closing)"b. [de magasin, musée, aéroport] closing• « fermeture pour (cause de) travaux » "closed for refurbishment"c. ( = cessation d'activité) [de magasin, restaurant, école] closured. ( = mécanisme) [de vêtement, sac] fastener2. compounds* * *fɛʀmətyʀ1) gén (de magasin, d'usine) ( brève) closing; ( longue) closure; ( définitive) closing down; ( de compte en banque) closing‘attention à la fermeture des portes’ — ‘mind the doors’
2) Technologie ( dispositif) ( de porte) latch; (de fenêtre, meuble) catch; ( de sac à main) clasp; ( de vêtement) fastening3) ( en phonétique) closure•Phrasal Verbs:* * *fɛʀmətyʀ nf1) [porte, lieu] closing, shutting, [frontières] closing2) [chasse] end3) [magasin, commerce] (à la fin de la journée) closing, shutting, (définitivement) closing down, shutting downle mardi, jour de fermeture des musées — Tuesday, the day when museums are closed
4) [eau, lumière, électricité, robinet] turning off5) (= dispositif) catch6) [vêtement] fastenerSee:* * *fermeture nf1 gén (de magasin, bibliothèque, d'usine) ( brève) closing; ( longue) closure; ( définitive) closing down; ( de compte en banque) closing; jour/heure de fermeture closing day/time; fermeture annuelle annual closure; fermeture en août/pour travaux closed in August/for repair work; depuis la fermeture de l'usine since the factory closed down; ‘fermeture provisoire du pont’ ‘bridge temporarily closed’; la fermeture du pont a provoqué des embouteillages the closing of the bridge caused traffic jams; nous sommes arrivés juste avant la fermeture we arrived just before closing time; ‘attention à la fermeture des portes’ ‘mind the doors’; la fermeture des portes est automatique the doors close automatically;2 Tech ( dispositif) ( de porte) latch; (de fenêtre, meuble) catch; ( de sac à main) clasp; ( de vêtement) fastening; fermeture automatique automatic locking system; à fermeture automatique [portes] automatic;3 Phon closure.fermeture à baïonnette bayonet clutch; fermeture éclair® = fermeture à glissière; tirer or remonter la fermeture éclair de qch to zip sth up; fermeture à glissière Cout zip GB, zipper US; fermeture magnétique Tech magnetic lock.ⓘ Fermeture annuelle The annual summer closure period operated by many small businesses, often lasting a calendar month.[fɛrmətyr] nom féminin1. [obstruction]après la fermeture du puits/tunnel once the well/tunnel is blocked offla fermeture du coffre se fera devant témoins the safe will be locked ou sealed in the presence of witnesses2. [rabattement] closing‘ne pas gêner la fermeture des portes’ ‘please do not obstruct the doors’3. COMMERCE [arrêt des transactions]a. [du bureau] at the end of the day's workb. [de la banque, du magasin, du café] at closing time‘fermeture annuelle’ ‘closed for annual holiday’a. [hebdomadaire] closing dayb. [férié] public holiday5. [vêtement] -
67 passage
passage [pαsaʒ]1. masculine nouna. ( = venue) guetter le passage du facteur to watch for the postman• « passage interdit » "no entry"b. ( = transfert) le passage de l'enfance à l'adolescence the transition from childhood to adolescence• va plus loin, tu gênes le passage move along, you're blocking the wayd. ( = fragment) [de livre, symphonie] passagee. ( = traversée) [de rivière, limite, montagnes] crossing2. compounds• cette école est le passage obligé pour les hauts fonctionnaires this school is the place to go if you want to be a top civil servant ► passage piétons, passage pour piétons pedestrian walkway* * *pasaʒnom masculin1) ( circulation)une rue où il y a beaucoup de passage — ( véhicules) a street where there's a lot of traffic
2) ( séjour)un petit passage chez le teinturier ne lui ferait pas de mal — a visit to the dry-cleaners' wouldn't do it any harm
3) ( visite en chemin)4) ( franchissement)‘passage interdit, voie privée’ — ‘no entry, private road’
pour empêcher le passage de l'air — in order to prevent draughts GB ou drafts US
pour laisser or céder le passage à l'ambulance — in order to let the ambulance go past
notons au passage que... — fig let's note in passing that...
se servir au passage — lit ( en passant) to help oneself; fig ( légalement) to take a cut (of the profits); ( illégalement) to pocket some of the profits
5) (à la radio, télévision, au théâtre)6) ( chemin emprunté) ( par une personne) way; ( par une chose) path7) ( à une situation nouvelle)son passage dans la classe supérieure est compromis — he/she won't be allowed to move up into the next year GB ou grade US
8) ( petite rue) alley; ( dans un bâtiment) passageway9) (de roman, symphonie) passage; ( de film) sequence•Phrasal Verbs:* * *pɒsaʒ nm1)Ils s'arrêtaient de travailler au passage du train. — They stopped working as the train passed.
Nous l'avons vu lors de notre passage à Brest. — We saw him when we passed through Brest.
au passage (alors que l'on passe) — on the way, [remarquer] in passing
au passage de; Il a été éclaboussé au passage de la voiture. — He was soaked by a passing car.
Nous sommes de passage à Toulouse. — We're just passing through Toulouse.
2) (= accès, chemin) way"laissez le passage" — "keep clear"
"n'obstruez pas le passage" — "do not obstruct"
3) (= prix de la traversée) passage4) (= extrait de livre) passageJ'ai traduit un passage de ce livre. — I translated a passage from this book.
* * *passage nm1 ( circulation) interdire le passage des camions dans la ville to ban trucks from (driving through) the town; une rue où il y a beaucoup de passage ( piétons) a street where there are a lot of passers-by; ( véhicules) a street where there's a lot of traffic; isoler les fenêtres pour empêcher le passage de l'air to seal the windows to prevent draughts GB ou drafts US;2 ( séjour) ton bref passage dans la ville a été très remarqué your stay in the town was brief but did not go unnoticed; lors de son passage ici il a oublié son parapluie when he was here he left his umbrella; un petit passage chez le teinturier ne lui ferait pas de mal a visit to the dry-cleaners' wouldn't do it any harm; après un bref passage dans la fonction publique after a short spell in the civil service;3 ( visite en chemin) attendre le passage du boulanger to wait for the baker's van to come; était-ce avant ou après le passage du facteur? was it before or after the postman had been?; manquer le passage des cigognes to miss the storks going over; le passage du prochain bus est à 10 heures the next bus is at 10 o'clock; je peux te prendre au passage I can pick you up on the way; il est de passage en France/dans notre ville he is passing through France/our town; des voyageurs de passage travellers who are passing through; des hôtes de passage short-stay guests; elle n'a que des amants de passage she only has casual relationships;4 ( franchissement) ‘passage interdit, voie privée’ ‘no entry, private road’; pour permettre le passage de la lumière in order to let the light in; les voitures se sont garées pour laisser or céder le passage à l'ambulance the cars pulled over to let the ambulance go past; on se retourne sur ton passage you make people's heads turn as you go past; notons au passage que… fig let's note in passing that…; se servir au passage lit ( en passant) to help oneself; fig ( légalement) to take a cut (of the profits); ( illégalement) to pocket some of the profits; passage en ferry/hovercraft ferry/hovercraft crossing; le passage à gué du bras de mer est possible à marée basse the sound can be forded at low tide; la voiture a peiné lors du passage du col the car had a hard time crossing the pass;5 (à la radio, télévision, au théâtre) c'est leur troisième passage à l'Olympia it's the third time they've been to the Olympia; ton passage sur scène/à la télévision a été très remarqué you made a great impact on stage/on the television; chaque passage de votre chanson à la radio vous rapportera des droits d'auteur you'll get royalties every time your song is played on the radio;6 ( chemin emprunté) ( par une personne) way; ( par une chose) path; prévoir le passage du tout-à-l'égout/de câbles to plan the route of the main sewer/of cables; pour aller jusqu'au sommet il y a plusieurs passages possibles there are several possible ways of getting to the summit; pousse-toi tu es dans mon passage move! you're in my way!; barrer le passage à qn to bar sb's way;7 ( à une situation nouvelle) passage (de qch) à qch transition (from sth) to sth; passage à la deuxième étape/la phase suivante progression to the second stage/the next phase; son passage dans la classe supérieure est compromis he/she won't be allowed to move up into the next class GB ou grade US; les rites initiatiques de passage à l'âge adulte the rites of passage into adulthood;8 ( petite rue) alley; ( dans un bâtiment) passageway;9 (de roman, symphonie) passage; ( de film) sequence;10 Équit passage.passage à l'acte Psych acting out; passage clouté† = passage pour piétons; passage à niveau level crossing GB, grade crossing US; passage obligé prerequisite (pour for); passage pour piétons pedestrian crossing, crosswalk US; passage protégé right of way; passage souterrain underground passage; ( sous une rue) subway; passage à tabac beating; subir un passage à tabac to be beaten up; passage à vide gén bad patch; (pour un acteur, artiste) unproductive period.[pasaʒ] nom masculinA.[MOUVEMENT]1. [allées et venues]prochain passage du car dans deux heures the coach will be back ou will pass through again in two hours' timelaisser le passage à quelqu'un/une ambulance to let somebody/an ambulance through, to make way for somebody/an ambulance‘passage de troupeaux’ ‘cattle crossing’2. [circulation] traffic3. [arrivée, venue]c'est le seul souvenir qui me reste de mon passage chez eux that's the only thing I remember of my visit to them‘le relevé du compteur sera fait lors de notre prochain passage’ ‘we will read your meter the next time we call’5. [franchissement - d'une frontière, d'un fleuve] crossing ; [ - d'un col] passing ; [ - de la douane] passing (through)après le passage du sucre dans l'urine after the sugar has gone ou passed into the urine‘passage interdit’ ‘no entry’le passage de l'hiver au printemps the change ou passage from winter to springle passage de l'autocratie à la démocratie the changeover ou transition from autocracy to democracy7. [dans une hiérarchie] movele passage dans la classe supérieure ÉDUCATION going ou moving up to the next class (UK) ou grade (US)8. [voyage sur mer, traversée] crossingils travaillaient durement pour payer leur passage they worked hard to pay their passage ou to pay for their crossing10. INFORMATIQUE11. PSYCHOLOGIEa. [personne] last time he was on TVb. [film] last time it was shown on TVB.[VOIE]donner ou livrer passage à quelqu'un/quelque chose to let somebody/something in[galerie commerçante] arcade3. [tapis de couloir] runner4. AUTOMOBILE5. RAIL————————au passage locution adverbiale[sur un trajet] on one's ou the wayles enfants doivent attraper la cocarde au passage the children have to catch the ribbon as they go pastj'ai noté au passage que... I noticed in passing that...————————au passage de locution prépositionnelleau passage du carrosse, la foule applaudissait when the carriage went past ou through, the crowd clapped————————de passage locution adjectivale[client] casualêtre de passage [voyageur] to be passing through————————sur le passage de locution prépositionnellepassage à tabac nom masculinpassage à vide nom masculina. [syncope] to feel faint, to faintb. [moralement] to go through a bad patchc. [intellectuellement] to have a lapse in concentration -
68 འཆི་ཁ་བར་དོ་
['chi kha bar do]intermediate state at the moment of death -
69 затворя
