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1 guîspjall
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2 guð-spjall
n., the form goðspill, Greg. 24; guðspillum, 656 A. i. 10: [A. S. godspell; Engl. gospel, i. e. gôð spell, a translation of the Gr. εὐ-αγγέλιον; Ormul. godd-spell—goddspell onn Ennglissh nemmnedd iss god (i. e. good) word and god tiþennde, god errnde … goddspell annd forrþi maȝȝ itt wel, god errnde ben ȝehatenn, Introd. 157 sqq.; (the form godd-spell, not godspell, shews that at the time of the Ormulum the root vowel had become short in Engl. pronunciation.) The word was in Icel. borrowed from English missionaries, and Icel. remains the only Scandin. country where the Evangel is called Gospel; Danes, Swedes, and Norsemen, as well as Germans, use the Greek word. The true etymological sense, however, was lost, probably because the root vowel had become short in Engl. by the time that the word was transplanted to Icel., so that guðspjall was understood to mean not good spell, but God’s spell]:—gospel; í þann tima er lokið var guðspjalli, Ó. H. 119 (the gospel in the service-book); pistlar ok guðspjöll, epistles and gospels, Vm. 1; með tíu laga boðorðum ok fjórum guðspjöllum, Mar. 13.COMPDS: guðspjallabók, guðspjallskross, guðspjallalektari, guðspjallamaðr, guðspjallasaga, guðspjallshistoria, guðspjallaskáld. -
3 BÓK
* * *(gen. bókar and bœkr; pl. bœkr), f.1) beech, beechtree;2) poet. textile fabric with figures woven in it (bœkr þínar enar bláhvítu);3) book;lesa á bók, to read a book;rita á bók, setja á bœkr, to set down in writing, to put on record;kunna (festa) et útan bókar, to know (to get) by heart;heilög bók, the divine book, the bible;4) the gospel (vinna eið at bók; cf. bókareiðr);5) Latin kenna em á bók, to teach one Latin;nema á bók, to learn Latin;setja en til bókar, to put one to school (in order to make him a priest);hann heitir á bók ( in Latin) Jaskonius;svá segir (er sagt) í bókum (in Latin books);6) lawbook, code of law (lögbók, Jónsbók).* * *1.ar, f. [Lat. fāgus; Gr. φηγός; A. S. bôc; Engl. beech; Germ. buche (fem.); Swed. bok; Dan. böge, etc.]:—a beech, Edda (Gl.), Lex. Poët. Owing to the absence of trees in Icel., the word rarely occurs; moreover the collect. beyki, n., is more freq.2.gen. bókar, but also in old writers bækr, pl. bækr, [Ulf. renders by bôca the Gr. βίβλος, γράμματα, επιστολή, etc.; A. S. bôc; Engl. book; Germ. buch (neut.); Swed. bok; Dan. bog: the identity between bók fāgus and bók liber seems certain; the gender is in all Scandinavian idioms the same; modern German has made a distinction in using buche fem., buch neut.; both are akin to the Gr.-Lat. fāgus, φηγός; cp. also the analogy with Gr. βίβλος and Lat. liber ( book and bark): bók-stafr also properly means a beech-twig, and then a letter. In old times, before the invention of parchment, the bark of trees was used for writing on]:—a book.I. the earliest notion, however, of a ‘book’ in Scandin. is that of a precious stuff, a textile fabric with figures, or perhaps characters, woven in it; it occurs three or four times in old poems in this sense; bók ok blæja, bjartar váðir, Skv. 3. 