bĭpēs

bĭpēs (˘˘, Aus. Idyll. 11, 39; neutr. plur. bipedia, Aug. Mor. Manich. 9), pĕdis, adj. [bis-pes], two-footed (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

equi,

Verg. G. 4, 389:

mensa,

Mart. 12, 32, 11:

Aegyptii mures bipedes ambulant,

on two feet, Plin. 10, 65, 85, § 187:

alium bipedem sibi quaerit asellum,

two legged ass, Juv. 9, 92:

animal genus, mortale species, terrenum vel bipes differens,

Quint. 5, 10, 61.—

Subst., mostly contemptuously, of men:

hoc ministro omnium non bipedum solum sed etiam quadripedum impurissimo,

Cic. Dom. 18, 48: Regulus omnium bipedum nequissimus, as great a rogue as walks on two legs, Modest. ap. Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 14; Cic. Dom. 18, 48; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 9; cf.:

bipes asellus, of a simple man,

Juv. 9, 92: replevit eam (terram) bipedibus et quadrupedibus. Vulg. Baruch. 3, 32.

armus, i, m., = harmos [arô; v. arma inct. ], pr., a joining together; the shoulder where it is fitted to the shoulder-blade, the fore quarter (opp. suffrago), and, with few exceptions, of the shoulder of an animal, while umerus designates that of men.

Lit.: solus homo bipes: uni juguli, umeri;

ceteris armi,

Plin. 11, 43, 98, § 243:

digiti (Hippomenae in leonem mutati) curvantur in ungues: Ex umeris armi fiunt, Ov M. 10, 700.—So, elephantis,

Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 233:

leonis,

id. 11, 39, 94, § 229:

pantherae,

id. 8, 17, 23, § 62 et saep.: leporis, Hor S. 2, 4, 44;

2, 8, 89: equi,

id. ib. 1, 6, 106:

arietis,

Vulg. Num. 6, 19; ib. Exod. 29, 27.—Of men:

latos huic hasta per armos Acta,

Verg. A. 11, 644;

Paul. ex Fest. s. v. armita, p. 4 Müll.—And of the arms of men,

Luc. 9, 831.—

In a more extended sense, the whole side of an animal:

spumantis equi fodere calcaribus armos,

Verg. A. 6, 881; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 106.

ĕquus, i ( gen. plur. equūm, Verg. G. 2, 542; Stat. Th. 4, 409 al.), m. [Sanscr. acvas; Gr. hippos (ikkos); cf. Epŏna; root, ak-, to be sharp or swift; cf. Gr. akros, ôkus; Lat. acus, ocior], a horse, steed, charger.

Prop.

In gen. (cf.:

caballus, canterius, mannus),

Varr. R. R. 2, 7; Col. 6, 27 sq.; Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 154 sq.; Pall. Mart. 13; Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 441 ed. Vahlen); Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. 5, 2, 109; Cic. Rep. 1, 43; 1, 7, 9 et saep.:

equus = equa,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 11.—Offered as a sacrifice to Mars, Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 16, and p. 178, 24 sq. Müll.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 20; and v. October: EQVO PVBLICO ORNATVS, EXORNATVS, HONORATVS, etc.; or, ellipt., EQVO PVBLICO, very often [p. 654] in inscriptions; v. Inscr. Momms. 73; 459; 445; 1952; 2456;

2865 al.—In another sense: equi publici,

post-horses, Amm. 14, 6.—Equo vehi, advehi, ire, desilire, equum conscendere, flectere, in equum ascendere, equo citato, concitato, etc., see under these verbs.—

In partic.

Of cavalry, in the phrase, equis virisque (viri = pedites; cf. eques and vir), adverb., with horse and foot, i. e. with might and main, with tooth and nail, Liv. 5, 37; Flor. 2, 7, 8;

also: equis, viris,

Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 21; id. Fam. 9, 7; cf. Nep. Hamilc. 4;

and in the order, viris equisque,

Cic. Off. 3, 33.—

Transf., of race-horses:

ego cursu corrigam tarditatem tum equis, tum vero, quoniam scribis poëma ab eo nostrum probari, quadrigis poeticis,

i. e. in prose and poetry, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, a (see the passage in connection).—

Transf.

In plur. (like hippoi in Homer), a chariot, Verg. A. 9, 777.—

The wind, Cat. 66, 54; Val. Fl. 1, 611.—

In mal. part., Hor. S. 2, 7, 50; Petr. 24, 4; App. M. 2, p. 122; Mart. 11, 104, 14.—

Prov.: equi donati dentes non inspiciuntur, we don't look a gift horse in the mouth, Hier. Ep. ad Ephes. prooem.—

Meton.

Equus bipes, a sea-horse, Verg. G. 4, 389;

Auct. Pervig. Ven. 10: fluviatilis,

a river-horse, hippopotamus, Plin. 8, 21, 30, § 73.—

Equus ligneus, like the Homeric halos hippos, a ship, Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 10.—

The Trojan horse, Verg. A. 2, 112 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 108; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 12; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 25; Hor. C. 4, 6, 13 al.—

Trop., of a secret conspiracy, Cic. Mur. 37, 78.—

A battering-ram, because shaped like a horse;

afterwards called aries,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202.—

The constellation Pegasus, Cic. N. D. 2, 43, 111 sq.; Col. 11, 2, 31; Hyg. Astr. 2, 18; 3, 17.—

Equus Trojanus, the title of a play of Livius Andronicus, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2 al.

