-
61 BRODDR
1) spike;2) a kind of shaft = broddör;3) sting (of an insect);4) prick, goad;6) vera í broddi lífsins, to be in the prime of life.* * *m. [A. S. brord; O. H. G. brort; Goth. brozds is suggested], a spike, Eg. 285.β. a kind of shaft, freq. in Lex. Poët., Fms. vii. 211, Fas. ii. 118; handbogi ( cross-bow) með tvennum tylptum brodda, N. G. L. ii. 427; örfa skeptra ( shafts) eðr brodda, i. 202.γ. a sting, of an insect, Grönd. 46: metaph., dauði, hvar er þinn b., 1 Cor. xv. 55.δ. of the spikes in a sharped horse-shoe or other shoe, mannbroddar, ice-shoes, Þorst. Hv. 46, Eb. 238, 240, Acts ix. 5; in a mountaineer’s staff ( Alpen-stock), Bárð. 170.2. metaph. [cp. O. H. G. prurdi = ordo], milit. the front (point) of a column or body of men, opp. to hali, the rear; b. fylkingar and fylkingar broddr, Al. 56, 32; cp. ferðar-broddr, farar-broddr, Ld. 96, of a train of cattle and sheep.β. the phrase, vera í broddi lífsins, to be in the prime of life, Al. 29.γ. the milk of cows and ewes immediately after calving and lambing.δ. botan. a spike on a plant. -
62 BRUM
* * *n.1) bud;2) point of time (í þetta brum).* * *I. neut. a bud, Lat. gemma; þá hit fyrsta tók brum at þrútna um várit á öllum aldinviði til laufs, Sks. 105; af bruminu, Bs. ii. 165; birki-brum, a birch-bud, Eyvind (in a verse), Lex. Poët.II. metaph. and masc. spring, only in the phrase, öndverðan brum (acc.), in the early spring time, Sighvat (in a verse); í öndverðan brum þinna daga, Bs. ii. 7.β. a moment, in the phrase, í þenna (sama) brum; í þenna brum kom Hringr Dagsson, in the description of the battle at Stiklastað, Ó. H. 218, cp. Fms. v. 81 (where v. l. tíma); ‘í þessu bruni,’ Fms. ix. 24. is certainly a misspelling for ‘í þenna brum:’ cp. also the compd word nýa-brum, novelty, newfangledness. -
63 DAGR
(gen. dags, dat. degi; pl. dagar), m.1) day;at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised;dagr kemr upp í austri, sezt í vestri, the day rises in the east, sets in the west;öndverðr dagr, the early day, forenoon;miðr dagr, midday;hallandi dagr, declining day;at kveldi dags, síð dags, late in the day;sannr sem dagr, true as day;í dag, today;á (or um) daginn, during the day;sama dags, the same day;annan dag, the next day;annars dag, another day;hindra dags, the day after, tomorrow;dag frá degi, hvern dag frá öðrum, from day to day;dag eptir dag, day after day;nótt ok dag, night and day;dögunum optar, more times than there are days, over and over again;á deyjanda degi, on one’s death-day;2) pl., days, times;ef aðrir dagar (better days) koma;góðir dagar, happy days;3) esp. pl., lifetime;á dögum e-s, um daga e-s, in the days of, during or in the reign of;eptir minn dag, when I am dead (gaf honum alla sína eign eptir sinn dag);mátti hann eigi lengr gefa en um sína dagi, than for his lifetime;ráða (taka) e-n af dögum, to put to death.* * *m., irreg. dat. degi, pl. dagar: [the kindred word dœgr with a vowel change from ó (dóg) indicates a lost root verb analogous to ala, ól, cp. dalr and dælir; this word is common to all Teutonic dialects; Goth. dags; A. S. dag; Engl. day; Swed.-Dan. dag; Germ. tag; the Lat. dies seems to be identical, although no interchange has taken place]I. a day; in different senses:1. the natural day:—sayings referring to the day, at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised, Hm. 80 ; allir dagar eiga kveld um síðir; mörg eru dags augu, vide auga; enginn dagr til enda tryggr, no day can be trusted till its end; allr dagr til stefnu, Grág. i. 395, 443, is a law phrase,—for summoning was lawful only if performed during the day; this phrase is also used metaph. = ‘plenty of time’ or the like: popular phrases as to the daylight are many—dagr rennr, or rennr upp, and kemr upp, the day rises, Bm. 1; dagr í austri, day in the east, where the daylight first appears; dagsbrún, ‘day’s brow,’ is the first streak of daylight, the metaphor taken from the human face; lysir af degi, it brightens from the day, i. e. daylight is appearing; dagr ljómar, the day gleams; fyrir dag, before day; móti degi, undir dag, about daybreak; komið at degi, id., Fms. viii. 398; dagr á lopti, day in the sky; árla, snemma dags, early in the morning, Pass. 15. 17; dagr um allt lopt, etc.; albjartr dagr, hábjartr d., full day, broad daylight; hæstr dagr, high day; önd-verðr d., the early day = forenoon, Am. 50; miðr dagr, midday, Grág. i. 413, 446, Sks. 217, 219; áliðinn dagr, late in the day, Fas. i. 313; hallandi dagr, declining day; at kveldi dags, síð dags, late in the day, Fms. i. 69. In the evening the day is said to set, hence dag-sett, dag-setr, and dagr setzt; in tales, ghosts and spirits come out with nightfall, but dare not face the day; singing merry songs after nightfall is not safe, það kallast ekki Kristnum leyft að kveða þegar dagsett er, a ditty; Syrpuvers er mestr galdr er í fólginn, ok eigi er lofat at kveða eptir dagsetr, Fas. iii. 206, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 7, 8: the daylight is symbolical of what is true or clear as day, hence the word dagsanna, or satt sem dagr, q. v.2. of different days; í dag, to-day, Grág. i. 16, 18, Nj. 36, Ld. 76, Fms. vi. 151; í gær-dag, yesterday; í fyrra dag, the day before yesterday, Háv. 50; í hinni-fyrra dag, the third day; annars dags, Vígl. 23, Pass. 50. I; hindra dags, the hinder day, the day after to-morrow, Hm. 109; dag eptir dag, day after day, Hkr. ii. 313; dag frá degi, from day to day, Fms. ii. 230; hvern dag frá öðrum, id., Fms. viii. 182; annan dag frá öðrum. id., Eg. 277; um daginn, during the day; á dögunum. the other day; nótt ok dag, night and day; liðlangan dag, the ‘life-long’ day; dögunum optar, more times than there are days, i. e. over and over again, Fms. x. 433; á deyjanda degi, on one’s day of death, Grág. i. 402.β. regu-dagr, a rainy day: sólskins-dagr, a sunny day; sumar-dagr, a summer day; vetrar-dagr, a winter day; hátíðis-dagr, a feast day; fegins-dagr, a day of joy; dóms-dagr, the day of doom, judgment day, Gl. 82, Fms. viii. 98; hamingju-dagr, heilla-dagr, a day of happiness; gleði-dagr, id.; brúðkaups-dagr, bridal-day; burðar-dagr, a birthday.3. in pl. days in the sense of times; aðrir dagar, Fms. i. 216; ek ætlaða ekki at þessir dagar mundu verða, sem nú eru orðnir, Nj. 171; góðir dagar, happy days, Fms. xi. 286, 270; sjá aldrei glaðan dag (sing.), never to see glad days.β. á e-s dögum, um e-s daga eptir e-s daga, esp. of the lifetime or reign of kings, Fms.; but in Icel. also used of the lögsögumaðr, Jb. repeatedly; vera á dögum, to be alive; eptir minn dag, ‘after my day,’ i. e. when I am dead.γ. calendar days, e. g. Hvíta-dagar, the White days, i. e. Whitsuntide; Hunda-dagar, the Dog days; Banda-dagr, Vincula Petri; Höfuð-dagr, Decap. Johannis; Geisla-dagr, Epiphany; Imbru-dagar, Ember days; Gang-dagar, ‘Ganging days,’ Rogation days; Dýri-dagr, Corpus Christi; etc.4. of the week-days; the old names being Sunnu-d. or Drottins-d., Mána-d., Týs-d., Öðins-d., Þórs-d., Frjá-d., Laugar-d. or Þvátt-d. It is hard to understand how the Icel. should be the one Teut. people that have disused the old names of the week-days; but so it was, vide Jóns S. ch. 24; fyrir bauð hann at eigna daga vitrum mönnum heiðnum, svá sem at kalla Týrsdag Óðinsdag, eðr Þórsdag, ok svá um alla vikudaga, etc., Bs. i. 237, cp. 165. Thus bishop John (died A. D. 1121) caused them to name the days as the church does (Feria sccunda, etc.); viz. Þriði-d. or Þriðju-d., Third-day = Tuesday, Rb. 44, K. Þ. K. 100, Ísl. ii. 345; Fimti-d., Fifth-day—Thursday, Rb. 42, Grág. i. 146, 464, 372, ii. 248, Nj. 274; Föstu-d., Fast-day = Friday; Miðviku-d., Midweek-day = Wednesday, was borrowed from the Germ. Mittwoch; throughout the 12th and 13th centuries, however, the old and new names were used indiscriminately. The question arises whether even the old names were not imported from abroad (England); certainly the Icel. of heathen times did not reckon by weeks; even the word week (vika) is probably of eccl. Latin origin (vices, recurrences). It is curious that the Scandinavian form of Friday, old Icel. Frjádagr, mod. Swed.