вж. затварям* * *затво̀ря,затва̀рям гл.1. shut, close; ( добре) shut up; \затворя някому вратата, \затворя вратата под носа на някого shut the door against/on s.o., shut the door in s.o.’s face; \затворя очи close o.’s eyes, ( плътно) seal o.’s eyes; \затворя чадър fold (up)/take down an umbrella;2. ( някого) shut up/in, coop up/in, confine; (в затвор) imprison, commit to prison; mew up; разг. sent (s.o.) down; амер. sl. can; (в лудница, затвор) lock up; ( животни) pen up/in; impound; (в капсула) encapsulate; (в сандък) encase;3. ( улица) close; ( блокирам) block, bar; \затворя граница close a border, seal off a frontier; пътят е затворен blocked road, no thoroughfare;5. ( кран) turn off, shut off; ( електричество) turn off, switch off; shut off; ( радио, ел. ключ и пр.) switch off, turn off; ( телефон) ring off, hang up; \затворя телефона на някого hang up on s.o.; • \затворя пари buy s.th. not needed at the moment; \затворя си очите turn a blind eye to; \затворя си очите за shut o.’s eyes to, overlook, connive at, wink at; \затворя си очите пред фактите run away from the facts; blench the facts; \затворя устата си, \затворя устата на някого прен. silence s.o.; snub s.o., take s.o. down a peg or two; не бива да си затваряме очите за факта there is no blinking the fact;2. (за рана) heal (up, over), close (up);3. (за човек) shut o.s. up (in);4. ( усамотявам се) retire; \затворя се в себе си retire/withdraw/sink into o.s.; • затварят ми се очите за сън I am so sleepy I can hardly keep my eyes open.* * *вж. затварям -
70 HVERR
I)(-s, -ar), m.1) kettle, cauldron;2) hot spring (hverrinn var bæði heitr ok djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave.pron.1) interrog., used both substantively and adjectively, who, which, what? hverjar ero þær meyjar? who are these maids? h. á hestinn? who owns the horse? h. er þessi maðr? who is this man? hvern enda? what end?2) indef. each, every one, as subst., with gen.; manna h., every man; fróðra h., every wise man; h. várr, each of us; as a., h. gumi, every man; hverjan or hvern dag, every day; as adv., í hverju, moment (veðrit óx í hverju);3) any (fyrir útan hverja hjálp);4) with the relat. part. ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever, whichever (þá skulu þeir þegar drepa hann h. sem hann er);5) with another pron. or adj; h. at öðrum, one after another (hverja nótt eptir aðra); at öðru hverju, every now and then, hverir tveir, every two and two; þriðja hvert ár, every three years (= á hverjum þremr árum); hverr … sinn, every one … his (hverr maðr í sínu rúmi);6) relat. (rare), who, which.* * *1.m., pl. hverar:I. a cauldron, boiler; hver kringlóttan af eiri, Stj. 564; heyrði til höddu er Þorr bar hverinn, Skálda 168, Hym. 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 27, 33, 34, 36, 39 (of a boiler); hefja af hvera, Gm. 42, = mod. taka ofan pottinn; in Gkv. 3, 6, 9, 10, ketill and hver are synonymous: hver-gætir, m. a cauldron-keeper, cook, Am. 58: hvera-lundr, m. a cauldron groove, Vsp. 39: Hver-gelmir, m. local name of the northern Tartarus, the abyss, Edda.II. metaph. in volcanic Icel. this word was taken to express the hot springs, and it is so used to the present day (in pl. often hverir), Sd. 191, Grett. 141 (hverar), Bs. i. 322, Ann. 1294, and freq. in local names. In the west the largest hverar are those in Reykjahólar, Eggert Itin. 382; in the north the Reykja-hver; Hvera-vellir in the wilderness Kjöl, 637; Reykjadals-hverar, among which the largest is the Uxa-hver, and Baðstofu-hver, 640, 641. In the east there are only a few, see Itin. 798; whereas the south is very rich in such springs, especially the neighbourhood of Haukadal (Geysir, Strokkr), see Ann. 1294; Grafar-hver, 890; Reykjaness-hverar, 895, (whence Hver-hólmr, the name of a holm); the springs in Krísuvík, 897; the hverar in Reykja-holt and Reykja-dalr: they are found even in glaciers, as in Torfa-jökull, 766.COMPDS: hverafuglar, hverahella, hverahrúðr, hveraleir, hveraslý, hverasteinar, hveravatn, hvera-lundr in Vsp. an Icel. origin of this poem is suggested by Prof. Bergmann in his Poëmes Islandaises, Paris 1838, p. 183, as the verse seems to refer to volcanic agencies.2.pron. interrog. and indef.; at the present day proncd. hvur, with u throughout, and in mod. printed books usually spelt hvör, a form no doubt derived from the dual hvárr (hvorr), used in a plur. sense: for its declension, see Gramm. p. xxi; an acc. hverjan, Hým. 39; hverjan morgin, Vsp. 22, Fb. ii. 71 (in a verse); hverjan dag, Vþm. 11, 18, 23, 41, Gm. 8, 14, 20, 29; hverjan veg, Vþm. 18; whence the contracted form hvern. [The Gothic has a threefold interrog. pron., a sing. hwas, hwo, hwa; a dual, hwaþar; and a plur. hwarjis, hwarja, hwarjata. To the first of these pronouns answers the old Icel. form hvar, A. S. hwa, Scot. who, Engl. who, Swed. ho, Dan. hvo, cp. Lat. quis; but this pronoun is defective, and remains only in the neut. hvat, q. v., Ulf. hwa, A. S. hwat, Engl. what, Germ. was, Dan.-Swed. hvad, Lat. quid: the dat. masc. hveim is obsolete, Goth. hvamme, Engl. whom, Dan. hvem: the dat. hví (see hvat II, III): a nom. masc. hvar (hva-r) seems to be used a few times in old MSS. (e. g. Kb. of the Grágás), but it is uncertain, as the word is usually abbreviated her or hur: a gen. sing. hves (Goth. hwes, North. E. whese) occurs, hves lengra, how much farther? Hom. (St.) 50; til hves, to what? 65: possibly the απ. λεγ. hós, Ls. 33, is a remnant of the old gen. To the Goth. dual answers the Icel. hvárr (hvaðarr), q. v. To the Goth. plur. answers the Icel. hverr, with characteristic j, which is used in sing. and plur. alike. In the neut. sing. the two forms, hvat and hvert, are distinguished thus, that hvat (hvað) is interrog., hvert indef., e. g. hvað barn, what bairn? but hvert barn, every bairn.]A. Interrogative, = Lat. quis, quae, quid? who, what, which? as substantive and adjective, direct and indirect; hvers fregnit mik? Vsp. 22; hverjar ro þær meyjar? Vþm. 48; hverir æsir? 30, Fsm. 8, 34; hverr er sá enn eini? Fas. ii. 529; hverir hafa tekið ofan skjöldu vára? Nj. 68; hverju skal launa kvæðit? Ísl. ii. 230; hverr er sá maðr? Fms. ii. 269; telja til hvers hann hafði neytt eði hvers úneytt, Grág. i. 155; spyrja hverja þeir vilja kveðja, ii. 24; kveða á þingmörk hver eru, i. 100; (segja) hverjar guðsifjar með þeim eru, 30; hugsa til hvers þú munt færr verða, Fms. i. 83; vita hverr þú ert, ii. 269; vita hvert biðja skal, Edda; þeir þóttusk sjá til hvers aetlað var, Fms. ix. 461; eigi veit ek til hvers ek má ætla, Bs. i. 541; hón segir honum hvers efni í eru, how matters stood, 539; þeir vissu hverju hann ætlaði fram at fara, Fms. i. 291; hann segir hverrar ættar Ólafr var, 81; sögðu með hverju (erendi) þeir höfðu farit, Eg. 281.2. with the notion of Lat. qualis; en hvat kemr þér í hug, hverr ( qualis) ek muna vera þeim Írum, ef? …, Fas. ii. 529; þeim þótti úsýnt hverr friðr gefinn væri, Fms. v. 24; sá einn veit, hverju geði styrir gumna hverr, Hm. 17.B. Indefinite pronoun, = Lat. quisque, every one, each, used both as substantive and as adjective:1. as subst.; with gen., þat sæti ætlaði sér hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; manna, seggja, lýða, gumna hverr, every one of the men, every man, Hm. 14, 17, 53–55, Sól. 49; fróðra hverr, every wise man, Hm. 7; ráðsnotra hverr, 63: absol., as in the sayings, hverr er sjálfum sér næstr; bærr er hverr at ráða sínu; djarfr er hverrum deildan verð; fróðr er hverr fregnvíss; hverr er sinnar hamingju smiðr; dauðr verðr hverr, Hallfred; hail er heima hverr, Hm.; kveðr hverr sinnar þurftar: lét harm þar tala um hvern þat er vildi, Eb. and passim: with a possess, pron., ef sér ferr hverr várr, each of us, Glúm. 329.2. as adj., á hverju þingi, Hkr. ii. 300; hverjan dag, every day, Vsp., Vþm., Gm.; í hverri tíð, at any time, Hom. 112; hver undr, Fs. 115; hverjum manni, Nj. 6; meiri ok sterkari hverjum manni, Hkr. i. 148; hver spurning liítr til svara, Sks. 307; hverr gumi, Hm. 13, passim.3. as adv., í hverju, evermore; veðrit óx í hverju, Fms. vi. 379; þykir harðna sambúðin í hverju, grew ever worse and worse, xi. 441; veðrit óx í hverri, Skáld. H. 4. 14.II. any; fyrir utan hverja hjálp, Hom. 159: esp. if following after a compar., es meiri fögnuðr boðinn á þessi tíð en á hverri annarri, Hom. (St.); hefir þetta með meirum fádæmum gengit heldr en hvert annarra, Band. 33 new Ed.III. adding the relat. particle er or sem, whosoever, whichsoever, whatsoever; hvers sem við þarf, Fms. i. 306; þá á þá sök hverr er vill, Grág. i. 10; hverr er svá er spakr, Hom. 2; hverju sinni er, whensoever, Str. 27 and passim.IV. with another pron. or adj.; hverr at öðrum, one after another, Eg. 91, Fs. 158; hvert at öðru, Fas. ii. 556; hvert sumar frá öðru, Grág. i. 92; hverja nótt eptir aðra, Þiðr. 53, 150; at öðru hverju, now and then, adverbially; hverir tveir, every two and two, by twos, Fms. iv. 299; þriðja hvert ár, every three years, Fas. ii. 64; á hverjum þremr árum, id., Stj. 573; dag inn sjaunda hvern, K. ÞK.; þriðja hvert sumar, Landn. 299; annan hvern dag, níundu hverja nótt, Skm. 21, Nj. 190.2. hverr … sinn, every … his; hverr maðr í sínu rúmi, Nj. 51; hverr sér, each separately; sér hverr, each in particular, every one; at serhverju hofi, at every single temple, Landn. 336 (App.); þó at ek greina eigi ser hvat, though I do not tell each thing in detail, Bs. i. 64; sérhverja atburði, 134; sérhverjum hlut, Fms. v. 333; sérhverjum þeirra, Nj. 256, Landn. 35, Sturl. ii. 175; sérhvern fingr, Fas. iii. 345; sérhvern mann, Fms. i. 149; allir ok sérhverir, all and several, i. e. everyone, Grág. ii. 36, 140, Eluc. 43, H. E. i. 468; einn ok sérhverr, one and all, every one, Skálda 161; hverr sem einn, each as one, all like one man, 165, Al. 91, 93, Barl. 40, Stj. 4; hvereinn, every one.C. Relative, = Lat. qui, quae, quod, Engl. who, which, only in later writers of the end of the 13th and the 14th centuries, and since freq. in N. T., Vídal., Hymns; at first it was seldom used but with the particles er, at, as in Engl. who that …, which that …; þat herbergi, í hverju er …, in which that …, Stj.; takandi vátta, hverir at sóru fullan bókareið, Dipl. ii. 2; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at þekkr mun verða, Fms. v. 159 and passim: singly, tvær jarðir, hverjar svá heita, Dipl. v. 27; Guðs orð, hver frjófgask munu, Fms. v. 159; Gerhardus, hverr með fögrum píslar-sigri fór brott, Mar.; með hverjum hann hugar-prýði vann, Fb. iii. 567. -
71 MÁL