47; bækr (bekr) þínar enar bláhvítu ofnar völundum (of bed-sheets?), Hðm. 7, Gh. 4: bók-rúnar, Sdm. 19, may refer to this; or is it = runes engraven on beech-wood?II. a book in the proper sense. Icel. say, rita and setja saman bók (sögu), to write and compose a book ( story); old writers prefer saying, rita ‘á’ bók (dat. or acc.) instead of ‘í,’ perhaps bearing in mind that the earliest writings were on scrolls, or even on stones or wooden slabs—barbara fraxineis pingatur runa tabellis; they also prefer to use the plur. instead of sing. without regard to volumes (as in Engl. writings); það finst ritað á bókum, Fms. i. 157; á bókum Ara prests hins Fróða, iii. 106; historia ecclesiarum á tveim (sjau) bókum, Dipl. v. 18; á bókum er sagt, Landn. (pref.); á bókum Enskum, id.; á bók þessi (acc.) lét ek rita fornar frásagnir, Hkr. (pref.); but svá segir í bók þeirri sem Edda heitir, Skálda 222; þá hluti sem frammi standa í bók þessi, 159; svá sem hann (viz. Ari) hefir sjálfr ritað í sínum bókum, Ó. H. 188; þeir er Styrmir reiknar í sinni bók, Fb. ii. 68; hér fyrr í bókinni.III. a book, i. e. a story, history (Saga), since in Icel. histories were the favourite books; cp. Íslendinga-bók, Konunga-bók, bók Styrmis; Landnáma-bók; bækr þær er Snorri setti saman, Sturl. ii. 123. It is used of the Gospel in the law phrases, sem búar virða við bók, vinna eið at bók (bókar-eiðr), of a verdict given or an oath taken by laying the hand upon the Gospel, Grág. (Þ. Þ.) several times; as the Engl. phrase ‘to swear on the book’ is common; of a code (of law) = Jóns-bók, after A. D. 1272 or 1281, Bs. i. 720, 723, vide Ann. those years; hafa bók even means to hold the book, i. e. to hold the office of lögmaðr (law-man, judge); Þórðr Narfa son hafði bók, Ann. (Hol.) A. D. 1304; á bókarinnar vegna, on the part of the book, i. e. the law, D. N. ii. 492. Mod. phrases: skrifa, rita, semja bók, to write it; lesa í bók, to read it; but syngja á bók, to sing from a book; fletta bók, to turn over the leaves; líta, blaða, í bók, to peruse, look into a book (hann lítr aldrei í bók, he never looks into a book); lesa bók ofan í kjölinn, to read a book carefully, v. lesa bók spjaldanna í milli, to read it from end to end:—sálma-bók, flokka-bók, a hymn-book; kvæða-bók, ljóða-bók, a book of poems; sögu-bók, of histories; lög-bók, of laws; Guðs orða-bók, God’s word-book, a religious book:—also of MSS., Flateyjar-bók (Cod. Flateyensis), Orms-bók, Uppsala-bók, Konungs-bók, Staðarfells-bók, Skálholts-bók, etc.:—phrases relating to books: það er allt á eina bókina lært, all learnt from the same book, i. e. all of one piece (esp. denoting one-sidedness); blindr er bóklauss maðr, blind is a bookless man; læra utan-bókar, to learn without book, by heart; bókvit, ‘bookwit,’ knowledge got from books; mannvit, mother-wit, common sense; allra manna vit er minna en þeirra er af bókum taka mannvit sitt, Sks. 22:—also, setja e-n til bækr, to set one to book, i. e. put one to school in order to make him priest; berja e-n til bækr, to thrash one to the book, i. e. into learning, Bs. i; a book has spjöld, boards; kjöl, keel, back; snið, cut; brot, size.COMPDS: bókagull, bókagörð, bókakista, bókalectari, bókalist, bókarblað, bókarbót, bókareiðr, bókareiðstafr, bókarlag, bókarskeyting, bókarskrá, bókarstóll, bókartak, bókarvitni, bókaskápr, bókasteinn, bókastokkr. -
4 bóka
(að), v. to affirm by oath on the book (Gospel); bókaðr eiðr = bókareiðr.* * *að, to affirm by oath on the book ( Gospel), Gþl. 151; bókaðr eiðr, vitni, = bókareiðr, D. N. i. 81, ii. 230: mod. to record, register. -
5 TELJA