-Dan. Fredag, is A. S. in form; ‘Frjá-,’ ‘Fre-,’ can hardly be explained but from A. S. Freâ-, and would be an irregular transition from the Norse form Frey. The transition of ja into mod. Swed.-Dan. e is quite regular, whereas Icel. ey (in Frey) would require the mod. Swed.-Dan. ö or u sound. Names of weekdays are only mentioned in Icel. poems of the 11th century (Arnór, Sighvat); but at the time of bishop John the reckoning by weeks was probably not fully established, and the names of the days were still new to the people. 5. the day is in Icel. divided according to the position of the sun above the horizon; these fixed traditional marks are called dags-mörk, day-marks, and are substitutes for the hours of modern times, viz. ris-mál or miðr-morgun, dag-mál, há-degi, mið-degi or mið-mundi, nón, miðr-aptan, nátt-mál, vide these words. The middle point of two day-marks is called jafn-nærri-báðum, in modern pronunciation jöfnu-báðu, equally-near-both, the day-marks following in the genitive; thus in Icel. a man asks, hvað er fram orðið, what is the time? and the reply is, jöfnubáðu miðsmorguns og dagmála, half-way between mid-morning and day-meal, or stund til (to) dagmála; hallandi dagmál, or stund af ( past) dagmálum; jöfnu-báðu hádegis og dagmúla, about ten or half-past ten o’clock, etc. Those day-marks are traditional in every farm, and many of them no doubt date from the earliest settling of the country. Respecting the division of the day, vide Pál Vídal. s. v. Allr dagr til stefnu, Finnus Johann., Horologium Island., Eyktamörk Íslenzk (published at the end of the Rb.), and a recent essay of Finn Magnusson.II. denoting a term, but only in compounds, dagi, a, m., where the weak form is used, cp. ein-dagi, mál-dagi, bar-dagi, skil-dagi.III. jis a pr. name, Dagr, (freq.); in this sense the dat. is Dag, not Degi, cp. Óðinn léði Dag (dat.) geirs síns, Sæm. 114.COMPDS: dagatal, dagsbrun, dagshelgi, dagsljós, dagsmark, dagsmegin, dagsmunr. -
64 DAUÐI
m. death;taka dauða, to meet one’s death, die;dauði ferr á e-n, one is surprised by death;draga e-m til dauða, to cause one’s death;sá vegr, er til dauða dregr, that leads to death;liggja fyrir dauðanum, to be dying or on the point of death.* * *1. death; the word is used in the strong form in all Teut. dialects from Gothic to English, but in Icel. it is weak, even in the earliest writers; though traces of a strong form (dauðr, s or ar) are found in the phrase til dauðs ( to death) and in compds, as mann-dauðr: cp. also Hm. 69, where dauðr seems to be a substantive not an adjective: Fagrsk. 139 also writes dauðar-orð instead of dauða orð; an old song, Edda 52, has Dvalins dauðs-drykkr = dauða-drykkr, i. e. the death-drink of the dwarf; the strong form also remains in such words as dauð-dagi, dauð-hræddr, dauð-yfli, dauð-ligr, dauð-vána, which could not possibly be forms of a weak daudi, Nj. 198; at dauða kominn, Fms. i. 32; d. for a hann, Nj. 27; the references are numberless, though heathen proverbs and sayings prefer to use ‘hel’ or ‘feigð,’ which were more antique, whereas dauoi recalls Christian ideas, or sometimes denotes the manner of death.2. medic. mortification.COMPDS: dauðablóð, dauðabönd, dauðadagr, dauðadá, dauðadómr, dauðadrep, dauðadrukkinn, dauðadrykkr, dauðadyrr, dauðadæmdr, dauðafylgja, dauðahræddr, dauðakvöl, dauðaleit, dauðalitr, dauðamaðr, dauðamark, dauðamein, dauðaorð, dauðaráð, dauðaróg, Dauðasjór, dauðaskattr, dauðaskellr, dauðaskuld, dauðaslag, dauðaslig, dauðasnara, dauðasteytr, dauðastríð, dauðastund, dauðasvefn, dauðasök, dauðatákn, dauðateygjur, dauðaútlegð, dauðaverk. -
65 deila
* * *I)(-da, -dr), v.sú á, er deilir með jötna sonum grund ok með goðum, that river which parts the giants and the gods;alit þat land, er vatnsföll deila til sjófar, of which the rivers form the boundaries down to the sea;vildi H. bæði kjósa ok deila, H. would both choose and deal (viz. divide the catch in shares and choose for himself the share he liked best);láta en kjósa ok deila, to give one an arbitrary power in a case;with dat. (hversu má keisarinn deila sér í tvá staði);2) to deal out, apportion, allot;deildr hlutr, a share allotted to one;deila dögurð, mat á málum, to deal out portions of food in a household;deila víg með verum, to deal victory fairly among men;3) to distinguish, discern, = greina;eptir þat sá sól ok mátti þá deila ættir, they could then discern the quarters of heaven;deila liti, to discern colours;eigi deilir litr kosti (acc. pl.), colour is no sure test of the quality;4) to busy or occupy oneself with, deal with (engi maðr á önnur mál at deila í kirkju, nema biðja fyrir sér);hann við Ríg rúnar deildi, he capped ritnes (spells) with R.;deila orðspeki við e-n, to contend in learning with one;þótt hringbrotar heiptir deili, though men hate one another;deila kníf ok kjötstykki, to share knife and meat;5) deila við e-n, to quarrel with one (deila við heimska hali);deili gröm við þik, may the fiends bandy words with thee;deila um e-t, to quarrel, contest about;þeir deildu um (they have a lawsuit about) jarðir;deila á e-n, to contend against one;deila illyrðum, illdeildum, to chide, abuse one another;deila afli, ofríki, við e-n, to deal harshly and overbearingly with one;impers., ef í þat deilir, if there be dissent on that point;ef í deilir með þeim, if they disagree;6) to be master of, possess (deila bauga, fé);hug skaltu deila, thou shalt control thy mind (feelings);þar er munuð deilir, when love is concerned, in a matter of love;7) refl., deilast, to spread, branch off (svá viða sem kristni deilist um heim);meðan mér deilist lífit til, as long, as life is granted me;deilast at e-u, to disagree about a thing.f. disagreement, contest;eiga, halda, deilu við e-n, to quarrel or contend with one.* * *u. f. disagreement, a contest, often as a law term, law contest (laga-deila, þing-deila), Nj. 90, Fms. i. 68, iv. í 19, 198, vi. 136, viii. 146, Sturl. i. 105, Eg. 367, Rd. 304, Ld. 204.COMPDS: deilugjarn, deilumál, deiluvænligr. -
66 EGG
* * *I)(gen. pl. eggja), n. egg.(gen. -jar, dat. -ju; pl. -jar), f. edge; eyða (verja) oddi ok eggju, by force of arms, with might and main.* * *1.n. [A. S. äg; Engl. egg; Swed. ägg; Dan. æg; Germ. ei], an egg, Eg. 152, Grág. ii. 346; arnar-e., æðar-e., álptar-e., hrafns-e., dúfu-e., kriu-e., etc., an eagle’s egg, eider duck’s, swan’s, raven’s, dove’s, etc.; also, höggorms egg, a snake’s egg: eggja-hvíta, f. the white of an egg: eggja-rauða, f. or eggja-blómi, m. the yolk; verpa eggjum, to lay eggs; liggja á eggjum, to sit on eggs, brood; koma, skríða ór eggi, of the young, to come out of the egg, Fagrsk. 4 (in a verse): an egg is glænýtt fresh, stropað half-hatched, ungað hatched; vind-egg, a wind-egg, addled egg; fúl-egg, a rotten egg; vera lostinn fúlu eggi, proverb of a sad and sulky looking fellow that looks as if one had pelted him with rotten eggs, Gísl. 39 (in a verse); fullt hús matar og finnast hvergi dyrnar á, a riddle describing an egg; but fullt hús drykkjar og finnast hvergi dyrnar á, the berry: eggja-fata, f. a bucket in which to gather eggs: eggja-kaka, f. an ‘egg-cake,’ omelet: eggja-leit, f. a gathering of eggs, etc.2.f., gen. sing. and nom. pl. eggjar, old dat. eggju, mod. egg; [Lat. acies; A. S. ecg; Engl. edge; Hel. eggja; O. H. G. ecka, Germ. ecke, is the same word, although altered in sense; Swed. ägg; Dan. æg]:—an edge, Eg. 181, 183, Nj. 136: the phrase, með oddi ok eggju, with point and edge, i. e. by force of arms, with might and main, Ó. H. ch. 33, Grág. ii. 13, Nj. 149, 625. 34; oddr ok egg, ‘cut and thrust,’ Hom. 33; drepa í egg, to blunt: as the old swords of the Scandinavians were double-edged (only the sax had a single edge), egg is freq. used in pl.; takattu á eggjum, eitr er í báðum, touch not the edges, poison is in both of them, Fas. i. 522 (in a verse); the phrase, deyfa eggjar, vide deyfa: the sword is in poetry called eggjum-skarpr, m. with sharp edges; and the blade, tongue of the hilt, Lex. Poët.; sverðs-eggjar, sword edges; knífs-egg, öxar-egg, the edge of a knife, axe. -