* * *I)n.1) speech, faculty of speech (þrøngdi svá sóttarfari konungs, at hann misti málsins);þau hafa ekki mál, they are dumb;2) language, tongue;norrønt mál, the Norse tongue;3) speech, speaking (hvárt er Flosi svá nær, at hann megi heyra mál mitt);4) colloquy, talk, speech;koma á mál (or at máli) við e-n, to come to talk with, speak to;finna (hitta) e-n at máli, to obtain speech with;krefja e-n máls, to ask an interview with;leita mills við e-n (spyrja e-n máls, mæla mál of e-m), to broach a subject to one;bera mál á e-t, hafa e-t á (or at) máli, to speak (talk) of (allir menn höfðu á máli, hversu fríðr maðr hann var);lúka sínu máli, to end one’s speech;þat er mál manna, at, people say that;5) tale, story;nú er þar til máls at taka, now it must be told;6) saw, saying;fornt (fornkveðit) mál er, at, it is an old saw that;7) diction, construction of sentences;8) sentence;tvau mál, two sentences;fullt mál, a full period;9) suit, action, cause;hefja mál á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one;búa mál, to prepare a suit;sœkja mál, to prosecute;10) stipulation, agreement (ek vil halda mil við hann þan, sem mælt vóru);lauss allra mála, free of all stipulations;11) case, matter, affair (þetta mál var við Jórunni rœtt);svá er mál með vexti, the matter stands thus;var þat annat mál, another matter;miðla mál, to mediate;tillagagóðr inna stœrri mála, a good counsellor in great matters;hafa sitt mál, to have one’s own way, have one’s will (honum eirir illa, of hann hefir eigi sitt mál);hafa mikit til síns máls, to have much in support of one’s case;e-t skiptir miklu (litlu) máli, it is of great (small) importance;12) three months (mál ok misseri).n.1) measure (fimm álna er hátt mál hans);leggja, bera mál við e-t, to measure (hann lagði mál við öll in stœrstu tré);2) time, high time (mál er upp at standa);sagði, at þá var mið nótt ók at enn væri mál at sofa, and still time to sleep;3) meal;í eitt mál, at einu máli, for one single meal;deila mat at málum, to deal out food at each meal.n. inlaid ornaments (on the hilts and guards of swords).* * *1.n., old pl. ḿl, 673. 47, Greg.; [Ulf. maþl = ἀγορά; Hel. mahal = speech, meeting; Dan. maal; from the old Teut. maþl or mahal was formed the mid. Lat. mallum = parliament, public meeting (Du Cange), and mallum again was in Norman-French rendered by parliament.]A. Speech, faculty of speech; mál heitir orð …, Edda 110; þau hafa ekki mál, they are dumb, Fms. i. 97, Fs. i. 250; þröngdi svá sóttar-fari konungs at hann misti málsins, x. 148; þeir hafa eigi manns rödd né mál, Rb. 348; þeir hafa gauð fyrir mál, 346; mál, heyrn, sjón, Edda 6.II. speech as spoken, language, tongue; Norrænt mál, the Norse tongue, Fms. vii. 165; Gírskt mál, Greg. 75; í máli þeirra, til várs máls, in our tongue; í hverju máli, Skálda 161, 168; í vóru máli, 163, 166, 167, 169; í málinu, 165; kynnask várt mál at ráða þat er á Norrænu er ritað, Bs. i. 59; nema mál á Danska tungu, Grág.; rita at Norrænu máli, Hkr. (pref.); þeir skildu eigi hans mál, þá mælti kvinnan á Norrænu, Fs. 136.2. speech, speaking; hvárt er Flosi svá nær at hann megi heyra mál mitt, Nj. 36, 200; ver eigi nær honum en mál nemi, Fms. iv. 28; en skáldskapr var honum svá tiltækr, at hann mælti af tungu fram sem annat mál, 374; engi var svá vitr at snjallara mál mundi fram bera, vii. 158; snjallr í máli ok talaðr vel. ix. 535; skilr þú nokkut hérmanna mál, Fas. ii. 512; en er hann lauk sínu máli, Ld. 106, 130, Íb. 12; ok fara svá öllu máli um sem hann hafi áðr ekki um mælt, Grág. i. 40; ef hann kveðr svá at ok hafði í máli sínu, ‘heilt ráð ok heimolt,’ en eigi ella, 317; kveðr jarl þings ok mælti þeim málum á þinginu at Hákon jarl skyldi heita vargr í véum, Fms. xi. 40; tína fyrir mér öll þau mál ok athæfi er hafa þarf fyrir konungi, Sks. 301.3. speaking one to another, colloquy; vera á máli, to deliberate, converse, Vtkv., 1; hann kom opt á mál við konung, Eg. 106; engi þorði at krefja hann máls, 601; Þórdís gékk til máls við Egil frænda sinn, 765; þegar er þeir fundu menn at máli, Fms. i. 204; ef þeir vildu hafa hans mál, 241; síðan hættu þau málinu, Nj. 10; hann leitaði þá máls um við Ásgerði hverju þat gegndi, Eg. 703; ok spyrja hana máls hvar til þessi svör skulu koma, Hkr. i. 77; þat var karl ok kerling, mælti hann mál af þeim ok spurði, Fas. iii. 525; höfðu menn at máli (people noticed, of something extraordinary), at…, Fms. vii. 301; allir menn höfðu á máli, er Ólaf sá, hversu fríðr maðr hann var, Ld. 88; bera mikit mál á, Fms. x. 93; þat var mál manna, people said that; or, þat er mál manna, people say, Nj. 268, Eg. 29, Fms. vii. 150.4. a tale, narrative; nú er þat til máls at taka (of resuming the narrative after an episode), to take up the story again, Ld. 314, Nj. 16, 29, 135, 148, 196; er fyrr var getið í þessu máli, Fms. xi. 41; þar hef ek upp þat mál, Eg. 735.5. a saw; þat er fornt mál (‘tis an old saw), at bísna skal at betr verði, Fms. x. 261, Glúm. 344; á líti þeir mál in fornu, look to the old wise sayings, Sighvat (forn-mæli, q. v.)6. gramm. diction, construction of sentences; mál ok hættir, Edda 49; ef þat mál ( figure of speech) er upp er tekit haldi of alla vísu-lengd, 123; breyta háttum með máli einu, to vary the verses with the sentences, Edda 124 (for specimens see lit. 9–23); tvau mál, two sentences; fullt mál, a full period; hér lýkr máli, lúka heilu máli, a sentence closes; annat ok þriðja vísu-orð er sér um mál, ok er þat stál kallat, of the intercalary sentences in poetry, Edda 125; þeir kölluðu at hann hafði eigi rétt ort at máli, Fms. v. 209; samhljóðendr megu ekki mál eðr atkvæði göra einir við sik, Skálda; hér er mál fullt í hverju vísu-orði, Edda; Skáldskapar-mál, poetical diction, id.; bragar-mál, id., 124.7. mál is the name of old songs containing old saws or sentences, such as the Háva-mál; as also of poems in a dialogue (mál); all such poems were in a peculiar metre called mála-háttr, which is opposed to the epic kviðu-háttr, thus, Grímnis-mál, Vafþrúðnis-mál, Alvís-mál, Hamðis-mál, Hákonar-mál, Eiríks-mál; in some instances the name has been applied erroneously, e. g. Atla-mál; the Rígs-mál is a name given in modern times, the old name was Rígs-þula.B. As a law phrase, with the notion of public speaking, action, or the like:1. a suit, action, cause; hefja mál á hendr e-m, Fms. vii. 130; hafa mál á höndum, Grág. i. 38; sókn skal fyrr fara fram hvers máls en vörn, nema þat sé allt eitt, ok sé þat annars máls sókn er annars er vörn, 59; Njáll nefndi vátta ok sagði únýtt málit, Nj. 36; ekki á Bjarkeyjar-réttr á því máli at standa, Fms. vii. 130; þeir veittu Gizuri hvíta at hverju máli, Nj. 86; báru þeir kvið um mál Otkels, 87; færa mál fram at dómi, Grág, i. 135; sækja mál, to prosecute, Nj. 86, 99; sækja mál lögliga ok réttliga, Fms. vii. 133; Gunnarr sótti málit þar til er hann bauð til varna, Nj. 36; en um tólf mánuðr stendr þeirra mál, the case stands over for twelve months, Grág. i. 143; sækja mál á þingi, Nj. 36; færa vörn fyrir mál, 87; mál kemr í dóm, Glúm. 365; höfða mál, to institute a suit, Grág. i. 142; búa mál, to prepare a suit, of the preliminaries, Glúm. 365, passim; leggja mál undir e-n (as umpire), Nj. 105; hafa sitt mál, to get one’s verdict, win the suit, passim; vera borinn máli, to be cast, convicted, N. G. L. i. 122: to be beaten, get the worst, passim: vígs-mál, legorðs-mál, fé-mál, etc.2. an indictment, charge;þá eru þeir varðir máli ef þeir fá þann bjargkvið, Grág. i. 54; ok versk hann þá málinu, 317; at upp skyldi vera rannsókn en þau ór málinu ef hann hittisk eigi þar, Ld. 44; ek vil svara því máli, I will answer that charge, Nj. 99; ok bað Sigurð Hranason svara þar málum fyrir sik, Fms. vii. 130; á hann kost at láta varða skóggang eða görtæki, ef hann vill til hins meira máls færa ok skal hann stefna ok láta varða skóggang, Grág. i. 430; hann spurði alla ena beztu menn, hvert mál þeim þætti Gunnarr eiga á þeim nöfnum fyrir fjörráðin, Nj. 105; leynd mál, hidden charges, Grág. i. 362.3. procedure, order; at alþingis-máli réttu ok allsherjar-lögum, Nj. 87: pleading, enda er svá sem þeir mæli eigi þeim ḿlum nema þeir vinni eiða at, Grág. ii. 342.4. stipulation, agreement; mál meginlig, Vsp.; bregða máli, Grág. i. 148; ok skilja þeir eigi þat mál görr, en svá, 136; nema þau vili annat mál á göra, 336; en ek skal lauss allra mála ef hann kemr eigi svá út, Ísl. ii. 217; skulu þeirra manna mál standask, Grág. i. 296: engagement, ok vitja málanna fyrir hönd okkra beggja, Fms. xi. 104.5. transactions; en hvert sem at þessum málum var setið lengr eða skemr, Ld. 22.6. a case; lá ek þá í vöggu er þær skyldu tala um mitt mál, Fas. i. 340; mál hans stendr í miklum háska, Mar.; en þó skaltu svá um þitt mál hugsa, … at þá munt þú skamt eiga úlifat, Nj. 85; at hvárir-tveggju hafi nakkvat síns máls, Jb. 12; þat er mál Sigurðar konungs at mæla til Inga konungs, Fms. vii. 221; festi járnburð, at svá skyldi sanna mál hans, 230; honum eirir ílla ef hann hefir eigi sitt mál, Ísl. ii. 237; þá skal sá þeirra hafa sitt mál er eið vill at vinna, Grág. i. 393; Þórólfr bað Ölvi byrja mál sitt við konung, Eg. 62; at vit fáim rétt af þessu máli, 40; flytja mál sitt, Ld. 180; muntú mér verða at trúa til málanna þinna allra, Fms. xi. 104; allir er eiðsvarar erut við þetta mál, Nj. 192; eiga síðan allt mitt mál undir yðr fóstbræðrum, Fas. ii. 532; þetta mál var við Jórunni rætt, Ld. 22; þykki mér nú vandast málit, Nj. 4; svá er mál með vexti, the case is this, Lv. 43, Fas. iii. 59; var þat annat m., another affair, Nj. 256; ekki eru þau efni í um várt mál, Ld. 76; konungr átti dóm á þeirra máli, id.; ber hann upp fyrir bróður sinn málit, hann berr upp málit ok biðr Unnar, ok undra ek er þú ferr með því máli, Fas. i. 364; Austmaðrinn heldr nú á málinu við bónda Nj. 259; ef þér vilit göra málit at álitum, 3; svara þessu máli, Fms. vii. 124; miðla mál, to mediate, Íb. 12; inna stærri mála, in important cases, Nj. 2.7. special phrases, e-t skiptir miklu, litlu … máli, to bear much or little upon a case, to be of great (small …) importance, Eg. 742, Ó. H. 31, passim: skiptir þá eigi máli, Grág. i. 43; varða máli, id.; ef honum þætti máli varða at hann næði því, Rd. 260: þú kvaddir þess kviðar er eigi átti máli at skipta um víg Auðúlfs, who had no concern with the slaying of A., Nj. 87.C. COMPDS, máls- and mála-: máls-afglöpun, f. a false or collusive action, whereby the suit is lost, Grág. i. 494. máls-bót, f. an excuse, exculpation, Fms. vii. 207; esp. in plur., hafa sér e-ð til málsbóta, to use as an excuse. mála-efni, n. pl. a cause, its circumstances and nature, Nj. 47, Háv. 51; íll málaefni, a bad case, Fs. 41. 138, Ó. H. 150, Band. 12. máls-endi, a, m., see málsemd. máls-eyrendi, n. a discourse, Sturl. i. 140. mála-ferli, n. pl. lawsuits, litigation, Fs. 47, Eg. 644, Nj. 78, Sturl. i. 105, Fær. 109. mála-flutningr, m. the conduct of a suit, Hrafn. 17. mála-fylgjumaðr ( mála-fylgismaðr), m. a lawyer; mikill m., a great taker up of suits, Nj. 1, Bs. i. 82. máls-fylling, f. the conclusion of a case, Fb. iii. 451. máls-grein, f. a sentence, Skálda 174, 181, Bs. i. 753 ( a passage in a letter): a phrase, Stj. 79, Edda 49; partr málsgreinar = pars orationis, Skálda 180: diction, style, Edda 120. mála-háttr, m. [mál, háttr], a kind of metre, Edda 142, where a specimen is given. máls-hattr, m. a phrase, Stj. 67, 126: = málsgrein, Skálda 170: a proverb, saying, Fms. ii. 33, Fas. iii. 104, Stj. 133, passim. málshátta-safn, n. a collection of proverbs. mála-hlutr or máls-hlutr or -hluti, a, m. one side of a case or suit eiga enn þyngra málahlut, Ísl. ii. 172; þá ferr ílla m. várr ( our case), Lv. 95: a share, mun sá verða m. várr beztr, Nj. 88; nú kann vera, at ek kunna ekki at sjá málahlut til handa mér, en vilja munda ek halda sæmd minni, Sturl. i. 105. mála-kosta, u, f. a complaint, pleading in a case, Sturl. i. 613, H. E. i. 457. mála-leitan, f. a negotiation, the mooting a question, Eg. 521, Eb. 130, Fms. vii. 299, Orkn. 56. mála-lenging, f. useless prolongation. mála-lok, n. pl. the end of a case, conclusion, Eb. 106, Nj. 102, Bs. i. 68. mála-lyktir, f. pl. = málalok, Eb. 24, 36, Nj. 88, Fms. vii. 14. máls-löstr, m. bad grammar, Skálda 181. mála-maðr, m. = málafylgju-maðr, Dropl. 