quā̆drŭpēs ( quā̆drĭpes), pĕdis ( gen. plur. quadrupedium, Capitol. Ver. 5, 2), adj. [quattuor-pes], having four feet, going on four feet; esp.,

Galloping (post-Aug.): ecus, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 5, 4; cf. Macr. S. 6, 9, 10:

equestri celeritate, quadrupedi cursu solum replaudens,

App. M. 6, p. 185, 7.— Transf.:

dum certum flectit in orbem Quadrupedis cursus,

Ov. M. 6, 226.—

Of persons, on all fours, creeping, going on hands and feet:

atque audin? quadrupedem constringito,

so that he can only move on all fours, Ter. And. 5, 2, 24:

mox quadrupes (infans) rituque tulit sua membra ferarum,

Ov. M. 15, 222:

homines... bestiarum more quadrupedes coërcuit,

Suet. Calig. 27; id. Ner.48.—

Subst.: quā̆drŭpēs, ĕdis, m., f., and n., a quadruped, four-footed creature.

Masc., mostly of beasts of draught or burden; v. Quint. 8, 6, 20:

calcari quadrupedem agitabo advorsum clivum,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 11: reprime parumper vim citatūm quadrupedum, Att. ap. Non. 495, 20:

quadrupedum vectiones, quorum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

de omnibus quadrupedibus... qui idonei sunt, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1; Verg. A. 11, 714:

saucius quadrupes,

id. ib. 7, 500.—

Contemptuously (opp. bipes),

Cic. Dom. 18, 48:

nihil inter te atque inter quadrupedem interesse,

id. Par. 1, 3, 14:

quadrupes nequissime,

App. M. 7, p. 200, 10.—

Fem. (sc. bestia): ducite eo mutas quadrupedes, Naev. ap. Non. p. 924 (Trag. Rel. v. 28 Rib.):

si quamvis quadrupedem serpens momorderit,

Cato, R. R. 102; Enn. ap. Non. p. 407, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 219 Vahl.): quadrupes tardigrada, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133 (Trag. Rel. v. 2 Rib.):

quadrupes qua vasta tenetur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Verg. E. 5, 26:

sollicitari quadripedes cunctas,

Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—

Neutr. (sc. animal):

cetera quadrupedia,

Col. 11, 2, 33:

majora,

id. 11, 2, 14:

crocodilum, quadripes malum et infestum,

Plin. 8, 25, 37, § 89:

plurima autem obruerit quadrupedia,

Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. 3, 36.

ŭmĕrus (incorrectly spelled hŭmĕ-rus in many edd.), i, m. [cf. ômos].

Prop., the upper bone of the arm, Cels. 8, 1. —

Meton.

The upper part of the arm (so only poet. for the usual lacertus):

innixus dextro plena trahens umero,

upperarm, arm, Prop. 1, 20, 44:

umeros exsertus uterque,

Stat. Th. 5, 439; 4, 235; Ov. F. 1, 409.—

The shoulder (of a man; opp. armus of an animal, v. h. v.;

the predom. signif. of the word): meus est ballista pugnus, cubitus catapulta est mihi, Umerus aries,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17:

id conexum in umero laevo,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 44:

sagittae pendebant ab umero,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74; cf. Hor. C. 1, 21, 12:

umerum apertum gladio appetit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

Chloris albo sic umero nitens,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 18:

sparsum odoratis umerum capillis,

id. ib. 3, 20, 14:

pars umeri ima tui,

Ov. A. A. 3, 307.— Plur.:

(virgines) quas matres student Demissis umeris esse,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 23:

scutum, gladium, galeam in onere nostri milites non plus numerant quam umeros, lacertos, manus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

ut bracchia modo atque umeri ad sustinenda arma liberi ab aquā esse possent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare,

id. B. C. 1, 62:

cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33:

quod pupillum filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

densum umeris vulgus,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 32:

nube candentes umeros amictus Augur Apollo,

id. ib. 1, 2, 31; so,

candidi,

id. ib. 1, 13, 10:

umeris positurus arcum,

id. ib. 3, 4, 60:

et quae nunc umeris involitant, deciderint comae,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3 et saep.:

ex umeris armi fiunt,

Ov. M. 10, 700; so id. ib. 12, 396; cf.:

terrestrium solus homo bipes: uni juguli, umeri, ceteris armi,

Plin. 11, 43, 98, § 243.—

Umerus is also used of animals (as, on the other hand, armi is of men; v. armus);

of oxen,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 159.—Of cocks, Col. 8, 2, 9.—

Of the middle part of a thing, the back, ridge (post-Aug.).

Of trees and plants:

certum est ab umeris arborum surculos petendos,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 105; Col. 3, 10, 5; id. Arb. 3, 1.—

Of mountain ridges:

montium flexus crebrique vertices et conflexa cubito aut confracta in umeros juga,

Plin. 2, 44, 44, § 115 (al. numeros):

virides umeros,

Stat. Th. 6, 714. —

Of a country:

Rhegium oppidum in umero ejus (Italiae) situm, a quo veluti cervicis incipit flexus,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 43; so,

duo haec oppida... sita sunt utrāque ex parte velut in umeris Helladis,

id. 4, 7, 11, § 23.—

Trop., in plur., the shoulders; as in Engl., when speaking of bearing a burden:

tota ut comitia suis, ut dictitabat, umeris sustineret,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

rem publicam umeris sustinere,

id. Fl. 37, 94:

cum expertus esset, quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10, 6; 57, 4:

sumite materiam vestris qui scribitis aequam Viribus, et versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 40.