67 FINGR
(gen. fingrar or fingrs; pl. fingr), m. finger (fingr digrir); rétta e-m f., to point one’s finger at.* * *m., gen. fingrar, mod. fingrs; dat. fingri; pl. fingr; a neut. fingr occurs in O. H. L. 73, 74, which gender is still found in Swed. dialects; the acc. pl. is in conversation used as fem., an Icel. says allar fingr, not alla fingr: [Goth. figgrs; A. S. finger, etc.; whereas Lat. digitus and Gr. δάκτυλος etymologically answer to Icel. tá, Engl. toe, Germ. zehe, a finger of the foot]:—a finger, Grág. i. 498, Hkr. ii. 380, 384, Magn. 518, passim: the names of the fingers—þumal-fingr, the thumb; vísi-f., the index finger, also called sleiki-f., lick-finger; langa-töng, long-prong; græði-f., leech-finger, also, but rarely, called baug-f., digitus annuli; litli-f., the little finger. Sayings or phrases:—playing with one’s fingers is a mark of joy or happiness—leika fingrum (Rm. 24), or leika við fingr sér (sína), Fms. iv. 167, 172, vii. 172, Orkn. 324, mod. leika við hvern sinn fingr; also spila fingra, id., Fbr. 198; vita e-ð upp á sinar tíu fingr, to know a thing on one’s ten fingers, i. e. have at one’s fingers’ ends; fetta fingr útí e-t, to find fault with; rétta e-m fingr, digito monstrare, Grett. 117; sjá ekki fingra sinna skil, not to be able to distinguish one’s fingers, of blindness, Bs. i. 118: other phrases are rare and of foreign origin, e. g. sjá í gegnum fingr við e-n, to shut one’s eyes to a thing, etc.; fingr digrir, thick fingers, of a clown, Rm. 8; but mjó-fingraðr, taper-fingered, epithet of a lady, 36; fingra-mjúkr, nimble-fingered; fingrar-þykkr, a finger thick, Al. 165; fingrar gómr, a finger’s end, Fs. 62; fingra staðr, the print of the fingers, Symb. 59; fingrar breidd, a finger’s breadth. In the Norse law (N. G. L. i. 172) the fingers are taxed, from the thumb at twelve ounces, to the little finger at one ounce—not so in the curious lawsuit recorded in Sturl. i. ch. 18–27. Also a measure, a finger’s breadth, Nj. 27, cp. MS. 732. 5: arithm. any number under ten, Alg. 362: botan., skolla-fingr, a kind of fern, lycopodium. fingra-járn, n. a ‘finger-iron,’ a thimble (?), Dipl. v. 18. fingr-hæð, f. a finger’s height, as measure. -
68 FLEY
n. poet. a kind of swift ship.* * *n. a kind of swift ship (= snekkja, q. v.); only found in poets, as Thiodolf calls the sea fleyja flatvöllr, the flat-field of the fleys, cp. Hkv. 2. 4; fley ok fagrar árar, a fley and beautiful oars, Egill; used by poets also in many compds, as fley-braut, fley-vangr, the road-field of the fleys, etc.; never in prose, except in pr. names, as Gesta-fley, Fms. viii, Sverr. S.; but fley-skip occurs not only in verse, Fb. i. 528, but also in a deed of the year 1315, N. G. L. iii. 112:—also used of merchant ships, Ann. The Span. flibóte, Engl. fly-boat (Johnson) point to a form fley-bátr = fley-skip, though that form has not been found; from the Span. flibóte prob. came the Ital. flibustiero, Anglo-American filibuster: perh. also the Germ. freibeuter, Engl. freebooter, Dutch vrijbuiter represent the same word, altered so as to give an intelligible sense in the respective languages. -
69 framar-liga
contracted framarla, adv. ‘forwardly,’ in front; þá má hverr vera svá framarla sem hann vill (of ranks in battle), Fms. viii. 403, v. l.; lagði konungr framarla skip sitt, Eg. 33; þeir kómu svá f. í landit, went so far, Fms. xi. 360: Icel. say, framarliga í dalnum, nesinu, far off in the dale, etc., where old writers would prefer í framanverðum dalnum, nesi: f. á sjötta hundraði, high up in the sixth hundred, Sturl. iii. 84.2. metaph. fully, highly, much; treysta f., to trust fully, Fms. v. 236, vi. 151; svá framarla, so far, to that point, x. 7, Hom. 40; svá f. sem, so far as, 87; sjá f. við e-u, to be fully ware of, Sks. 358; hann man f. á horfa um kvánfangit, he will look high, i. e. make great pretensions, Ld. 88. -
70 fylgja
* * *I)(-ða, -t), v.1) to accompany, help, with dat.; f. e-m at, f. e-s málum, to side with one, take one’s part;2) to lead, guide one (yðr var fylgt í kornhlöðu eina);3) to pursue (f. fast flóttamönnum);4) to follow, be about one (konungr lét sveininn f. móður sinni);5) to follow, observe (f. e-s ráðom, f. hirðsiðum);6) to belong, or pertain to (segl ok reiði er fylgðu skipinu);7) láta f., to add; þat lét hann f., at, he added that;8) refl., fylgjast, to follow one another; fig. to hold together (hann bað sína menn f. vel, hold well together).f.1) guidance (beiða e-n fylgju);2) female guardian spirit; attendant spirit in animal form (þú munt vera feigr maðr ok muntu hafa sét fylgju þína).* * *n, f. = fylgð, Grág. i. 343; bjóða e-m fylgju sína, ii. 56, v. l., Ísl. ii. 340; í förum ok fylgju með e-m, Stj. 135, 222; koma í fylgju með e-m, Rb. 356.II. metaph. a fetch, a female guardian spirit of the heathen age, whose appearance foreboded one’s death, cp. Hkv. Hjörv. (the prose); þú munt vera feigr maðr ok muntú séð hafa fylgju þína, Nj. 62, Hallfr. S. ch. 11: also whole families had a fylgja (kyn-f., ættar-f.), get ek at þetta hafi engar konur verit aðrar en fylgjur yðrar frænda, Fms. ii. 195; eigi fara litlar fylgjur fyrir þér, x. 262, Vd. ch. 36; nú sækja at fylgjur Úsvífs, Nj. 20; manna-fylgjur, Bjarn. 48, Lv. 69; fuglar þeir munu vera manna-fylgjur, Ísl. ii. 196; marr ( a horse) er manns fylgja, Fs. 68; liggja fylgjur þínar til Íslands, thy guardian angels, good angels, point to Iceland, i. e. thou wilt go thither, Orkn. 14; þínar fylgjur mega eigi standask hans fylgjur, Gullþ. 11, Lv. 104; hafa þeir bræðr rammar fylgjur, Fs. 50:—in mod. lore (as also sometimes in the Sagas, e. g. Nj. l. c.) fylgja means a ‘fetch,’ an appearance in the shape of an animal, a crescent, or the like going before a person, only a ‘fey’ man’s fylgja follows after him.2. = Lat. secundinae, a baby’s caul, cp. Germ. glückshaube; barns-f., Bs. ii. 168, freq. in mod. usage, cp. Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 354.III. in pl. a law phrase, kvenna-fylgjur, abduction or elopement, Grág. i. 342 (cp. fylgja l. 4. below).COMPDS: fylgjuengill, fylgjukona. -
71 FÖLR
(acc. -van), a. pale; f. sem aska (gras, nár), pale as ashes (grass, a corpse).* * *adj., old forms fölvan, fölvir, etc.; in mod. usage the v is left out, fölan, fölir, etc.; [A. S. fealo; O. H. G. falo; Old Engl. fallow; Dutch vaal; Germ. fahl and falb; cp. Lat. pallidus, Gr. πολιός]:—pale; fölr sem grass, pale as grass, Nj. 177; hann görði fölvan í andliti, Glúm. 342; fölr sem nár, pale as a corpse, Fb. ii. 136; fölr sem aska, pale as ashes, Þiðr. 171, 177: poët., fölvir oddar, the pale sword’s point, Hkv. 1. 52; fölr hestr, a pale horse (but rare), 2. 47; net-fölr, pale-nebbed, Am.; fölr um nasar, id., Alm. 2; ná-fölr, pale as a corpse. -
72 GAGN-