6, Ld. 298, Boll. 354. mála-mannligt, n. adj. like, worthy of a málamaðr, Bs. i. 751. máls-metandi, part., m. maðr, a person of mark. mála-mynd, f.; til málamyndar, only for appearance, not seriously. máls-orð, n. a word in a sentence, Edda 124, 126, 128. máls-partr, m. a part of speech, Skálda 185: a part in a suit, mod. máls-rödd, f. = málrómr, Stj. 81. mála-skil, n. pl. knowledge of proceeding. Sturl. iii. 10. mála-skot, n. an appeal in a case, K. Á. 218. mála-sóku, f. a lawsuit, prosecution, Nj. 248. máls-spell, n. a flaw in a suit, Nj. 170, Fms. x. 12. mála-sönnun, f. evidence, Mar. mála-tilbúningr or mála-tilbúnaðr, m. the preparation of a suit, Grág. i. 490, Eb. 282, Nj. 36, 100. mála-tilleitan, f. = málaleitan, Þórð. 67. mála-vöxtr, m. the state of a case, Fms. vi. 11, Al. 113, Bs. i. 67, Nj. 79. máls-þörf, f. a wish to speak, Fms. vi. 374.2.n. [Ulf. mêl = χρόνος, καιρός; A. S. mâl; Engl. meal; Germ. mahl; Dan. and Swed. maal, mâl = a mark]:—a measure: hann mælti grundvöll undir húss, þat var þeirra átrúnaðr ef málit gengi saman, þá er optarr væri reynt, at þess manns ráð mundi saman ganga, ef mál-vöndrinn þyrri, en þróask ef hann vissi til mikilleiks, gékk nú málit saman ok var þrem sinnum reynt, Korm. 8; fimm álna er hátt mál hans, Fms. vi. 929; ganga undir mál, to undergo a mál (for measuring one’s height); þat sögðu menn at þeir hefði jafnmiklir menn verit, þá er þeir gengu undir mál, Ld. 178; leggja, bera mál við, to measure; hann lagði mál við öll in stærstu tré, 216; með því sama máli sem þér mælit út mun yðr verða aptr mælt, Mar.; bar hón mál á, ok þurfti þá þrjár álnar ok þver hönd, Bs. ii. 168; kunna maga mál, to know the measure of one’s stomach, Hm. 20.2. a length of sixteen fathoms, D. N. (Fr.)B. Temp. [Ulf. mêl = χρόνος, καιρός], a ‘meal,’ of time, i. e. a certain portion of time:I. time, high time; skipverjum þótti mál ór hafi, Landn. 206: with infin., Vsp. 14, Hm. 111, Skm. 10, Bm. 1; mönnum væri mál at lýsa sökum sínum, Nj. 149; at mál væri at ganga at sofa, Fms. ii. 138; mælti biskup at mál væri at sofa, 139; sagði mál at ríða, Orkn. 48: adding a dat., mál er mér at ríða, Hkv. 2. 47: ok er mál at vit farim, Fær. 255; mál er at leita at hestum várum, Korm. 182; ok er allt mál at ættvíg þessi takisk af, Ld. 258; ok er nú mál at hætta, Fms. vi. 212: e-m er mál (of stools):—í mál, in due time; þóat í mál yrði borinn kviðrinn, Grág. i. 54.2. the moment, nick of time (mál, q. v.); at hann var þar þá nótt, ok á því máli …, of an alibi, N. G. L. i. 309.II. the meal-time, morning and evening, Edda 103; hence of cattle, missa máls, to miss the time, sheep lost or astray for a day so that they cannot be milked, Grág. ii. 230, 231; kvikfénaðr missir máls, Snót; hence málnyta. q. v.; deila mat at málum, to deal out meat at each meal, Grág. i. 149; í hvert mál, Hm. 36; í eitt mál, for one single ‘meal,’ Karl. 347, Grág. i. 293; fæða þá í tvau mál, ii. 400; í bæði mál (see i B, p. 317): at því máli = Germ. diesmahl, Korm. (in a verse); þat er ok mitt ráð þó þat sé at fyrra máli at menn snæði nokkut, Fb. ii. 676; þat vilda ek at þær æti at einu máli kýr Hálfdanar bróður míns, Ó. H. 64; ef ættak at málungi mat, if I had meat from meal to meal, Hm.2. of the day marks; dag-mál = day-meal = 9 o’clock A. M.; and nátt-mál, night-time = 9 o’clock P. M.; í fyrra málið, to-morrow morning; eg skal koma í fyrra málið.III. of the seasons of the year; í misseri eru mál tvau, í máli eru mánuðr þrír, Rb. 6; mál ok misseri, Hm.; sumar-mál, the time when summer sets in (middle of April), opp. to vetr-nætr, when winter sets in; hríð-mál. q. v.COMPDS: málamatr, málamjólk, málsverðr.3.n. [Ulf. mêl = γραφή and γράμμα; Hel. mâl = imago, effigies; cp. also Goth. maljan = γράφειν, whence mod. Germ. mahlerei, mahlen, = pingere]:—prop. ‘a drawing,’ but it is used in old writers only of inlaid ornaments on spear’s heads or on the hilts and guards of swords; görir Þorgrímr þar af spjót, mál vóru í, Gísl. 18; hann hafði króka-spjót í hendi haugtekit ok allgóð mál í, Ld. 78; spjót, þá fann hann blóð í málunum, Glúm. 344; stál bjartra mála, Korm. 1; gull-mál (q. v.), Þiðr. 110; stála-mál, inlaid work of steel, Ht. R. 33. For specimens of ‘mál’ see Worsaae, Nos. 325, 331; a plate with inlaid work on the outside and a Runic inscription on the inside was found in Oct. 1870 in the cairn Greenmount in Ireland, and is described by Major-General Lefroy.COMPDS: málajárn, málasax, málaspjót, málasteinn. -
72 VIÐ
I)prep. with dat. and acc.I. with dat.1) against;hann sló honum niðr v. steininum, he dashed his head against the stone;hús liggja v. velli, the houses lie in ruins;kasta sér niðr v. velli, to cast oneself down on the ground;er inn efri kjöptr v. himni, en inn neðri við jörðu, the upper jaw touches the heaven, the lower the earth;hann hjó hann upp v. garðinum, he smote him close by the fence;skera af sér strenginn við øxinni, to cut the string, asunder against the axe;2) against, towards, of direction;horfa v. e-m, to look towards, face;3) along with (hann hafði marga smiðu v. sér);4) with, of an instrument (jarl hljóp upp v. sverði);5) among;gengu síðan í sæti sin v. öðrum mönnum, among other men;6) denoting barter, exchange, against, for (geta gull v. grjóti);7) denoting remedy, against (hjálpa e-m v. e-u);8) against, denoting contest, warding off (hafa liðsafla v. e-m);hafa (viz. afl) v. e-m, to be one’s match;9) ellipt. usages;stinga v. fótum, to stop;hrífa v., to catch hold;búast v., to make oneself ready;risa v., to withstand;hvatz hann fiðr v., whatsoever he may object;II. with acc.1) by, at, close to (sníða skeggit við hökuna);skjöldr við skjöld, shield to shield;v. Sandhólaferju, at Sandholferry;v. veginn, by the wayside;v. ána, by the river;draga segl v. hún, to hoist the sail to the top;festa e-n v. meið, tré, to fasten to a pole, tree;binda v. fót e-s, to bind up a broken leg;dró upp flóka v. austr, in the east;2) of time, towards, at;v. solar-setr, at sunset;v. sól, with the sun, at sunrise;v. aptan, towards evening;vera v. aldr, to be stricken in years;3) at, by (vera heima v. bú sitt);Hrútr var v. skip um sumarit, H. stayed by his ship during the summer;sitja v. stýri, to sit at the rudder;styðja sik v. e-t, to lean on;ganga v. staf, to walk with a staff;vera v. e-t, to be present at;sitja v. drykk, to sit at drink;í sýn v. bœinn, within sight of the town;5) denoting company, with (bauð þeim heim vill alla sína menn);v. annan, þriðja, fjórða mann, being two, three, four altogether;6) towards (a person or thing), respecting, regarding (mildr, blíðr, góðr v. e-n);til gæzlu v. e-n: for keeping, watching one;hræddr v. e-n, afraid of one;7) of cause, by, at;falla v. högg, to fall by a stroke;sigla v. stjörnuljós, to sail by starlight;verða reiðr v. e-t, to become wroth at;8) as compared with, set off against (þrjóta mun okkr illsku v. þik);eigi minna virðr en v. konunginn, of equal worth with the king;9) according to, after (gera klæði v. vöxt e-s);v. sik, in proportion;hann var skapaðr allr v. sik, well shaped, symmetrical;vita, hvat v. sik væri, to know what was the matter;10) denoting means, with, by (v. þessar fortölur);tendra eld v. e-t, to make fire by;11) ellipt. usages;bregða við, to start;hann þagði v., he remained silent;fá v. þrjú skip, to add three ships;þurfa v., to need;bjarga, hjálpa e-u v., to help, put right;koma e-u við, to bring about.(gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. withy, withe; collar (viðjar af gulli).pers. pron. dual, we two.* * *1.f., gen. sing. viðjar, pl. viðjar, [Dan. vidje; Engl. withy; akin is víðir, q. v.]:— a withy or with; síðan var viðin ( a withy halter) dregin á hals honum, Fms. vii. 13 (see v. l.); þarmarnir urðu at viðu (sic) sterkri, Fas. iii. 34; ef röng eða viðjar slitna, Jb. 398; var enginn saumr í, en viðjar fyrir kné, of a boat, Fms. vii. 216; höggva tré til viðja, K. Þ. K. 88; viðjar af gulli ok silfri, on a dog, Hkr. i. 136, Fas. iii. 45; tún-svín þat er hringr, knappr eða við sé í rana, Grág. ii. 232; stjórn-við, the ‘rudder-withy,’ the strap in which the paddle-like rudder moved, like the ζευκτηρίαι in Act. Apost. xxvii. 40.2.pron. pers. dual (= vit), we two (see ek C); this spelling, which is also that of the oldest vellums, answers to the mod. pronunciation, passim: in mod. usage it has quite taken the place of the old plur. vér.3.prep., also used ellipt. without its case, or simply as an adverb; við is a curtailed form of viðr, which latter form remains in a few compds, even in mod. usage, thus, viðr-eign, viðr-kenna, viðr-nefni, viðr-lífi, viðr-væri; when found singly, við is the common form in Icel.; but as in MSS. it is commonly abbreviated, v̾, the two forms are hardly distinguishable; við, however, is received as the usual form, viðr being more freq. in Norse vellums, and in some later Icel. vellums imitating the Norse spelling: [Goth. wiþra = πρός; A. S. wider; cp. Scot. wither-shins; O. H. G. widar; Germ. wieder; but Engl. with; Dan. ved; Swed. wäd]:—against, towards, etc.WITH DAT.A. Against, denoting a leaning or resting on, striking against, or the like; hann hjó hann upp við garðinum, smote him standing against the wall, Nj. 120; stinga höndum við berginu, Symb. 59; ganga við brekkunni, up-hill, against the hill, cp. Lat. adversus montem, Valla L. 212; skjóta við honum skildinum, Fms. i. 44; ljósta skildi við kesjunni, Eg. 378; hann spyrndi við svá fast … spyrna við grunni, Edda 36; kasta sér niðr við vellinum, Nj. 58; leggja e-n við velli, Boll. 344; slá honum niðr við steininum, dashed his head against the stone, Finnb. 292; hann drap hann við borðinu, Korm. 236; hjó af honum höfuð við stokkinum, Fas. ii. 285; ok lagði (þá) við stokki, Am. 73; hús liggja við velli, lie down in ruins, Fms. iii. 144; er hinn efri kjöptr við himni enn hinn neðri við jörðu, the upper jaw touching the heaven, the lower the earth, Edda 41; skera af sér strenginn við öxinni, rubbing it against the axe, Nj. 136; vóru segl hans at sjá við hafi, the sails were seen out at sea, far in the offing, Fas. ii. 403.II. against, towards, of direction; gapa við tunglinu, Fas. iii. 622; horfa við e-m, to look towards, face, Eg. 293; horfa baki við e-m, Hkr. iii. 384; líta við e-m, Nj. 132, Fms. i. 125, vii. 314; horfa vid landi, A.A. 24; snúa baki við e-m, Fas. i. 296; snúask við e-m, Hkr. ii. 120.III. along with, with, denoting company; hann hafði við sér harpara einn, Str. 57; hann hafði marga smiðu við sér, Fms. ix. 377; fór Margaðr ok Guthormr við honum, Hkr. iii. 113; at Ástríðr mundi vera við feðr sínum, i. 188; er hér ok Sigurðr við jarli, Fms. ix. 327; hann var þar upp fæddr við henni, x. 421; bjóðum vér þér við Hákoni þangat, ix. 252; ferr heim við sínum mönnum, Rd. 312; fór hann við liði sínu, Hkr. iii. 44; við hundrað skipum, Fas. i. 461; gengr síðan í sæti sín við oðrum mönnum, Fms. x. 17; bað biskup ríða við sér (= með sér), 6.2. with, of an instrument; jarl hljóp upp við sverði, Fms. ix. 340; sjau menn við vápnum, viii. 14; gengu tveir menn við merkjum, x. 15: the phrase, eiga, ala, geta barn við kouu, Grág., Fms. i. 113, iii. 110, Ld. 102, Eg. 31; merrin fékk við þeim hesti, Landn. 195.3. spec. usages; við góðum vinskap, Boll. 362; halda vináttu við föstum trúnaði, Fms. ix. 375; at þær sagnir muni vera við sannindum, true, viii. 6; at berjask við honum eðr við honum lífit láta, ix. 332; fara við herskildi … eyða land við eldi, x. 134; ausa e-t við moldu, Hkr. i. 220; skipuðu mörgum hlutum við (with, among) sínum mönnum, Fms. x. 91; gengu síðan í sæti sín við öðrum mönnum, among other men, 17; skreiðask fram við (= með) landinu, viii. 437.4. = ok, with, together with; Þórr við Grimni = Th. and G., Hallfred; höfuð við hjarta, head and heart, Kormak.B. METAPH. USAGES:I. denoting barter, exchange, against, for (like Gr. ἀντί); gefa gull við grjóti, Fas. iii. 45; selja við verði, Fms. i. 80; seldu mik við hleifi, Hm.; við litlu verði, Eg. 100; við fémútu, Nj. 215; meta e-t við silfri, Fms. x. 5; gefa margra manna líf við yðvarri þrályndi, iv. 194.2. denoting remedy, against; beiti við bit-sóttum en við bölvi rúnar, Hm. 140; hjálpa e-m við e-u, to help against, passim.II. against, denoting contest, warding off, withstanding; hafa afla við e-m, Lv. 43; hafa liðs-afla, liðs-kost við e-m, Ld. 372, Hkr. i. 272: ellipt., hafa (viz. afi) við e-m, to be one’s match, Lv. 109; þótti sem engi mundi hafa við þeim í vígi, Nj. 89; eg hefi ekki við þér, I cannot lift with (i. e. am no match for) thee; ábyrgjask e-t við e-u, Grág. ii. 216, 364; forða e-m við háska, Edda i. 116; halda þá við ágangi Hákonar, Fms. i. 224; varðveita e-n við e-u, Grág.; ekki hélzk við þeim, Eg. 125; rísa við e-m, Sturl. ii. 119; vera búinn, van-búinn við e-m, Ld. 324; sat hann þar við áhlaupum Dana, Fms. i. 28; vinna við sköpum, Fas. i. 199; sporna við e-u, göra við e-u, see göra, sporna; ef þat nemr við förinni, Ld. 70 (see nema A.I. 7, 8); mæla við e-u, Hkr. ii. 198; tölðu allir við förinni, Greg. 28; setja hug sinn við e-u, Fms. x. 232; kveða nei við e-u, Sturl. i. 27; drepa hendi við e-u, Hkr. ii. 164; reiðask við e-u, Nj. 182; e-m ríss hugr við e-u, Fas. i. 30; mér býðr við e-u, to loathe; sjá við e-u, to shun; varna við e-u, to beware of; vera hætt við e-u, in danger of, Ísl. ii. 262; ú-hætt við e-u, safe, Landn. 319.III. with verbs;liggja við e-u, to lie on the verge of; honum lá við falli, Fas. iii. 261; búið við skipbroti, Ísl. ii. 245; honum var við andhlaupi, Eg. 553; sjá, horfa, líta … við e-u, to look towards; taka við e-u, to receive; búask við e-u, to prepare for, expect, Ld. 106; verða vel, ílla, við e-u, to behave well, ill, on some occasion; komask við veðri, see veðr.IV. ellipt. usages; þeir snerusk þá við, turned round, facing, Nj. 245; hón drap við hendi, Lv. 38; hann laust við atgeirinum, Nj. 84.; hann stakk við forkinum, Eg. 220; hann stakk við fótum, stopped, Finnb. 300; hrífa við, to catch hold, Bs. i. 197, 423, Gísl. 125; búask við, to make oneself ready; göra við, to resist; rísa við, to withstand, Fs.; at ek bjóða við tvenn verð, Ld. 146; hvatz hinn fiðr við, whatsoever he may object, Nj. 99; taka við, to begin where another stops; þú skalt gefa mér við ( in return) verjuna, Fbr.WITH ACC.A. By, at, close to:I. denoting proximity; skjöldr við skjöld, shield to shield, in a row, Nj. 125; skip við skip, Ó. H. (in a verse); samnask hlutr við hlut, Rb. 108; hálsinn við herðarnar, Ld. 40; sníða skeggið við hökuna, Eg. 564; við bryggju-sporðinn, Fms. i. 14; grafa barn við kirkju-garð út, K. Þ. K.; uppi við fjallit, Eg. 137; við Sandhóla-ferju, Nj. 29; við vaðit, 83; við veginn, by the way-side, Fb. ii. 330; hér við ána, by the river, Ld. 46; búa við Þjórsá, Nj. 93; liggja við land, Fms. i. 14; við Ísland, Grág.; binda stein við hálsinn, Ld. 154; draga segl við hún, hoist sail to the top, Hkr. ii. 6; reka spora við eyra e-m, Nj. 82; festa e-n við meið, tré, to fasten to a pole, a tree, Glúm. 391; nísta við gólfit, to pin it to the floor (see nista); binda við fót e-s, to bind up a broken leg, Bárð. 167; dró upp flóka við austr, in the east, Vígl. 22.2. temporal, towards, at; við vetr sjálfan, Fms. ii. 97; Krók. 51 C; við sólar-setr, Fas. i. 514; við sól, with the sun, at sunrise. Eg. 717; við aptan, towards evening, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 143; við þat sjálft, at that moment, Fms. xi. 432; bregða í kross við hvert orð, at every word, K. Þ. K.; vera við aldr, to be stricken in years, Eb. 18, Ísl. ii. 192, Fms. ii. 81; ef barn er við dauða, on the point to die, N. G. L. i. 345; við sjálft, on the verge of (see sjálfr); við váða sjálfan, búið við geig, on the verge of, Eg. 158; Grettir var við svefn, just asleep, Grett. 127.3. phrases, við svá búit, after all done, often with the notion of ‘in vain, nothing having been done’ (búa B. II. δ); fóru við þat heim, Fms. i. 54, ix. 469, Nj. 127; skildu við þetta, 260, Ísl. ii. 217.II. at, to; Hrútr er við skip, Nj. 4; Hrútr var við búð, 79; vera heima við bú sitt, 215; hanga upp við siglu-rá, Fas. iii. 659; bundinn við staf, Eg. 232; fastr við altara, fastened to the altar, Vm. 110; styðja sik vid e-t, to lean on, Fms. ix. 512; sitja upp við hægindit, leaning on it, Ld. 16; sitja upp við vegginn, Nj. 153; ganga við staf, 219; ganga við tréfót, Eb. 66; styðjask við höndina, Fas. i. 228; rísa upp við olboga, Þórð. 15; sitja við stýri, at the rudder, Eg. 385; hafa barn við brjóst, to have a bairn at breast, N. G. L. i. 340; leggja, bæta, auka, við e-t, to add to; blanda við e-t, to mix with; vera við e-t, to be present at, Ld. 92, Eg. 540; sitja við drykk, mat, to sit at drink, meat, Eg. 303, 420.III. denoting association, together with; vera samþingi, samfjórðungs við e-n, Grág. ii. 237; vera saman við e-n, vera samvista við e-n, eiga samneyti við, vera sammæðr við e-n, passim; vera utan-fjórðungs við víg, Grág. ii. 89; vera við e-t riðinn; þeir vildu eigi vera hér við heiðna menn, Íb. 4; búa við e-n, Gísl. 17.2. direction; í sýn við bæinn, Fas. ii. 507; í örskots-helgi við garðinn, Grág.; standa í höggfæri við e-n, Nj. 97; við þat lík at lifa, Hm.IV. denoting company, with; bauð þeim heim við alla sína menn, Vígl. 27; riðu við sextigi manna, Nj. 10, 213, Ld. 164; gékk á land við einn svein, Fms. ix. 502; sækja land við útlendan her, Hkr. i. 198; við fá, marga … menn, Fas. i. 35; the phrase, við annan, þriðja fjórða … mann (see annarr I. 1); þú ert hér kominn við svá mikit fé, Ld. 112; sækja mál við níu búa, Grág.; við váttorð, Kb. i. 103; leyfa e-t við vitni, Ld. 104; bjóða e-t við váttorð, in the presence of, by witnesses, Nj. 243.B. METAPH. USAGES:I. towards a person or thing, respecting, regarding; hryðja við aðilja, Grág. (Kb.) i. 127; missa fjár síns við þjóf, Grág.; skilja við e-n, to part with (see skilja); til metnaðar við sik, Edda i. 20; til huggunar við sik, Ld. 228; til þjónustu við e-n, Eg. 28; til gæzlu við e-n, for keeping, watching one, Ld. 152; ganga, koma, fara til fundar, til móts … við e-n, 62, 90, Nj. 4, Eg. 101; mildr, blíðr, léttr, kátr, ástúðigr, góðr, harðr, grimmr, reiðr, harðráðr, stríðr, … við menn, mild … towards, Nj. 2, 47, 48; víkjast undan við e-n, Ld. 42; fyrir kapps sakir við e-n, til liðveizlu, hjálpar … við e-n, Eg. 44, Nj. 75; sýna vinskap, halda vinskap við e-n, Ld. 150; leggja ást við e-n, 34; líka vel, ílla við e-n, Nj. 53; eiga eyrindi við e-n, Eg. 260; eiga orð við e-n, 255; hafa lög við e-n, Nj. 106; tala, mæla, ræða, segja, spjalla við e-n, to talk, speak … with a person, passim; skipta, eiga, … við e-n, to deal… with; berjask, deila við e-n, to fight with, against; göra e-t við e-n, so to act with, Greg. 43; reyna e-t við e-n, to contend with one, Nj. 46, 94, Edda i. 106; hafa misgört við e-n, Fms. viii. 103; láta vaxa óþokka við e-n, Nj. 107; tilför við Gunuar, 101; mála-tilbúnaðr við e-n, 100; sekr við e-n, útlagr við goða, Grág.2. hræddr við e-n, afraid of one; verða varr við e-t, to perceive; vanr við e-t, used to a thing; hann var svá vanr við vini sína, Fms. viii. 220; fella sik við e-t, kunna við e-t, to apply oneself to, to like.II. of cause, by, at; falla við högg, to fall by a stroke, Nj. 163; hrata við lagit, Eg. 379; vakna við e-t, Fas. ii. 116; vakna við draum; verða glaðr, reiðr, hryggr, úkátr … við e-t, to become glad, wroth … at, Íb. 10, Eg. 102, 321, passim; bregða sér við e-t, Ld. 190: by, við minn atbeina, Fms. vi. 66; við samþykki e-s, Eg. 165; við ráð e-s, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 30; gört þat við einræði þitt, Ld. 188; et þat at vánum við skaplyndi Þorgeirs, Nj. 255; hlaða seglum við mikinn háska, with great danger, Korm. 168; sigla við stjörnu-ljós, to sail by star-light, Fms. i. 24; lesa við ljós, to read with a light; búa sik við skart, to dress fine.III. as compared with, set off against; sex sær við kú, Grág. i. 502–504; selja, virðing sína við íllgirni þínaa, Eb. 160; þrjóta mun mik íllsku við þik. Hkr. i. 322; mik skortir við hann, Nj. 90; hafa afta við e-n, Eg. 187; eigi minna virðr enn við konunginn, i. e. of equal worth with the king, Fms. xi. 45; er þetta við mikla fémuni, Hrafn. 19; fjórðungi skerð við goðorð önnur, Grág. (Kb.) i. 211; Skotland er þriðjungr ríkis við England, Nj. 266; þriðjung við liðsmenn, Eg. 57; at þriðjungi við ykkr, Ld. 102; helming við hann, Fms. i. 22; gaf þeim hálfar tekjur við sik, 7.IV. við þann kost, on that condition, Grág. (Kb.) i. 233: of medicine, for, við svefnleysi, við orms-bit, við offeitan kvið …, Lækn.: in mod. usage dat., and so in Hm. 138.V. denoting fitness, proportion; göra klæði við vöxt e-s, Eg. 516; við þeirra hæfi, 109; er þat ekki við þitt æði, Ld. 298; vera við alþýðu-skap, Fs. 63; við sik, in proportion, B. K. 8; neyta skógar við sik sem þarf, Grág. ii. 292; þat er hann má eigi sjálfr við sik njóta, himself alone, 623. 21; hann var skapaðr allr við sik, well shaped, symmetrical, Fas. i. 173; fagrt ok allt vel við sik, Fms. x. 321; veðrit vesnaði en nátt-myrkr á við sik. Bjarn. 52; vita hvat við sik væri, to know what was the matter, Fms. xi. 11, Fas. ii. 516; leggja mál við tré, Ld. 316; draga kvarða við lérept, vaðmál, Grág. i. 497, 498.VI. with, by, denoting means; tendra eld við fjallrapa, to light fire with, Bs. i. 7; við þessar fortölur, Ld. 204; kom svá við umtölur góðra manna, Nj. 267; við áskoran þína, 258; mýkjask við e-t, Fms. v. 239; húð skorpnuð við eld, Nj. 208.VII. with verbs; lifa við skömm, meizlur, harm, lifa við slíka harma, to live with or in shame, sorrow, Nj. 92, Hkr. ii. 107, Eg. 604, Ld. 332; leika við e-n, Nj. 2; kaupa við e-n, Grág.; binda við e-t, to bind, fasten to; sætta, rægja, friða e-n við e-n, Eg. 226, Grág. ii. 99; tala, … við e-n, to speak, deal … with, Nj. 2, 197, Ld. 22 (see I); hefja upp bónorð við e-n, Eg. 38; leita eptir við e-n, leita ráða við e-n, eiga hlut at við e-n, Nj. 75, 101, 213, Eg. 174; fæða, lifa, fæðask, ala, búa, bjargast, við e-t, to feed, live, subsist … on, Edda i. 46, Fms. i. 226, v. 219, Nj. 236, passim; vera við e-t, to be present at, and metaph. to enjoy, Hom. 87, Edda (pref.); nema lyfsteinn sé við riðinn, Ld. 250; hann brá upp við fætinum (viz. við lagit), Nj. 264; binda við e-t, to bind to, Fms. ix. 358; at þeim heimilum ok í örskotshelgi við (viz. þau) á alla vega, Grág. (Kb.) i. 88; þar við, hér við, at engi mundi þar þora við at etja, Nj. 89.2. hagr við e-t, skilful at; kunna vel við e-t, id.; skjarr við skot, Ls.; temja, venja, … við e-t; drekka við sleitur (see sleita); kveða við raust, Sturl. iii. 317, Eg. 554; syngja vid tón, Sturl. iii. 210; búa sik við skart, skikkja búin við gull, Fms. x. 199; skyrta saumuð við gull, embroidered with, Fas. ii. 529; glóa við gull, to glow or gleam with gold, Lex. Poët.VIII. elliptical or ad- verbial usages; bregða við, to start; hann þagði við, remained silent, Nj. 2; verða bilt, felmt við, Ísl. ii. 274, Nj. 105; fá við þrjú skip, to add three ships, Fms. xi. 73; jók nú miklu við, it waxed much, Ld. 54; kveða við, gella við, to scream, yell; þurfa við, to need, Nj. 74; njóta e-s við, to enjoy, 85; komask við, to be touched; leita við, to try; bera við, to happen (see bera); koma við, to touch; standa, bíða við, to stop a bit; nema við, to hinder, cause a hindrance; kunna við, to like; koma e-u við, to bring a thing about, 101; ef ek viðr um kæmumk, if I could manage it, Hbl.; bjarga e-u við, hjálpa við, to help, put right; reisa við, rétta við, to raise up again, put right; kannask við, to recognise; vera við staddr, to be present, = við e-t staddr.IX. in recipr. phrases, talask við, eigask við, fásk við, etc., to speak … to one another, where the object is suffixed to the preceding verb.X. with an adverb or particle, of direction; upp á við, niðr á við, upwards, downwards; vestr á við, Fas. ii. 244; móts við, towards; á við, equivalent to (það er á við tvær merkr); austan við, vestan við, sunnan við, fram við, inn við, etc., followed by an accusative. -
73 ÞAT