an adverbial prefix:A. [Cp. the adv. gegn], gain- (in gainsay), counter, esp. in law terms:—hence gagna-gögn, n. pl. counter-proofs, Grág. i. 106. gagn-augu, n. pl. ‘counter-eyes,’ temples. gagn-dyrt, n. adj. with doors opposite one another, Fas. ii. 181. gagn-gjald, n., prop. a ‘countergild,’ antidote, a Norse law term, which seems identical with mundr or tilgjöf, opp. to heiman-fylgja, dowry, which in case of the husband’s death or divorce was to be the wife’s property; gjöf and gagngjald are distinguished, N. G. L. i. 29; þá skal hon þarnast gagngjalds ok gjafar, 51. gagn-görð, f. transgression, 15. 1 (MS.) gagn-hollr, adj. kind to one another, Hm. 31. gagn-kvöð, f. a counter-summons, Grág. ii. 102. gagn-mælendr, part. pl. gain-sayers, opponents, Mart. 114. gagn-mæli, n. gain-saying, contradiction, Fms. x. 403, Stj. 331. gagn-nefna, u, f. a mutual nomination, of arbitrators, Grág. i. 495. gagn-staða, u, f. ‘gain-staying,’ resistance, Fms. x. 387, Hom. (St.) 43. gagnstöðu-flokkr, m. the opposite party, Fms. viii. 323: gagnstöðu-maðr, m. an opponent, adversary, 623. 12, 655 xvi. B. 3: gagn-staðleikr (- leiki), m. the contradictory, reverse, Stj. 263. gagn-staðligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), contrary, opposed to, Fms. i. 263, viii. 326, x. 233, Stj. 29, 73, Ó. H. 195, Sks. 576. gagn-staðr, adj. id., Stj. 163, Fms. viii. 323. gagn-stæðligr and gagn-stæðiligr, adj. = gagnstaðligr, Fms. ix. 528, Sks. 111, 130, 337, Stj. 335, Fs. 172. gagn-sök, f. a counter-action, counter-charge, a law term,—the defendant brought forth counter-charges, to be set off against those of the prosecutor, vide Nj. passim, Grág. i. 294, K. Þ. K. 160, Fs. 74, 125, Grett. 151, Valla L. 204, Rd. 300. gagn-tak, n. a ‘holder against,’ the strap to which the girth is attached, Fms. vii. 170, Sturl. iii. 114, Glúm. 393, Hkr. iii. 283, Karl. 458, Flor. 78; also called mót-tak. gagn-vert and gagn-vart, n. adj., used as prep. and adv., over against, with dat., Eg. 206, Fms. vi. 32, vii. 253. xi. 34, Nj. 34, Sd. 163; sitja g. e-m, Fs. 148; g. sólunni, 1812. 133; g. dyrum, Gullþ. 26, Fbr. 37, 64, passim:—as adv., Landn. 62, Fms. ii. 27, xi. 125.B. [Cp. gegnum and the adj. gegn], through, right through, straight; and so thorough, thoroughly, very (in which sense gay or gey is still used in Scot. and North. E., Jamieson Suppl. s. v.):—hence gagn-drepa, adj. wet through. gagn-færiligr and gagn-færr, adj. through-going, used as transl. of the Lat. penetrans, Stj. 89, 656 A. i. 34, 655 xxxii. 19. gagn-gört, n. adj. straight, Fb. iii. 296, Gísl. 38. gagn-hræddr, adj. ‘gay’ (i. e. very) frightened, Fms. iv. 147, 625. 18. gagn-kunnigr, adj. knowing thoroughly. gagn-leiði, n. the ‘ganest’ (i. e. shortest) way, Al. 92. gagn-orðr, adj. ‘gane-worded,’ speaking shortly, to the point, Nj. 38; (opp. to marg-orðr or lang-orðr.) gagn-skeytiligr, adj. to be shot through, Sks. 398 B. gagn-skorinn, part. scored through, i. e. cut through by fjords, rivers, etc., Fas. iii. 511: also thoroughly scored, i. e. carved all over, Vígl. 48 new Ed. gagn-stígr, m. a ‘gane’ way, short cut, Al. 109, Sks. 2, Fms. vii. 82 (in a verse). gagn-sæll, adj. through-seeing, penetrating, Sks. 208, (rare.) gagn-sær, adj. transparent, Rb. 354; gagnsætt gler, Hom. 128. gagn-vátr, adj. wet through. gagn-vegr, m. [Swed. genväg] = gagnstígr, Hm. 33. gagn-þurr, adj. dry all through, quite dry. -
73 GÓMR
(-s, -ar), m.1) the roof or floor of the mouth (efri or neðri g.); e-m berr mart á góma, one talks freely of many things; gæta tungu í báða góma, to keep guard on the tongue, speak warily;2) finger-tip (á hendi heitir fingr, nagl, gómr).* * *1.m. [A. S. gôma, whence Engl. gums; O. H. G. guoma; Germ. gaumen; Dan. gane], the palate, Edda 20, Sks. 178: in the phrase, e-m berr mart á góma, to talk freely of many things, Fms. vi. 208, Grett. 148.COMPDS: gómbein, gómsparri, gómaspjót.2.m. a finger’s point, Edda 110: freq. fingrar-gómr, a finger’s end, Fs. 62. -
74 görva
(gørva, gerva), adv. quite, clearly; muna g., to remember clearly; ef þú g. kannar, if thou search closely cf. gørr, gørst.* * *gjörva, gerva, geyrva, adv.; compar. görr, gjörr, gerr; superl. görst, gerst: [A. S. gearve, gearu; O. H. G. garwe; Germ. gar]:—quite, clearly; ef þú görva kannar, if thou searchest closely, Hm. 101, Ls. 52; muna g., to remember clearly, Am. 78; reyna g., 77; vita g., to know exactly, Ó. H. 62, Sturl. iii. 220 C: compar., seg enn görr, tell it plainer, speak out! Nj. 13; þvíat nú vita menn görr en fyrr hvat göra skal, Bjarn. 58; um þá hluti er ek hann görr at sjá en þér, Ld. 186; þó veiztu görr ef þú ræðir þetta mál fyrir konungi, Fms. i. 82: more, farther, ok skilja þeir þat eigi görr en svá, Grág. i. 136; þá á hann eigi görr at neyta, en fjögurra missera björg sé eptir, not beyond that point, 235; lögsögu-maðr skal svá görla (so far, so minutely) alla þáttu upp segja, at engi viti einna miklogi görr, 2; görr meir, still more, H. E. i. 48: superl., ek veit görst ( I know best) at þér þurfit brýningina, Ld. 240: sá veit görst er reynir, a saying; sauða-maðr fór ok sagði Gunnari sem görst (he told G. minutely) frá öllu, Nj. 104; er þat bæði, at ek þykkjumk svá görst vita hverr þú ert, Fms. ii. 269; þóttisk hón þá görst vita, hvernig honum mun farask, Rd. 246. -
75 halda
* * *(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.I. with dat.1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;4) to hold, keep one’s stock;also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;halda heim, to steer homewards;7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);II. with acc.1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);7) to hold, keep up;halda varnir, to keep up a defence;halda vörð, to keep watch;8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;III. with preps.:halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;halda e-u eptir, to keep back;halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);to keep going (halda upp bardaga);to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);impers. to be on the point of;hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;IV. refl., haldast.* * *u, f. = hadda, q. v. -
76 HALDA
* * *(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.I. with dat.1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;4) to hold, keep one’s stock;also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;halda heim, to steer homewards;7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);II. with acc.1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);7) to hold, keep up;halda varnir, to keep up a defence;halda vörð, to keep watch;8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;III. with preps.:halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;halda e-u eptir, to keep back;halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);to keep going (halda upp bardaga);to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);impers. to be on the point of;hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;IV. refl., haldast.* * *pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.A. WITH DAT. to hold to:I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum ( to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. 29; heldr sér í faxit, Sd. 177.β. so in the phrases, halda barni (manni) undir skírn, vatn, primsignan, biskups hönd, eccl. to hold a bairn ( man) at baptism, prima signatio, confirmation, Grág. i. 29; h. vatni (tárum), to hold one’s tears, 623. 56, Fms. viii. 232, vi. (in a verse); halda munni, to hold one’s tongue, be silent, vii. 227; halda tungu sinni, Þórð.2. to withhold; þá megu þeir h. tíundum hans í móti, K. Þ. K. 62; h. vætti, Grág. i. 42; h. gögnum, 56; ef goði heldr tylftar-kvið, er hann heldr kviðnum, 58; halda matinum fyrir honum, 47; h. sköttum fyrir e-m, Nj. 8; h. skógar-manni fyrir e-m, Finnb. 