pron.3) conj. that, = at (sagði sönn tíðindi af ferðum Þorgils ok þat hann hafði eltan Hrafn á fjöll upp).* * *or mod. það, neut. of a demonstr. pron.; the nom. sing. is of a different root, sá, sú (p. 516); the other cases are,—gen. þess, þeirar, þess; dat. þeim, þeiri, því and þí; acc. þann, þá, þat: plur. þeir, þær, þau; gen. þeirra; dat. þeim; acc. þá, þær, þau (mod. þaug): the mod. forms have rr in þeirrar, þeirri, þeirra; but for the olden time they are less correct, as may be seen from rhymes: [Goth. þata; Engl. that; Germ. dass, i. e. daz; Dan. det.]A. That, in the various cases, see Gramm. p. xxi; Óláfr tók því vel, … kvaðsk hennar forsjá hlíta um þat mál, … þat sama haust, … þann dag svaf Unnr í lengra lagi, … nefni ek til þess Björn ok Helga, … eptir þat stóð Unnr upp ok kvaðsk ganga mundu þeirrar skemmu, sem hón var vön at sofa í, bað at þat skyldi hverr hafa at skemtan sem þá væri næst skapi, Ld. 14; því at þeir ( they) urðu eigi á annat sáttir, þeir es ( those who) fyrir norðan vóru, Íb. 9 (þeir is here repeated, first as personal then as demonstr. relat. pron.); land þat er kallat er Grænland, … hann kvað menn þat mundu fýsa þangat farar, at landit ætti nafn gott, … prest þann er hét Þangbrandr, id.; en þat vas til þess haft, … í stað þann, … lög þau es Kristninni skyldi fylgja, 11; þeir menn vóru er þess gátu, there were men that guested (= Lat. erant qui), Nj. 90; á þeiri stundu, Fms. xi. 360.2. with the article; bæta þat skipit er minnr var brotið, Fms. ii. 128; yfir hafit þat it djúpa, Edda 28; þann inn mikla mann, Hkr. ii. 251.II. it (as that is used in provincial speech in England), in indefinite phrases, it is, it was, it came to pass; þat var siðr, at …, Eg. 505; þat var einhverju sinni at, Nj. 2; en þat vas er hann tók byggja landit fjórtán vetrum eða fimtán fyrr, Jb. 9, and passim.III. denoting this, these, = þessi: sagði Egill at mjöðdrekku þá vill hann hafa at afnáms-fé, Eg. 240; sagði at sú var kona hans, er þar sat, ok svá at þau ( they) áttu húsa-kot þau ( those cottages), Ó. H. 152; this use is freq. on Runic stones, e. g. rúnar þær, kuml þaun (= þau), etc.2. denoting such; segja menn at þau yrði æfi-lok Flosa, at …, Nj. 282; hárit þat á höfði sem silki gult væri, the hair on his head was like yellow silk, Fms. x. 381; þeirrar einnar konu ætla ek at fá, at sú ræni þik hvárki fé né ráðum, Ld. 14: öllum þeim hlutum er þeim (pers.) líkaði, and passim.IV. in a diminutive sense, suffixed to the noun; stund þá, a little while, Fær. 169; jarl hafði tjaldat upp frá stund þá, see stund, Fms. xi. 85; brosa lítinn þann, Fb. ii. 78 (Fms. iv. 101); lítt þat and lítt-at, ‘little that,’ i. e. a little, see p. 394, col. 1; litla þá stund, 623. 10; glam þat varð af, a little tinkling wind, Fms. xi. 129; klumbu eina mikla eða hálf-róteldi þat, id.V. ellipt. þann; þykki mér þann (viz. kost) verða upp at taka, Nj. 222, Eg. 157 (see kostr, p. 353, col. 2): í þeiri (viz. hríð), in that nick of time, in that moment, Fms. x. 384, 414, Flóv. 33; ár rauð ungr í þeiri, Ód.; þann fyrsta (viz. tíma), Fms. vii. 201.B. The gen. þess in special usages, resembling A. S. þus, Engl. thus; this may be simply ellipt., ‘vegar,’ ‘konar,’ or the like being understood:1. denoting mode, kind, manner, so that, thus that; hvat sér þú nú þess er þér þykkir með undarligu móti? Nj. 62; hvernog hann skyli þess berjask, in what way he should fight, so that, Al. 70; hvat er hann þess, at ek hlýða upp á hans tal, what kind of man that I should listen to his talk.? Stj. 263; hvat manni ertú þess, at ek muna láta þik fyrri yfir fara? Karl. 16; hvern veg þess megi vera, Hom. (St.); engi veg þess, Hom. 196 (Ed.); hve lýðrinn skyldi lifa þess es Guði mætti vel líka, Hom.; hugsar hann, hversu hann mætti honum haga þess at honum yrði sjálfum nokkur sæmd í, Mar.; hvern veg skal ek skiljask við konung þenna þess er yðr muni líka, Ó. H. 75; hugum leiddi hann, hversu hann mætti þess sitja í svá ágætu sæti, at hann vær eigi …, Sks. 623; hversu bar þess til, how did it come to pass so? Stj. 166; hefi ek nokkut, bróðir. þess gört at þér mislíki, have I done aught that it should mislike thee? Gísl. 99; ekki var þess ( nothing of the kind) í Máriu lífi er vándir menn hafa, Mar.; ef knökut er þess, at ér farit ósigr, Fb. i. 183; at öllum hlutum þess er hann hafði spurt, in all things so as (i. e. in so far as) he had heard, Þiðr. 158.2. þess þó, yet so that, i. e. only short of that, with but one reservation; vilda ek helzt hafa atferð ok höfðingskap Hrólfs kraka, þess þó ( yet so that), at ek hélda allri Kristni ok trú minni. Fms. v. 172; sem þér líkar, þess þó, at þú frelsir oss fyrir þína miskun, Stj. 404: dropping þó, en hann vægði í öllu fyrir þeim bræðrum, þess er hann minkaði sik í engu, so that, yet so that …, Ld. 234; leita flestir at hafa hættu-minna, þess at þeir verði sik frýju, Sturl. iii. 68; alla þá hluti er ek má, þess er mér skyli eigi vera skömm at, all things that I may, yet so that it shall not be a shame to me, anything short of dishonour, Þiðr. 194; svá harða sótt sem þeir er hardast fengu, þess er eigi gékk önd ór honum, Fb. ii. 144.II. þess as a locative, there prob. ellipt., ‘staðar’ being understood; Einarr spurði Egil hvar hann hefði þess verit staddr at hann hafði mest reynt sik, Eg. 687; hvar kómu feðr okkrir þess, at faðir minn væri eptirbátr föður þíns, hvar nema alls hvergi? Ísl. ii. 236; hvar þess er ( wheresoever) aðrir taka fyrst arf enn erfingi réttr, Grág. i. 191; ætlaða ek þá at ek munda hvergi þess koma, at ek munda þess gjalda, at ek væra of friðsamr, Orkn. 120; því at hann ætlaði at hann mundi þess víðar koma, at hann mundi njóta föður sins enn gjalda, Gísl. 73; hvar-vitna þess er maðr spyrr lögspurning, Grág. (Kb.) i. 41; hvar þess er heilagr dómr hans kom, Hom. (St.); þeir megu hvergi þess sendir vera, at …, Hom. 182 (Ed.); hver-vetna þess er þingmenn verða víttir í Gula, N. G. L. i. 5.III. with a compar. the more, so much the more, cp. Germ. desto; heldr var hón þess at lítilátari, Hom. 169 (Ed.); þess meirr er hinn drekkr, þess meirr þyrstir hann, svá þess fleira es þú hafðir þess fleira girndisk þú, 190 (Ed.); til þess meiri staðfestu, Dipl. v. 22; þyrstir æ þess at meirr, Eg. 605; þess betr er þær eru görvar djúpari ok mjóri, Sks. 426.C. The dat. því, prop. fyrir því, and then dropping the prep., and using the remaining dat. adverbially:—therefore; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti vera rausn mikil, Ld. 68: því and þí, therefore; ok því svá, at …, Pr. 400; því ætla ek hann … at …, 325; því máttú varkynna mér, at mér þykkir féit gott, Gullþ. 7.II. því-at, ‘for that,’ because; tóksk eigi atreiðin, því-at búendr frestuðu, Ó. H. 215; því-at úvíst er at vita, Hm. 1; því-at úbrigðra vin fær maðr aldregi, 6; því-at hón á allan arf eptir mik, Nj. 3; því-at allir vóru görviligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því-at þat er ekki af manna völdum, Gullþ. 5; því-at ek em bróðir feðr þíns, 6.2. dropping the ‘at;’ því ek hefi spurt, at …, Fms. vi. 4; því Hákon var bróður-son hans, Sturl. i. 140.III. therefore; ok varð því ekki af ferðinni, Ísl. ii. 247: fyrir-því (Dan. fordi; Early Engl. forthy), therefore, Fms. i. 235.IV. því at eins, only on that condition, Fms. xi. 154: af því, therefore, passim.V. hví, why, in later vellums (the 15th century), and so in mod. usage; því riðu menn yðrir undan? Fms. iii. 183, Sd. 149. l. 9; því mun ek þó eigi vita mega at troll ráði fyrir, Gullþ. 5.D. For the personal pronoun, which in plur. has the same declension, see þeir, þær, þau, p. 732. -
74 linea
f linelinea dell'autobus bus routemantenere la linea keep one's figuretelecommunications restare in linea stay on the line, not hang up* * *linea s.f.1 (segno, tratto) line: tracciare una linea, to draw a line; linea retta, curva, convergente, divergente, straight, curved, convergent, diverging line; linea punteggiata, tratteggiata, dotted line; le linee della mano, the lines of the hand; linea di confine, (tra due proprietà) boundary line, (tra due paesi) border, (fig.) borderline; linea di partenza, starting line; linea spartitraffico, traffic line; linea di giunzione, (di stoffa, lamiere ecc.) seam // avanzare in linea retta, to move forward in a straight line // procedere in linee parallele, to follow parallel lines // ( sport): linea laterale, touchline; linea mediana, half-back line; linea di fondo (campo), baseline // (geogr.): linea del cambiamento di data, International Date Line; linea di costa, coastline (o shoreline); linea delle nevi perenni, snowline; linea di displuvio, divide (o watershed); linea di spiaggia, shoreline (o beachline) // (geofisica): linea agonica, agonic line; linea isogonica, isogonic line; linea isosismica, isoseismal (o isoseismic) line // (cartografia): linea isometrica, isometric line (o isogram o isoline); linea ortodromica, orthodrome // (topografia) linea di base, baseline // distanza in linea d'aria, (distance) as the crow flies: in linea d'aria ci sono 10 km da qui allo stadio, it's 10 km from here to the stadium as the crow flies // (fis.): linea di forza, line of force; linea di flusso, streamline // linea di fede, (di strumenti) fiducial (o halving) line // (mar.): linea di galleggiamento, waterline; linea di rispetto, limit of territorial waters; linea di scandaglio, lead line; linea di rotta, heading line2 (di termometro) degree: avere qualche linea di febbre, to have a slight temperature; la febbre del paziente è scesa di qualche linea, the patient's temperature has dropped slightly3 (contorno, sagoma) line; (di abito) line, cut: non mi piace la linea di quell'automobile, I don't like the line of that car; le linee architettoniche di un edificio, the architectural lines of a building; armonia di linee, harmony of lines; una giacca di ottima linea, a well-cut jacket; un tailleur di linea classica, moderna, a classic, modern suit // descrivere a grandi linee, (fig.) to outline; ti posso esporre il programma solo a grandi linee per il momento, I can only give you a rough outline of the programme at the moment4 (personale) figure: avere una bella linea, to have a good figure; che linea!, what a figure!; perdere la linea, to lose one's figure; riacquistare la linea, to get one's figure back (o to regain one's figure); si rovina la linea mangiando troppi dolci, she is ruining her figure (o she is putting on too much weight) by eating too many sweet things5 (comportamento, strategia) line: linea di condotta, di azione, line of conduct, of action; mi atterrò alla linea del partito, I'll follow the party line; seguire una linea, to follow (o to take) a line; non so che linea tenere con lui, I don't know what line to take with him // le sue idee sono in linea con le mie, his ideas are in line with mine // in linea di principio, in principle // in linea di massima, as a rule (o generally speaking)6 (fila) line: mettersi in linea, to get in line (o in the queue) // (mil.): linea del fuoco, line of fire; linea di mira, line of sight; fuoco di linea, line-firing; linea di difesa, defence line // prima linea, firing line (o front line); fanteria di prima linea, front-line infantry troops // essere in prima linea, to be at the front line, (fig.) to be at the fore front // passare in seconda linea, to take second place; il problema è passato in seconda linea, the problem took second place // vittoria su tutta la linea, (anche fig.) victory all along the line // ( sport): linea di attacco, forward line; linea di difesa, the backs // motore a sei cilindri in linea, six cylinder in-line (o straight-six o in-line six) engine7 (serie di prodotti) line: linea di prodotti, product line; linea di prodotti di alta qualità, line of high-quality products; linea di accessori, line of accessories; una linea completa di cosmetici, a complete line of cosmetics8 (econ.) line: linea di produzione, di lavorazione, production line; linea di montaggio, assembly line; linea delle vendite, sales line; linee di spesa, expenditure lines; linea di credito credit line; linea di credito allo scoperto, open line; linea di credito stand-by, stand-by arrangement (o credit); linea reciproca di credito, (tra banche centrali) swap; linee di credito accordate, bank-lending commitments; linee di credito con emissione di titoli, backup facilities; ( Borsa) linea dei rialzi e dei ribassi, advance-decline line9 (di parentela) line: linea maschile, male line; discendente in linea diretta, direct descendant; discendere in linea diretta da, to descend in direct line from10 (di comunicazione) line: linea ferroviaria, railway line; linea della metropolitana, underground line; linea aerea, airline; linea di navigazione, (compagnia) shipping company; linea principale, secondaria, main, secondary line; la linea del tram, the tramline; la linea Roma-Milano è rimasta interrotta dalla frana, the Rome-Milan line has been blocked by the landslide; i treni ritardarono per lavori lungo la linea, the trains were delayed because of works along the track // nave di linea, liner; aeroplano di linea, airliner; volo di linea, scheduled flight // servizio di linea, regular (o scheduled) service11 (tecn.) (collegamento di impianto) line: linea elettrica, electric line; (elettr.) linea di raccordo, connecting line // (tel.): trovare la linea occupata, libera, to find the line engaged, free; prendere la linea, to get through; è caduta la linea!, the line has gone dead; prego attenda in linea, hold the line, please; la linea per Milano è guasta, the line to Milan is out of order; assistenza in linea, online assistance12 (tip.) line; (inform.) bar // (inform.): linea comune, condivisa, multipunto, party line; linea con numeri, digit row; linea superiore, top line; linea commutata, switched line.* * *['linea]sostantivo femminile1) (tratto) line (anche mat. sport)tirare o tracciare una linea to draw o rule a line; linea curva, spezzata curved, broken line; linea dell'orizzonte skyline; in linea retta in a straight line; in linea d'aria — as the crow flies
2) (di trasporti) line; (d'autobus) (bus) routelinea marittima, aerea — (compagnia) shipping line, airline; (rotta) sea, air route
3) el. (power) line, cable4) tel. line, connectionè caduta la linea — the line went dead, I was cut off, I've been disconnected
"resti in linea" — "hold the line o hold on, please"
prendere o ottenere la linea to get a connection, to get through; essere in linea con qcn. — to be on the line to sb
5) rad. telev. linepassare la linea a — to hand over to [inviato, studio]
6) (anche linea di montaggio) production line7) (silhouette) figure8) (contorno) line; (stile) line, style, look9) (gamma di prodotti) line10) (idea, punto)a grandi -e — broadly, in (broad) outline
in linea di massima — broadly (speaking), as a general rule
11) (orientamento) line, stancelinea politica — political line, policy
essere in linea — to be in line ( con with)
adottare la linea dura, morbida con qcn. — to take a tough, soft line with sb
12) mil. (fronte) lineessere in prima linea — to be in BE o on AE the front line, to be (first) in the firing line (anche fig.)
13) sport line14) (in genealogia) line15) (nei termometri)•linea d'arrivo — sport finishing line
linea d'attacco — sport mil. line of attack
linea di comunicazione — communication line, line of communication
linea di confine — borderline, boundary line
linea di fondo — sport (nel calcio) goal line; (nel tennis) baseline
linea di galleggiamento — mar. water line
linea laterale — sport sideline, by-line
linea di metà campo — sport halfway line
linea di partenza — sport starting line
linea di porta — sport goal line
linea telefonica — (tele)phone line o link
linea di tiro — mil. line of fire, firing line
••su tutta la linea — all along o right down the line
battere qcn. su tutta la linea — to beat sb. hollow
* * *linea/'linea/sostantivo f.1 (tratto) line (anche mat. sport); tirare o tracciare una linea to draw o rule a line; linea curva, spezzata curved, broken line; linea dell'orizzonte skyline; in linea retta in a straight line; in linea d'aria as the crow flies2 (di trasporti) line; (d'autobus) (bus) route; linea marittima, aerea (compagnia) shipping line, airline; (rotta) sea, air route; di linea [volo, pullman] scheduled; [ pilota] airline; aereo di linea airliner3 el. (power) line, cable4 tel. line, connection; è caduta la linea the line went dead, I was cut off, I've been disconnected; "resti in linea" "hold the line o hold on, please"; prendere o ottenere la linea to get a connection, to get through; essere in linea con qcn. to be on the line to sb.5 rad. telev. line; passare la linea a to hand over to [inviato, studio]6 (anche linea di montaggio) production line7 (silhouette) figure; riacquistare la linea to get back one's figure8 (contorno) line; (stile) line, style, look; una giacca di linea sportiva a jacket with a sport cut9 (gamma di prodotti) line10 (idea, punto) le -e essenziali del progetto the broad outline of the plan; a grandi -e broadly, in (broad) outline; in linea di massima broadly (speaking), as a general rule; in linea di principio in principle11 (orientamento) line, stance; linea d'azione course of action; linea politica political line, policy; essere in linea to be in line ( con with); adottare la linea dura, morbida con qcn. to take a tough, soft line with sb.12 mil. (fronte) line; essere in prima linea to be in BE o on AE the front line, to be (first) in the firing line (anche fig.)13 sport line; giudice di linea linesman14 (in genealogia) line; linea (di discendenza) maschile male line; in linea materna on one's mother's side15 (nei termometri) avere qualche linea di febbre to have a slight temperaturesu tutta la linea all along o right down the line; battere qcn. su tutta la linea to beat sb. hollow\linea d'arrivo sport finishing line; linea d'attacco sport mil. line of attack; linea di comunicazione communication line, line of communication; linea di condotta course of action; linea di confine borderline, boundary line; linea ferroviaria railway line; linea di fondo sport (nel calcio) goal line; (nel tennis) baseline; linea di galleggiamento mar. water line; linea laterale sport sideline, by-line; linea di metà campo sport halfway line; linea di partenza sport starting line; linea di porta sport goal line; linea telefonica (tele)phone line o link; linea di tiro mil. line of fire, firing line. -
75 passo
"pitch;Teilung;Steigung;passo"* * *m step( impronta) footprintdi libro passagegeography passa passo di lumaca at a snail's pacepasso falso false movepasso carrabile drivewayfare due passi go for a walk or a strollfig fare il primo passo take the first step* * *passo1 s.m.1 step; pace: alcuni passi più avanti, a few steps further; fare un passo avanti, indietro, to take a step forward, backward (anche fig.); il bambino mosse i primi passi, the baby took his first steps; fa solo pochi passi, he can only walk a few steps; ho udito alcuni passi in giardino, I heard a few steps in the garden; cambiare, perdere, rompere il passo, to change, to fall out of, to break step; dirigere, volgere i propri passi verso..., to turn one's steps towards...: diresse, volse i propri passi verso casa, he turned (his steps) homeward (s); i pali sono stati piantati a dieci passi uno dall'altro, the poles were planted ten paces apart; si diresse a passi lenti verso la porta, he walked at a slow pace towards the door // fare un passo falso, to stumble, (fig.) to make a false move // segnare il passo, to mark time (anche fig.) // essere a un passo dalla vittoria, to be one step from victory // passo passo, very slowly // passo a passo, step by step // un passo di valzer, a waltz step // a due passi da casa, within a stone's throw from home; la mia casa è qui a due passi, my house is only a short way away // a grandi passi, striding: camminava a grandi passi verso la scuola, he was striding to school; l'inverno s'avvicina a grandi passi, winter is coming on apace; allontanarsi a grandi passi, to stride away // a ogni passo, at every moment // andiamo a fare due, quattro passi, let's go for a little walk // è un passo che devo fare, it's something I must do // il matrimonio è un grande passo, marriage is a big step // non ha mosso un passo per aiutarci, he didn't lift a finger to help us // non so decidermi a questo passo, I can't make up my mind about this // questo è il primo passo verso l'indipendenza, this is the first step towards independence // essere, non essere al passo coi tempi, to be abreast of, to be behind the times // fare passi da gigante, to make great strides // fare il passo secondo la gamba, to cut one's coat according to one's cloth; fare il passo più lungo della gamba, to bite off more than one can chew // fare dei passi per ottenere qlco., to take steps to get sthg. // farò dei passi per farmi riconoscere i miei diritti, I'll take steps to have my rights recognized // tornare sui propri passi, to retrace one's steps (anche fig.)2 ( andatura) pace, step; ( modo di camminare) walk, gait: a passo d'uomo, di lumaca, at man's walking, snail's pace; ha un passo vacillante, he walks with an uncertain gait; lo riconosco sempre dal suo passo pesante, I always recognize him from his heavy tread; affrettare il passo, to quicken one's pace (o to hurry up); camminare di buon passo, to walk at a good (o brisk) pace; rallentare il passo, to slacken one's pace (o to slow down); tenere il passo, stare al passo di qlcu., to keep pace (o to keep up) with s.o. // (mil.) passo di carica, double: avanzare a passo di carica, to advance at the double // passo dell'oca, romano, goosestep // passo, trotto, galoppo del cavallo, pace, trot, gallop of a horse // al passo!, in step! // di questo passo sarai presto in miseria, at this rate you'll soon be ruined3 ( di danza) step4 ( orma) footprint; ( rumore) footstep, footfall: i suoi passi risaltavano nitidi nella neve, his footprints stood out clearly in the snow; udì dei passi sulle scale, he heard footsteps (o footfalls) on the stairs5 ( brano) passage: commentare un passo, to comment on a passage; leggere un passo della Bibbia, to read a passage from the Bible6 (geogr.) pass, (amer.) gap8 (tess.) shedpasso2 s.m.1 ( passaggio) passage: aprirsi il passo attraverso qlco., to make one's way through sthg.; dare, cedere il passo, to give way; ostruire il passo, to block the passage; permettere, proibire il passo a qlcu., to allow, to forbid entry to s.o. // uccelli di passo, migratory birds // (dir.) diritto, servitù di passo, right of way (o footway o footpath)3 (fig. letter.) difficult situation; hard task.* * *I ['passo] smfare due o quattro passi — to go for a short walk
fare un passo avanti/indietro anche fig — to take a step forward/back
2) (andatura) pace, Mil Danza step, (Equitazione) walkavere il passo lento — to walk slowly, be a slow walker
di buon passo — at a good o brisk pace
a passo d'uomo — at walking pace, Auto dead slow
di questo passo fig — at this rate
3) (brano) passage4) Cine gaugeII ['passo] smcedere il passo a qn — to give way to sbuccelli di passo — birds of passage, migratory birds
* * *I ['passo]sostantivo maschile1) (movimento) step, pacefare un passo avanti — to take a step forward, to step forward
fare dei -i avanti — fig. to make headway
muovere i primi -i — [ bambino] to toddle; fig. [ organizzazione] to be still in its infancy
2) (andatura) pace, treadcamminare di buon passo — to walk at a rattling o smart o cracking pace
camminare di pari passo — to walk at the same rate o pace; fig. to go hand in hand
andare al passo — mil. to march; equit. to walk
andare a passo d'uomo — [ veicolo] to drive dead slow
3) (rumore) footfall, step4) (orma) footstepseguire i -i di qcn. — to follow in sb.'s footsteps
tornare sui propri -i — to backtrack, to retrace one's steps, to turn back (anche fig.)