334; um þat er hann hefir konunni haldit, Grág. i. 313; héldu bændr gjaldinu, Fms. vii. 302; hélt ek því (i. e. the money) fyrir honum, i. e. paid it not, Ísl. ii. 244.II. to hold, of a rope or the like; sá maðr hugði h. mundu er festi, … ok h. mundu í slíku veðri, Grág. ii. 361; reip þau tíu er tveggja manna afli haldi hvert, id.; skal hann svá göra at haldi fyrir fyrnsku, 268.β. to hold, hold out, last; optast halda þar íllviðri litla hríð, Sks. 212; sunnudags-helgi ríss upp á laugardegi, ok heldr ( lasts) til mánadags, N. G. L. i. 138.III. to keep, retain, Germ. behalten; fá-ein skip héldu seglum sinum, Fms. x. 143; þú skalt jafnan þessu sæti h., Nj. 6; h. bústað sínum, Ld. 26; h. ríki sínu, Al. 58, Fms. i. 13; h. öllum Noregi, viii. 155; h. frelsi ok eignum, vi. 40; h. hlut sínum, to uphold one’s right, Eg. passim; halt sömum vinum sem ek hefi haft, Fas. i. 375; h. hreinleik sínum, Al. 58.β. to hold, keep safe, preserve; h. hlut sínum, Ld. 54; h. heilsu, Grág. i. 145; h. virðingu sinni, Ld. 16; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, Grág. ii. 209; h. tíma ( honour) sínum, Al. 59; h. lífi ok limum, Eg. 89; h. lífinu, Nj. 111; h. trúnaði sínum, 109; vináttu sinni, Ld. 200; einorð sinni, Fb. ii. 265; h. sér réttum, to keep oneself right, Ld. 158; h. e-m heilum, Odd. 30; h. ríki fyrir e-m, Fms. v. 279; h. manna-forræði fyrir e-m, Hrafn. 19; h. réttu máli fyrir e-m, Fms. vii. 64.2. to continue to keep, keep all along; h. teknum hætti, Fms. iv. 254; h. vöku, to keep oneself awake, Ld. 152; but h. vöku fyrir e-m, to keep another awake; halda sýslu sinni, Fs. 36; h. högum, to keep grazing, Eb. 104, Ld. 148.3. to hold, keep one’s stock; ellipt., vetr var íllr ok héldu menn ílla, the winter was cold and it was ill to keep live stock, Sturl. ii. 143, (cp. fjár-höld); hann hélt vel svá at nær lifði hvat-vetna, Hrafn. 22: metaph., ílla hefir þinn faðir þá haldit, Fms. xi. 144; öld hefir ílla haldit, the people have had a sad loss, vi. (in a verse); h. fangi, and also ellipt. halda, of sheep and cattle, opp. to ‘to go back.’4. phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy, Fms. viii. 146, Nj. 113; hann hélt njósnum til Önundar, Landn. 287; hélt konungr njósnum til, ef …, Fms. vii. 128; hann skyldi h. njósnum til ok gera orð konungi, i. 54; h. njósnum til um e-t, iv. 119, Nj. 93; halda njósn (sing.) um skip þat, Eg. 74; þér haldit njósnum nær færi gefr á Arnkatli, Eb. 186; hann lét h. njósnum uppi á landi, Fms. vii. 316; hann hélt fréttum til, ef …, iv. 349.β. halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold ( the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes, Nj. 132, Fms. v. 196; h. fyrir munn e-m, to hold ( the hand) over one’s mouth; h. hendi yfir e-m, to hold the hand over one, protect one, Nj. 266, Fbr. 22, Korm.; h. hendi um háls e-m, to clasp the hands around one’s neck, Fms. i. 9; h. skildi fyrir e-n, to hold the shield for one as a second in a duel, Ísl. ii. 257, passim; h. e-m til náms, to hold one to the book, make one study, K. Þ. K. 56; h. e-m til virðingar, Ld. 98.IV. ellipt. (liði, skipi, för, stefnu, etc. understood), to hold, stand in a certain direction, esp. as a naut. term; þeir héldu aptr ( stood back again) um haustið, Eg. 69; treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6; héldu þeir vestr um haf, id.; stigu þeir á skip sín, ok héldu út ( stood out) eptir firði, Fms. i. 63; þeir héldu þat sama sumar til Íslands, Ld. 6; hann hélt upp eptir hinni eystri kvísl, Fms. vii. 55; h. heim, to hold one’s course, stand homewards, Odd. 30; h. á braut, Grág. i. 92; Hrútr hélt suðr til Eyrar-sunds, Nj. 8; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one, 7; h. undan, to fly, Fms. x. 396, Nj. 98 (on land); kom móti þeim sunnan-veðr með myrkri, ok urðu þeir fyrir at h., to lay one’s course for the wind, A. A. 271; h. útleið, to stand on the outer tack, Eg. 78; h. til, to turn against, attack (on sea), Fms. xi. 72; hélt hann liði sínu suðr á Mæri, i. 62; þeir héldu liði sínu norðr til Þrándheims, id.; Haraldr konungr hélt norðan liði sínu, Eg. 32; héldu þeir skipi því suðr með landi, 69; skipi því lét hann halda vestr til Englands, id.; Unnr hélt skipinu í Orkneyjar, eptir þat hélt Unnr skipi sínu til Færeyja, Ld. 8.β. to graze, put in the field, of sheep, cattle; þykkir mér þat miklu skipta at þeim sé vel til haga haldit, Eg. 714; hvert Steinarr hafði látið nautum sínum halda, 715; ok bað hann h. nautunum annan veg, 716.γ. phrases, halda kyrru fyrir, to hold still, remain quiet, Ld. 216, Þórð. 30 new Ed., Nj. 223, 258; Hallr heldr nú til fangs ( went fishing) sem áðr, Ld. 38.V. with prep.; halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand, freq. in mod. usage, h. á bók, penna, fjöðr, hníf, skærum, nál, etc.; hafði hverr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; h. á sverði, Fb. i. 33; hann tók við öxinni ok hélt (viz. á), ok sá á, Eg. 180: to hold fast, heldr nú maðr á manni, Fas. i. 12; eigi máttu helvítis byrgi h. á honum, 656 C. 6; ef hann heldr á fénu ( withholds it), Grág. i. 427.β. [Germ. anhalten], to hold to a thing, go on with, be busy about; h. á sýslu, to be busy, Rm. 14; h. á keri, qs. halda á drykkju, to go on drinking, carousing, Hm. 18: h. á hinni sömu bæn, Stj. 417; h. á fyrirsátrum við e-n, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; h. á búnaði sínum, Ld. 164; hélt hann þá á búnaði sínum sem skjótligast, Fms. ix. 215, x. 119, Sturl. ii. 245; þogar á bak Jólum hélt Ólafr konungr á búningi, Fms. v. 41; hann heldr nú á málinu, Nj. 259; nú heldr Þórðr á málinu ok verðr Oddný honum gipt, Bjarn. 11, Konr. (Fr.); h. á tilkalli, Fms. i. 84; h. á þessum sið, xi. 41; h. á för, to go on with one’s journey, Sighvat; gengu síðan brott ok héldu á ferð sinni, and went on their journey, Sturl.;—whence the mod. phrase, halda áfram, to go on, which seems not to occur in old writers.2. halda e-u fram, to hold up, make much of; bróðir minn mun mér mjök hafa fram haldit fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3.β. to hold on doing, (hence fram-hald, continuation); halda fram upp-teknu efni, Fms. i. 263; slíku hélt hann fram meðan hann lifði, iv. 254; hélt hann (fram) teknum hætti um veizlurnar, id., Grett. 14.3. halda saman, to hold together, Eluc. 6, Fms. vii. 140, Rb. 340.4. halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, Yngvarr hélt upp vísu þeirri, Eg. 152; steinninn heldr upp annarr öðrum, Rb. 390; h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling, Fas. ii. 517, N. G. L. i. 65.β. to uphold, maintain, support; halda upp hofi, Landn. 64, Eb. 24; h. upp hofum ok efla blót, Fms. i. 91; h. upp kirkju, K. Þ. K. 52; h. upp Kristninni, Fms. i. 32: to keep going, h. upp bardaga, orrostu, xi. 66, 188, 340.γ. to discharge; h. upp féráns-dómi, Grág. i. 120; h. upp lögskilum, 145; h. upp svörum, Ó. H. 174; h. upp kostnaði, Eg. 77; h. upp gjaldi, Grág. i. 384; gjöldum, Fms. i. 81; h. upp bót, Grág. ii. 182; bótum, Eb. 100, 162, N. G. L. i. 311; ef hann heldr upp yfirbót ( penance) þeirri, Hom. 70; h. upp bænum fyrir e-m, to pray for one, Fms. xi. 271; hélt hann því vel upp sem vera átti, discharged it well, x. 93.δ. halda sér vel upp, to hold oneself well up, Sturl.ε. metaph., skal-at hann lögvillr verða, svá at honum haldi þat uppi (i. e. went unpunished), Grág. i. 316; ok heldr honum þat uppi ( that will save him), ef hann er rétt-hafi at orðinn, ii. 242.5. halda e-u við, to maintain a thing, Hkr. i. 195.VI. impers.,1. to continue, last; hélt því nokkura stund dags, Fms. x. 125: hélt því lengi um vetrinn, Ld. 288; regni hélt haustnótt gegnum, Fms. vi. 83.2. with prep. við, to be on the brink of; hélt þá við atgöngu, they were within a hair’s breadth of coming to fight, Hkr. i. 143; hélt þá við vandræði, Fms. ix. 434; heldr við bardaga, vi. 8; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of a threat, i. 305; hélt við blót, x. 106; ok hélt við flótta, i. 174; hélt við meiðingar, Nj. 21, Sd. 143; henni hélt við, at hón mundi drepa hana, Nj. 118; þeim hélt við váða sjálfan, Ó. H. 168; konungi hélt við, hvárt hann mundi standask eðr eigi, Mag. 100; honum hélt við kafnan, Bs. i. 18; hélt þó við at þeir mundi berjask, Fs. 53.B. WITH ACC. to hold:I. to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate, office, or the like; þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum, Fms. xi. 131; þeir er áðr höfðu haldit land af Dana-konungi, i. 232; Eirekr skyldi h. land af Aðalsteini konungi, 23; Vemundr hélt Firða-fylki, Eg. 12; hélt hann þat ríki undir Knút konungi, Ísl. ii. 242; í þeirri borg héldu þeir langfeðgar fimmtán konungdóma, Ver. 37; h. land sem leigu-land, Grág. ii. 278; konungrinn heldr af Guði nafnit, Sks. 599 B; prestar er kirkjur halda, H. E. i. 486; sá prestr er heldr Pétrs-kirkju, N. G. L. i. 312; presta þeirra er kirkju halda, 346; skal sá maðr ráða er kirkju heldr, K. Þ. K. 60; Ólafs kirkju þá er Væringjar halda (the parish church of W.), Hkr. iii. 408.2. halda ábyrgju, ábyrgð á e-n, to have the responsibility of a thing, Grág. ii. 399, K. Þ. K. 66; h. grip, to be in the possession of, Grág. i. 438, ii. 190; h. skóla, to keep a school, Mar.; h. fylgð, to perform, Fms. ix. 279; eiga vandræði at h., to be in a strait, difficulty, Eb. 108.II. to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday, or the like; halda kirkju-dag, K. Þ. K. 42; í hvers minning heldr þú þenna dag? Nj. 157; h. helgan þvátt-dag hvern, Pr. 437; h. helga daga, Sl.; h. Jóla-dag, Páska, Hvíta-sunnu, Rb. 134; minnstú að h. helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns (the Fourth Commandment in the Icel. version); h. heilagt, to keep holiday, Dipl. ii. 14; í dag þá hátíð höldum vér til himna sté vor Herra, Hólabók 54; er Júdar héldu hátíðligt, Stj. 110; (hence forn-haldinn, time-honoured): of the day-marks (vide dagr, p. 95), er þaðan haldinn miðr-morgin, Hrafn. 9.2. to keep; halda orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. x. 95; höldum öll einka-mál vár, vii. 305; h. sættir, Nj. 57; gerðú svá vel, félagi, at þú halt vel sætt þessa, 111, Sturl. iii. 153, Fs. 65, Gullþ. 20; hann kvaðsk vilja hafa svardaga af þeim ok festu, at halda, Nj. 164; h. eið, Sturl. iii. 153; h. frið, to keep peace, Greg. 7; ef þú vilt nokkura hluti eigi h. þá er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738: to observe faith, law, rite, etc., halda átrúnað, Fms. i. 34, x. 277; h. Guðs lög ok landsins, vii. 305; h. lands lög, viii. 155; h. ein lög, 625. 52; hafa ok halda þau lög, Fms. i. 34; h. Kristilega trú, K. Á. 74; h. mál (orð) e-s, Greg. 17; h. alla hluti með athugasamlegu minni, Sks. 439.3. to keep, tend; halda geitr, Hkv. 2. 20 (exactly as in Gothic).III. to uphold, maintain, support; þykkir mér þér sé nú ísjár-vert, hvárt þú munt fá haldit þik eðr eigi, Nj. 155; munu vér þó ekki einhlitir at h. oss eptir þessi verk, Háv. 50; at hón mætti með valdi h. sik ok menn sína, Fas. i. 375; þat væri nokkurr várkunn, at þú héldir frænda þinn eðr fóstbróður, en þetta er alls engi (at) halda útlaga konungs, Ó. H. 145; enda ætla ek lítinn viljann til at h. vini þína, Fms. vii. 244; því at Eysteinn konungr kenndi Inga konungi, at hann héldi þá menn, 248; ef þú heldr hann ( upholdest him) til þess at ganga á vini mína, Eg. 339; viljum vér allir fylgja þér ok þik til konungs halda, Fms. i. 34; Stephanus skyldi h. hann til laga ok réttinda, Sks. 653; h. e-n til ríkis, Fb. i. 236; vinsæld föður hans hélt hann mest til alþýðu vináttu, Fms. vii. 175; þeir sem upp h. ( sustain) þenna líkama, Anecd. 4.β. phrases, halda e-m kost, borð, to keep at board, entertain, Fms. ix. 220, x. 105, 146, Nj. 6; or, halda e-n at klæðum ok drykk, Ó. H. 69; h. stríð, bellum gerere (not class.), Fms. x. 51; h. úfrið, Fas. ii. 539.2. halda sik, to comfort oneself, Sks. 281, Hom. 29; kunna sik með hófi at h., Sturl. iii. 108; h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously, Ld. 234; hann hélt betr húskarla sína en aðrir, Fms. vii. 242; h. mjök til skarts, to dress fine, Ld. 196; þar var Hrefna ok hélt allmjök til skarts, id.; hann var hægr hvers-dagliga, ok hélt mjök til gleði, Sturl. iii. 123; hélt hann hér mjök til vinsælda ok virðinga, he enjoyed much popularity and fame, Ld. 298.β. ellipt. (sik understood), at h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one, Ld. 40; ef þér hefir eigi til þess hug eðr afl at h. til jafns við e-n húskarl Þorsteins, Eg. 714; h. til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full rights; ef þær taka eigi fullrétti, eðr h. eigi til fullnaðar, Grág. ii. 109; h. fullara, to hold one above other men, Ó. H. (in a verse); lét konungr þá h. mjök til ( make great preparations) at syngja messu hátíðliga, Hkr. i. 287.3. to hold forth, put forward; at þeim inyiidi þungbýlt vera í nánd honum, ef þeir héldi nokkurn annan fyrir betra mann en hann, Ld. 26; síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan mann, Fms. ix. 399.β. to hold, deem, be of opinion; the old writers seem not to use the word exactly in this sense, but near to it come such phrases as, hón hélt engan hans jafningja innan hirðar hvárki í orðum né öðrum hlutum, i. e. she held him to be above all men, Ld. 60; halda menn hann fyrir konung, Fb. i. 216; still closer, halda menn at Oddný sé nú betr gipt, Bjarn. 12 (but only preserved in a paper MS.): this sense is very freq. in mod. usage, to hold, mean, eg held það; eg held ekki, I think not; (hence hald, opinion.)γ. phrases, halda mikit upp á e-n, to hold one in much esteem, love, Stj. 33; halda af e-m, id., Fas. i. 458, ii. 63, 200, iii. 520, esp. freq. in mod. usage, (upp-á-hald, af-hald, esteem.)4. to hold on, keep up; halda varnir, to keep up a defence, Sks. 583; halda vörð, to keep watch, Eg. 120, Grág. i. 32, 264; halda njósn, Eg. 72, 74, Fms. xi. 46; halda tal af e-m, to speak, communicate with one, ii. 88.5. to hold, be valid, be in force, a law term; á sú sekt öll at halda, Grág. i. 89; á þat at h. allt er þeir urðu á sáttir, 86; enda á þat at h. með þeim síðan, ii. 336.IV. to hold, compel, bind (with the notion of obligation or duty); heldr mik þá ekki til utan-ferðar, Nj. 112; þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, i. e. thou art excused, thou hast some excuse in trying, 21; var auðsætt hvat til hélt um sættir, Bjarn. 70; þik heldr eigi hér svá mart, at þú megir eigi vel bægja héraðs-vist þinni, Eb. 252; þar mælir þú þar, er þik heldr várkunn til at mæla, Nj. 227; ek mun vera vinr hans, ok alla þá, er at mínum orðum láta, halda til vináttu við hann, i. e. I will be his friend, and all those who lend ear to my words I will hold to friendship with him, Eg. 18.2. halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself from, to refrain from a thing, Sks. 276 B; h. sik frá munaðlífi, Post. 656 A. ii. 16, Hom. 53, 135; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from, Hkr. i. 512.V. absol. to be the cause of, be conducive to a thing; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this, Nj. 192; vildim vér vita hvat til heldr, Fms. vii. 106; en hann vissi eigi hvat til hafði haldit, er hann kom eigi, xi. 11; margir hlutir héldu til þess, Eg. 38; þat hélt til þess, at …, Al. 94; hélt til þess ( conduced to it) góðgirnd hans, stórmennska ok vitsmunir, Fs. 29; hefir þat mjök til haldit, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalizt, at ek ætlaða, Ld. 32; hann lét bæði til h. vingan ok mágsemd, Fs. 24; heldr þat mest til at þá var komit útfall sjávar, Ld. 56; hélt þat mest til þess, at hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, 60; þat eitt hélt til, at þeir fóru eigi málum á hendr Þórði, at þeir höfðu eigi styrk til, 138.VI. to hold, comprise; sólar-öld heldr tuttugu ok átta ár, Rb. 510; h. skor (of weight), Grág. i. 500.