5) fig. (mossa)passo falso — slip, false step
fare il primo passo — to get to first base, to make the first move
7) (di danza) step, pas8) (brano) passage, bit, piece9) tecn. (di elica) pitch; (di dado, vite) thread10) cinem. gauge•••passo (dopo) passo — stage by stage, step by step
stare al passo coi tempi — to keep up with o abreast of the times
non essere al passo coi tempi — to be out of step with the times, to be behind the times
II ['passo]e via o avanti di questo passo and so on and so forth; di questo passo (continuando così) at this rate; fare due -i to stroll casually; andare a fare due -i — to go for o take a (short) walk
sostantivo maschile1) (passaggio) passage, wayaprirsi il passo tra la folla — to push o work one's way through the crowd
uccello di passo — migratory bird, bird of passage
2) geogr. (valico) col, pass•passo carrabile o carraio — driveway; (nella segnaletica) "keep clear, vehicle entrance"
* * *passo1/'passo/sostantivo m.1 (movimento) step, pace; fare un passo to take a step; fare un passo avanti to take a step forward, to step forward; fare dei -i avanti fig. to make headway; camminare a grandi -i to stride; muovere i primi -i [ bambino] to toddle; fig. [ organizzazione] to be still in its infancy2 (andatura) pace, tread; dare il passo to set the pace; camminare di buon passo to walk at a rattling o smart o cracking pace; allungare il passo to lengthen one's stride; rallentare il passo to slow down the pace; rompere il passo to break step; tenere il passo to keep up (the pace) (anche fig.); camminare di pari passo to walk at the same rate o pace; fig. to go hand in hand; andare al passo mil. to march; equit. to walk; andare a passo d'uomo [ veicolo] to drive dead slow3 (rumore) footfall, step; sentire dei -i to hear footsteps; avere il passo leggero to be light on one's feet4 (orma) footstep; seguire i -i di qcn. to follow in sb.'s footsteps; tornare sui propri -i to backtrack, to retrace one's steps, to turn back (anche fig.)5 fig. (mossa) passo falso slip, false step; fare il primo passo to get to first base, to make the first move6 (breve distanza) a due -i on the o one's doorstep; la stazione è a due -i da qui it's a short walk to the station; essere a un passo dalla vittoria to be two steps away from victory7 (di danza) step, pas8 (brano) passage, bit, piece10 cinem. gaugepasso (dopo) passo stage by stage, step by step; fare il grande passo to take the plunge; stare al passo coi tempi to keep up with o abreast of the times; non essere al passo coi tempi to be out of step with the times, to be behind the times; a passo di lumaca at a snail's pace; fare il passo più lungo della gamba to bite off more than one can chew; e via o avanti di questo passo and so on and so forth; di questo passo (continuando così) at this rate; fare due -i to stroll casually; andare a fare due -i to go for o take a (short) walk\passo dell'oca goose-step.————————passo2/'passo/sostantivo m.1 (passaggio) passage, way; aprirsi il passo tra la folla to push o work one's way through the crowd; uccello di passo migratory bird, bird of passage2 geogr. (valico) col, passpasso carrabile o carraio driveway; (nella segnaletica) "keep clear, vehicle entrance". -
76 scendere
1. v/i andare go down, descendvenire come down, descendda cavallo get down, dismountdal treno, dall'autobus get offdalla macchina get outdi temperatura, prezzi go down, dropscendere a terra come (back) down to earth2. v/t: scendere le scale andare go down the stairsvenire come down the stairs* * *scendere v. intr.1 to get* down, to go* down, to come* down; (form.) to descend: scendi da quella scala, get down off that ladder; non è ancora sceso, he is not down yet; aspettami, scendo subito, wait for me, I'll be down in a minute (o in a tick); scendo un momento dal cartolaio, I am just going down (o nipping out) to the stationer's for a moment; perché non scendi al bar stasera?, why don't you come along to the pub this evening?; scesi al fiume, I went down to the river; i fiumi scendono verso il mare, rivers flow down to the sea; scendere da un monte, to come down a mountain; scendere a valle, to go downhill; ( venire a valle) to come downhill; scendere da un albero, to climb down a tree; scendere in cantina, to go down to the cellar; scendere in fretta, con rumore, to hurry (o to hasten) down, to clatter down; un angelo scese dal cielo, an angel descended from Heaven; i barbari scesero in Italia, the barbarians descended on Italy; d'estate scendo in Sicilia dai miei parenti, in the summer I go down to Sicily to stay with my relatives; scendere in città, to go into town; scendere dal letto, to get out of bed (o to get up) // scende la neve, snow is falling // fallo scendere!, ( mandalo giù) send him down!; ( chiamalo giù) call him down! // le sue parole mi scesero al cuore, his words touched my heart // scendere nei minimi particolari, to enter into the smallest (o minutest) details2 ( da un veicolo) to get* off (sthg.); to get* out (of): devo scendere alla prossima stazione, I must get off at the next station; in genere scendo qui, this is where I usually get off; scendere da un'automobile, to get out of a car; scendere dal tram, to get off a tram; scendere da un treno, to get off (o to get out of) a train; scendere da cavallo, to dismount from (o to get off) a horse; scendere a terra, ( sbarcare) to disembark // scendere ad un albergo, to put up at an hotel: a che albergo sei sceso?, what hotel are you staying (o have you put up) at?3 ( declinare) to slope down (wards), to run* down, to descend: la montagna scende verso il mare, the mountain slopes down towards the sea; la scogliera scendeva a picco sul mare, the cliff fell sheer (o fell in a sheer drop) to the sea; il sentiero scende ripidamente, the path descends steeply; la strada scende verso la valle, the road runs down to the valley4 ( abbassarsi, calare) to fall*, to drop; ( diminuire) to decrease, to go* down: il barometro era sceso, the barometer had fallen (o dropped); non puoi scendere col prezzo?, couldn't you bring your price down a little?; i prezzi scendono, prices are falling; scende la notte, night is falling; il silenzio scese sul villaggio, silence fell on the village; la temperatura è scesa molto in questi ultimi giorni, the temperature has fallen a lot in the last few days5 (fig.) ( abbassarsi, piegarsi) to stoop, to lower oneself: non scendo a trattare con gente simile, I wouldn't stoop (o lower myself) to dealing with people like that; scendere a patti con qlcu., to come to terms with s.o.; non pensavo potesse scendere così in basso, I didn't think he could stoop so low; il livello della discussione è sceso parecchio, the level of the discussion has considerably declined6 ( cadere, pendere) to fall*; to come* down, to hang* down: la barba gli scendeva sul petto, his beard came down to his chest; i capelli le scendevano sulle spalle, her hair fell to her shoulders; il vestito mi scendeva fino alle caviglie, my dress came down to my ankles7 ( di astri) to sink*, to go* down: la luna sta scendendo, the moon is going down; il sole scendeva a occidente, the sun was sinking in the west8 (ant., letter.) ( discendere, nascere) to descend, to be descended; to come* (of); ( di fiume) to rise: il Po scende dalle Alpi, the Po rises in the Alps◆ v.tr.1 to go* down, to come* down; (form.) to descend: scendere un colle, to go down a hill; scendere le scale, ( andare giù) to go downstairs; ( venire giù) to come downstairs; scendere correndo le scale, to run down the stairs (o downstairs)2 (dial.) ( far scendere) to take* down, to bring* down, to carry down: scendi il bagaglio, bring (o carry o take) down the luggage.* * *1. ['ʃendere]vb irreg vt(scale, sentiero) to go (o come) down, descend1) (gen) to go (o come) down, descend, (fiume, torrente) to flow down, (strada) to slope down, descend, (aereo) to come down, descendscendere con l'ascensore — to go (o come) down in the lift Brit o elevator Am
scendere in piazza — (folla, manifestanti) to take to the streets
scendere a piedi/correndo — to walk/run down
siamo scesi in mezz'ora — (da collina) we got down in half an hour
scendere a terra — (sbarcare) to go ashore
scendere ad un albergo — to put up o stay at a hotel
2)scendere da — (macchina, treno) to get out of, (nave) to disembark from, get off, (aereo, autobus, bici) to get off
scendere da cavallo — to dismount, get off one's horse
scendere dalle scale — to go (o come) down the stairs
3) (prezzi, temperatura) to fall, drop, (livello) to fall, drop, go down, (marea) to go out, (notte, oscurità) to fall, (sole, strada) to go down, (nebbia) to come down* * *['ʃɛndere] 1.1) (andare giù) to go* down, to get* down; (venire giù) to come* down, to get* downscendere da — to come o get off [marciapiede, scalino]
è sceso in bicicletta, in macchina — he cycled, drove down
scendere in campo — sport to take to the field; mil. to take the field; fig. pol. to enter the list
scendere in pista — [ ballerini] to take the floor
2) (smontare)scendere da — to get off [treno, autobus, bicicletta, cavallo]; to get out of [ macchina]
fammi scendere davanti alla stazione — drop me off o put me down at the station
3) (digradare) [ terreno] to slope (downwards), to dipscendere fino a — [sentiero, muro] to go down to
scendere bruscamente — [pendio, strada] to drop sharply
4) (diminuire) [livello, pressione, prezzo] to fall*, to decrease, to drop, to go* down; [ febbre] to subside, to decrease5) (ricadere) [abito, capelli] to come* down ( fino a to)7) [ sole] to dip, to go* down2.verbo transitivo to descend [pendio, gradini, fiume]scendere le scale — to come o go down the stairs
••scendere nei particolari — to go into details o to get down to specifics
scendere a patti con qcn. — to come to terms with sb
* * *scendere/'∫εndere/ [10](aus. essere)1 (andare giù) to go* down, to get* down; (venire giù) to come* down, to get* down; scendere in cantina to go down to the cellar; scendo subito! I'll be right down! scendere da to come o get off [ marciapiede, scalino]; scendere dal letto to get out of bed; è sceso in bicicletta, in macchina he cycled, drove down; si è fatto male mentre scendeva he got hurt on the way down; scendere in campo sport to take to the field; mil. to take the field; fig. pol. to enter the list; scendere in pista [ ballerini] to take the floor; le lacrime le scesero giù per le guance the tears ran down her cheeks; scendere al terzo posto to drop to third place2 (smontare) scendere da to get off [ treno, autobus, bicicletta, cavallo]; to get out of [ macchina]; fammi scendere davanti alla stazione drop me off o put me down at the station3 (digradare) [ terreno] to slope (downwards), to dip; scendere fino a [ sentiero, muro] to go down to; scendere bruscamente [ pendio, strada] to drop sharply4 (diminuire) [ livello, pressione, prezzo] to fall*, to decrease, to drop, to go* down; [ febbre] to subside, to decrease; le auto stanno scendendo di prezzo cars are coming down in price; la marea sta scendendo the tide is going out5 (ricadere) [ abito, capelli] to come* down ( fino a to)7 [ sole] to dip, to go* downto descend [ pendio, gradini, fiume]; scendere le scale to come o go down the stairs; scendere il fiume a nuoto to swim down the river; scendere la collina correndo to run down the hillscendere nei particolari to go into details o to get down to specifics; scendere in piazza to take to the streets; scendere a compromessi to stoop to compromises; scendere in lizza to enter the list; scendere a patti con qcn. to come to terms with sb. -
77 stare vi irreg
['stare]1) (rimanere) to stay, be, remainstare fermo — to keep o stay still
stare seduto — to sit, be sitting
stare zitto — to keep o be quiet
starò a Roma per qualche giorno — I'll stay o be in Rome for a few days
stare a casa — to be o stay at home
è stato su tutta la notte — he stayed up o was up all night
2) (abitare: temporaneamente) to stay, (permanentemente) to livesta in via Rossetti 5 — he lives at No. 5 via Rossetti
3) (essere, trovarsi) to be, be situatedsto bene, grazie — I'm fine, thanks
sta bene! — (d'accordo così) that's fine!
non sta bene ridacchiare mentre l'insegnante spiega — you really ought not to laugh when the teacher is explaining something
quel vestito ti sta bene/male — that dress suits/doesn't suit you
gli sta bene! — (così impara) it serves him right!
stare al banco — (cameriere) to serve at the bar
4)stavo andando a casa — I was going home5)stare per fare qc — to be about to do sth, be on the point of doing sth
stavi per rovinare tutto — you nearly spoiled o ruined everything
6)è inutile che stai a dirmi tutte queste cose — there's no good o use telling me all this
stando a ciò che dice lui — according to him o to his version
stando ai fatti, sembrerebbe che... — the facts would seem to indicate that...
7)starci; (essere contenuto) ci sta ancora qualcosa lì dentro? — is there room for anything else?
8)starci; (essere d'accordo) ci stai se andiamo o ad andare fuori a cena? — do you want to go out for a meal?
ha detto che non ci sta — he said he didn't agree, he said he was against the idea
OK, ci sto — OK, that's fine
9)starsene; se ne stava lì in un angolo — he was over in the corner
PAROLA CHIAVE: stare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese starenon startene lì seduto, fa' qualcosa — don't just sit there, do something
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78 lieferbar
lie·fer·bar adj1) ( erhältlich) available, in stock;dieser Artikel ist derzeit nicht \lieferbar this item is not available [or in stock] at the moment2) ( zustellbar)\lieferbar sein to be able to be supplied [or delivered];Ihre Bestellung ist leider erst später \lieferbar we won't be able to meet your order until a later date -
79 разрушающий момент стержня
Русско-английский словарь по машиностроению > разрушающий момент стержня
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80 zasad(a)
adv for the time being, for the present/ /moment, for now, at present, at this time, so far, as yet I bar - for now (ili so far, not yet) at least
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