☞ In some instances the use of dat. and acc. wavers, e. g. halda húsum, to keep up the houses, Grág. ii. 278, 335; h. hliði, to keep the gate in repair, 265; but halda hlið (acc.), 332: to keep, observe, h. lögum, griðum, boðorðum, Glúm. 333, Grág. i. 357, ii. 166, 623. 28; hélt hann þessu sumu, Fms. x. 416 (Ágrip); halda ílla orðum, vii. (in a verse); þeir er því þingi áttu at h., Glúm. 386; h. sáttum, St. 17; h. eiðum, Bkv. 18; Gizuri þótti biskup h. ríkt ( protect strongly) brennu-mönnum, Sturl. i. 201 C; Guð er sínum skepnum heldr (keeps, protects) ok geymir, Mar.; þá hélt engi kirkju mönnum, … kept no man safe, Fms. ix. 508; h. njósn (acc.) um e-t, Eg. 74; h. til njósn, 72; njósnir, Fms. xi. 46. In most of these instances the acc. is the correct case, and the dat. is due either to careless transcribers or incorrect speaking: in some instances an enclitic um has been taken for a dative inflexion, thus e. g. sáttum haldi in Stor. l. c. is to be restored to sátt um haldi; eiðum haldit in Bkv. l. c. to eið (for eiða) um haldit; in others the prep. um has caused the confusion, as ‘halda njósn um at’ has been changed into halda njósnum at. But in the main the distinction between the use of dat. and acc. is fixed even at the present time: the acc. seems to represent the more primitive usage of this verb, the dat. the secondary.C. REFLEX.:I. to hold oneself, to stay; héldusk þeir þá ekki fyrir norðan Stað, Fms. i. 63; mátti hann eigi þar haldask, Landn. 246; h. á baki, to keep oneself on horseback, keep one’s seat, Grág. ii. 95; munu þeir skamma stund hér við haldask, Nj. 247: to be kept, remain, þá skal hann h. með Helju, Edda 39: to resist, megu vér ekki við h. fyrir ofreflis-mönnum þessum, Nj. 254; hélzk þá ekki við honum, Eg. 289; mann er svá hefir haldisk við höfuð-syndum, Hom. 157.β. to hold out, last, continue; ok hélzk ferillinn, Eg. 579; hélzk undr þetta allt til dags, Nj. 272 (twice); hélzk konungdómr í kyni hans, Rb. 394; lengi síðan hélzk bruna-öld með Svíum, Yngl. S.; lengi hélzk þat í ætt þeirri, at …, Eg. 770; hélzk vinátta með þeim, Nj. 66; þat hefir enn haldizk í ætt hans, Fms. iv. 8; ok hefir þat haldizk ( it has continued to be so) síðan er ek hefi hann séð, Ld. 174; honum haldisk (imperat.) sigr ok langt líf, Ver. 57; betr þætti mér, at hún héldisk þér, that it (the luck) would hold out for thee, Fb. ii. 74; ef hann helzk í útrú sinni, if he perseveres in his untruth, 623. 26.γ. to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldusk ( all bands were saved) ok svá fé, Ld. 8, Fs. 143; þar héldusk menn allir ok mestr hluti fjár, Eg. 405; hafði fé vel haldizk, has been well kept, done well, Ld. 34.δ. to be valid, stand; eigu þau handsöl hennar at haldask, Grág. i. 334; engi má haldask dómr hans, Edda 15; skyldu þau (the truce) haldask um þingit, Nj. 348.2. impers., mér helzk, e-m helzk vel, ílla, á e-u, to have a good hold, have luck with a thing; mér helzk lítt á sauða-mönnum, Grett. 110 A.3. recipr., haldask á, to hold or pull one against another, wrestle, (hence á-höld); var sagt Magnúsi, at þeir héldisk á úti, that they were fighting outside, Sturl. ii. 44.II. part. pass. haldinn, [Dan. holden], so ‘holden,’ in such and such a state; vel haldinn, in good condition, faring well, well to do, Eg. 20, 234; hugðusk þar ok haldnir ( safe) mundu vera, Ver. 34; þungliga h., very sick, Eg. 565, Hkr. ii. 199; vel haldinn, doing well; tak heldr annat fé, svá mikit, at þú þykisk vel haldinn af, i. e. fully satisfied, having got full redress, Boll. 350; Sveinn sagði, at hann vill hafa tvá hluti fjárins, Hrani sagðisk ekki af því haldinn ( satisfied) vera, Fms. iv. 31: in the phrase, heilu ok höldnu, safe and sound, Bs. i. 191, Fms. xi. 376, Hkr. i. 319; með höldnu hljóði, preserving the sound, Skálda 175.2. ok mun þykkja sér misboðit ef þú ert haldinn (kept, protected), Finnb. 344.β. kept, observed, Fms. xi. 99.γ. held in custody, in prison, Bs. i. 419, Sturl. i. 151.III. gerund., haldandi, holding good, valid; sá dómr er eigi haldandi, is not valid, K. Á. 304; af öllu afli er friðr haldandi, Hom. 5.2. part. act., með upp haldandi höndum, with uplifted hands, Bs. i. 684. -
77 hádegis-skeið
n. the midday time, Sturl. ii. 199: in many local names, hádegis-varða, -bunga, denoting the point in the horizon under the hádegi. -
78 HEYRUM
dat. pl. of an obsolete heyrar; variously spelt, hörum (i. e. hørum, which seems to be the best form), herum, hærum; even with r inserted, hreyrom, Kb. ii. 178, hrörom, Sb. ii. 389, no doubt erroneously, prob. from the original having eo = ø, which the transcriber read as ro, (see Gramm. p. xxxv, signif. B. I. K.) The word probably means of the homestead or family, domestic (cp. A. S. hyred = family, Engl. hire, Dan. hyre, vide heyringi above): it occurs a few times in the Grág., and is used only of neighbours, in the law phrase, réttir at heyrum; (in Kb. i. 62, the point should stand after hærum, and the new sentence begin with the following word); also, sækja … við heyrinorð fimm landeiganda þeirra er réttir sé í kviðum at hörom við aðilja, Grág. (Sb.) ii. 146; þá skal búa kveðja þá er næstir búa þingvelli þeirra manna er réttir sé at hrom, Sb. ii. 93; þeirra er réttir sé at skuldleikum ok at hreyrum, Kb. ii. 178 (l. c.); búendr skal kveðja fyrr en griðmenn ef til þess eru, þá er næstir eru þar, ok þá er at hærom sé réttir, 85; nema sá teli er réttr væri í kviðnum at hærom, i. 62; kennendr tvá þá er í hrrom sé réttir, Sb. ii. 389; kennendr tvá þá er í heyrom sé réttir, er þat visso at fé þat báru á skip, Kb. l. c.; þá búa er réttir sé í kviðum ok at heyrum, ii. 68. -
79 HUGR
(-ar, -ir), m.1) mind;í hug eða verki, in mind or act;vera í hug e-m, to be in one’s mind;koma e-m í hug, to come into one’s mind, occur to one;leiða e-t hugum, to consider;ganga (líða, hverfa) e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory, to be forgotten;snúa hug sínum eptir (at, frá) e-u, to turn one’s mind after (to, from);mæla um hug sér, to feign, dissemble;orka tveggja huga um e-t, to be of two minds about a thing;orkast hugar á e-t, to resolve;ef þér lér nökkut tveggja huga um þetta, if thou be of two minds about the matter;2) mood, heart, temper, feeling;góðr hugr, kind heart;illr hugr, ill temper, spite;heill hugr, sincerity;reynast hugi við, to make close acquaintance;hugir þeirra fóru saman, they loved each other;3) desire, wish;leggja hug á e-t, to lay to heart, take interest in;leggja lítinn hug á e-t, to mind little, neglect;leggja hug á konu, to fall in love with a woman;mér leikr hugr á e-u, I long (wish) for a thing;e-m rennr hugr til e-s, to have affection for one;mér er engi hugr á at selja hann, I have no mind to sell him;4) foreboding;svá segir mér hugr um, I forebode;hann kvað sér illa hug sagt hafa ( he had evil forebodings) um hennar gjaforð;mér býðr hugr um e-t, I anticipate (eptir gekk mér þat, er mér bauð hugr um);mér býðr e-t í hug, it enters my mind, I think;gøra sér í hug, to imagine;5) courage;hugr ræðr hálfum sigri, a stout heart is half the battle;herða huginn (hug sinn), to take heart, exert oneself.* * *m., gen. hugar, dat. hugi and hug, pl. hugir; an older form hogr occurs in very old MSS., e. g. hog-gði, 655 xxv. 2, and still remains in the compds hog-vrr etc., see p. 280: [Ulf. hugs = νους, but only once, in Ephes. iv. 17, whereas he usually renders νους etc. by other words, as fraþi, aha, muns; A. S. hyge; Hel. hugi; O. H. G. hugu; Dan. hu; Swed. håg; hyggja, hugga, hyggð, -úð (q. v.) are all kindred words and point to a double final]:—mind, with the notion of thought, answering to Germ. gedanke; hugr er býr hjarta nær, Hm. 94; engi hugr má hyggja, Fms. v. 241; enn er eptir efi í hug mínum, 623. 26; í hug eða verki, in mind or act, Fms. vi. 9; koma e-m í hug, to come into one’s mind, to bethink one, iv. 117, Fb. ii. 120, 325; vera í hug e-m, to be in one’s mind; þat mun þér ekki í hug, thou art not in earnest, Nj. 46, Fms. iv. 143; hafa e-t í hug, to have a thing in mind, intend; renna hug sínum, to run in one’s mind, consider, vii. 19; renna hug or hugum til e-s, Hom. 114; koma hug á e-t, to call to mind, remember, 623. 16; leiða e-t hugum, to consider, Sks. 623; leiða at huga, Skv. 1; ganga, líða, hverfa e-m ór hug, to forget, Ó. H. 157, Fms. vi. 272; snúa hug sínum eptir (at, frá) e-u, to turn one’s mind after (to, from) a thing, iv. 87, Eb. 204; mæla um hug sér, to feign, dissimulate, Fær. 33 new Ed., Hkv. 2. 15, Am. 70; orka tveggja huga um e-t, to be of two minds about a thing, Þjal. 31; orkask hugar á e-t, to resolve, Grett. 207 new Ed.; ef þér lér nokkut tveggja huga um þetta mál, if thou be of two minds about the matter, Odd. 112 new Ed.; ok ljær mér þess hugar (thus emend.) at né einn fái fang af honum, I ween that none will be a match for him, Fms. xi. 96.II. denoting mood, heart, temper, feeling, affection; góðr h., a good, kind heart, Hm. 118; íllr h., ill temper, spite, id.; heill h., sincerity, Sól. 4; horskr h., Hm. 90; í góðum hug, in a good mood, Fms. vi. 110, ix. 500 (v. l.), Stj. 453; in plur., vera í hugum góðum, Fas. i. 441 (in a verse); or simply, í hugum, ‘in one’s mind,’ cheerful, Hkm. 9, Hým. 11; bæði reiðr ok í hugum, both when angry and when glad, Post. 168; í reiðum hug, in angry mood, Fms. vi. 4; í hörðum hug, in hard ( sad) mood, distressed, 655 xii. 3; í íllum hug, in evil mood; af öllum hug, from all one’s heart, 686 B. 2 (Matth. xxii. 37), cp. Hm. 125: and adverb., alls hugar, from all one’s heart, Hom. 68; all hugar feginn, Hom. (St.): reynask hugi við, to try one another’s mind, make close acquaintance, Fb. iii. 446; því at hón vildi reynask hugum við hann ( examine him), Fs. 128; hugir þeirra fóru saman, their minds went together, they loved one another, 138.III. denoting desire, wish; leggja hug á e-t, to lay to heart, take interest in, Nj. 46; leggja mikinn hug á um e-t, Eg. 42; leggja allan hug á e-t, Ó. H. 44, 55; leggja lítinn hug á e-t, to mind little, Fms. x. 61; to neglect, 96; leggja hug á konu, to love a woman, Fs. 137, Fb. i. 303; leika hugr á e-u, to long, wish for a thing, hón er svá af konum at mér leikr helzt hugr á, Fms. vii. 103, Rd. 254; hugir þínir standa til þess mjök, Hom. 53; e-m rennr hugr til e-s, to have affection for one, Fb. i. 279; e-m er hugr á e-u, to have a mind for a thing, be eager for, have at heart; mér er engi hugr á at selja hann, I have no mind to sell him, Fms. i. 80, iv. 30, vii. 276; er þér nú jammikill hugr á at heyra draum minn sem í nótt? Dropl. 22, Nj. ii.2. in plur., personified, almost like fylgja or hamingja, q. v., a person’s ill-will or good-will being fancied as wandering abroad and pursuing their object; for this belief see the Sagas passim, esp. in dreams; þá vakti Torfi mik, ok veit ek víst, at þetta eru manna hugir, Háv. 55; þetta eru íllra manna hugir til þín, Þórð. 65; hvárt syfjar þik, Járnskjöldr faðir? Eigi er, Járndís dóttir, liggja á mér hugir stórra manna, art thou sleepy, father? Not so, daughter, but the minds of mighty men weigh upon me, Fb. i. 258: popular sayings referring to the travelling of the mind, e. g. fljótr sem hugr manns, swift as thought (Germ. gedankenschnell), cp. the tale of the race of Hugi and Thjalfi, Edda, and of Odin’s ravens Hugin and Munin.IV. with the notion of foreboding; svá segir mér hugr um, ‘so says my mind to me,’ I forebode, Fs. 127; kveðsk svá hugr um segja, sem konungr myndi úmjúklega taka því, Ó. H. 51; kvað sér ílla hug sagt hafa um hennar gjaforð, her wedlock had boded him evil, Ísl. ii. 19; en kvaðsk þó úvíst hugr um segja, hver …, i. e. he had little hope, how …, Fb. i. 360; e-m býðr e-t í hug, it bodes one, Ísl. ii. 32; bauð konungi þat helzt í hug, at …, Ó. H. 195, Eg. 21 (see bjóða IV); göra sér í hug, to imagine, Fms. viii. 338; telja sér í hug, id., Fb. ii. 322, Eb. 204.V. denoting courage; hugr ræðr hálfum sigri, a stout heart is half the battle, a saying, Fms. vi. 429 (in a verse); hugr ok áræði, Stj. 71; með hálfum hug, half-heartedly, faintly; með öruggum hug, fearlessly; herða huginn, Eg. 407, Ó. H. 241; engi er hugr í Dönum, Hkr. i. 338; treysta hug sínum, Odd. 112 new Ed.; hugar eigandi, bold, Fas. i. 522 (in a verse), Korm. 200; bregðask at hug, Þórð. 48; þat segi þér, at mér fylgi engi hugr, Fms. vii. 297; engi hugr mun í vera, Glúm. 356, passim.VI. COMPDS: hugarangr, hugarbeiskleikr, hugarbót, hugarburðr, hugarekki, hugarfar, hugarfýst, hugarglöggr, hugargóðr, hugarhræring, hugarhvarf, hugarkraptr, hugarlátliga, hugarlund, hugarótti, hugarreikan, hugarspeki, hugarstyrkr, hugarstyrkt, hugarválað, hugarvíl, hugaræði.B. COMPDS: hugást, hugblauðr, hugbleyði, hugblíðr, hugboð, hugboðit, hugborð, hugborg, hugbót, hugbrigðr, hugdirfð, hugdirfl, hugdjarfr, hugdyggr, hugfallast, hugfastliga, hugfastr, hugfár, hugfeldr, hugfesta, hugfróun, hugfró, hugfullr, huggóðr, huggæði, hughraustr, hughreysta, hughreysti, hughryggr, hughvarf, hughægr, hugkvæmi, hugkvæmiligr, hugkvæmr, huglauss, hugleggja, hugleiða, hugleiðing, huglétt, hugléttir, hugleikit, hugleysa, hugleysi, huglítill, hugljúfi, hugljúfr, hugmaðr, hugmannliga, hugmóðr, hugmynd, hugprúðr, hugprýði, hugrakkr, hugraun, hugreifr, hugrekki, hugrenning, hugreynandi, hugró, hugrúnar, hugsjó, hugsjón, hugsjúkr, hugskot, hugsnjallr, hugsótt, hugspakligr, hugspakr, hugspeki, hugspæi, hugsteinn, hugsterkr, hugstiginn, hugstoltr, hugstórr, hugstyrkr, hugstæðr, hugsvala, hugsvalan, hugsvinnr, Hugsvinnsmál, hugsýki, hugsýkja, hugtregi, hugtrúr, hugveikr, hugvekja, hugvit, hugvitr, hugvitsmaðr, hugværr, hugþekkliga, hugþekkr, hugþokkaðr, hugþokkan, hugþokki, hugþótti, hugþungt.II. in pl. in a few words, mostly poëtical: hugum-prúðr, adj. = hugprúðr; Hjálmarr inn h., a nickname, Fas. hugum-sterkr, -stórr, -strangr, adj. = hugstórr, etc., Hkv. 1. 1, Korm., Jd. 38, Fas. i. 418. -
80 hvatt
n. [hvetja], a c ut or mark on a sheep’s ear, a slice cut off one side of the ear; hvatt framan, aptan hægra, vinstra; whence hvat-rifað, n. adj. a hvat with a rift: when the slice is cut on both sides of the ear so as to make it like a spear’s point, it is called fjöður, a feather.
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См. также в других словарях:
point — 1. (poin ; le t se lie : un poin t important ; au pluriel, l s se lie : des points z importants) s. m. 1° Douleur qui point, qui pique. 2° Piqûre que l on fait dans l étoffe avec une aiguille enfilée d un fil. 3° Nom donné à certains… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
Point — Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point lace — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point net — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point of concurrence — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point of contrary flexure — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point of order — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point of sight — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point of view — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point paper — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Point system of type — Point Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