* * *(tel; talda; taliðr, taldr, talinn), v.1) to count, number (G. biskup hafði telja látit bœndr á Íslandi);telja kyn sitt til e-s, eiga til e-s at telja, to trace one’s descent from;þótt þú eigir frændsemi at telja við mik, though thou canst reckon thyself my kith and kin;2) to tell, say, set forth;hann taldi litla sína fýsi at róa lengra, he said that he had little mind for rowing farther;telja tölu, to make a speech, preach a sermon;3) to reckon, consider (H. telr sik nú hraustari mann en áðr var hann);telja sér e-t, to claim for oneself, reckon as one’s property (Þ. krókr taldi sér dalinn, ok kallaði hann þat sitt landnám);4) telja fyrir vindi, to go well before the wind, of a ship (skipin voru örskreið ok töldu vel fyrir vindinum);5) with preps., telja e-t af, to dissuade;telja e-t af fyrir e-m, to dissuade one from;telja at e-u, to blame, find fault with, object to (man ek ekki at telja, þó at þú trúir á þat goð, er þér líkar);telja á e-n, to rebuke, blame;telja e-t eptir e-m, to grudge one a thing (ekki tel ek mat eptir ykkr);telja fyrir e-m, to try to persuade one (S. boðaði Þangbrandi heiðni ok taldi lengi fyrir honum);telja trú fyrir e-m, to preach the gospel to one;telja e-t ofan, to dissuade from;telja til e-s, to claim (taldi hann til ríkis);telja e-t upp, to enumerate, reckon up (þá taldi Þ. upp konur þær, sem vóru í Borgarfirði úgiptar);6) refl., teljast undan e-u, to decline, refuse (telst hann undan förinni).* * *pres. tel, telr, tel, pl. teljum, telit, telja; pret. talði and taldi, pl. tölðu; subj. telði; imperat. tel, teldú; part. taliðr, taldr, and talinn; neut. older form talt, then talið: plur. neut. talið, Gh. 20; thus in Edda i. 401, v. l. 22, all forms occur, tolð, taulld, i. e. töld, talin, see also the references below: with pron. suff. tel-k, Stor. 22: neg. suff. telr-at, Grág. (Kb.) i. 178: [A. S. tellan, telian; Engl. tell; Dan. tælle; Germ. zählen.]B. To tell, count, number; árum at telja, Vsp. 6; nú hefi ek dverga talða, 12; meðan teljum hans ætt til goða, Ht., Vsp. 14; talði aura, Skv. 3. 37; t. fé í haga, skalat fyl telja, Grág. ii. 258; skalat úmögum fé t., K. Þ. K. 142; t. ætt e-s, Mar.; töldu margir kyn sitt til hans, Ld. 12; sá maðr talði frændsemi, telja knérunnum, … ef maðr telr rangt, Grág. i. 28; talðir til arfs, 172; talðir, Edda i. 482; þótt þú eigir frændsemi at t. við mik, Nj. 42: t. sér e-t, to claim; Þórarinn krókr taldi sér dalinn, Gullþ. 4; þá taldi hann til ríkis, Fb. ii. 70.II. to tell, say, mention; ef it betra telk, Stor.; fyr telja (Dan. fortælle) fornspjöll, Vsp. 1; telja böl af trega, … t. móðug spjöll, … trauðmál talið, … tregróf um talið, to tell a woful tale, Og. 12, Gh. 1, 9, 21; t. tíva fyr fyrða liði, to tell tales of the gods before men, Hm. 160: to call, say, þat tel ek undr, Yt.; hann talði litla sína fýsi at róa lengra, he said he had little mind for roving farther, Hým. 20; talði honum happ ef …, Am. 87; lífs tel ek ván önga, 88; as a law term in pleading in court, tel ek ( I declare) hann eiga at verða um sök þá sekan, Nj. 229; tel ek hann af sök þeirri sekjan fjörbaugs-mann, Grág. i. 365, 366; eigi síðarr enn nú er talið, told, 18; þá talði Þórðr Gellir tölu um at Lögbergi, … ok talði hvat honum varð fyrir, áðr …, then Thord Gellir spoke at length on the Law-hill, and told how much trouble it cost him, ere …, Jb. 8.2. to talk, speak; Skeggi kvað engan mann t. af sér þat er hann ætti, talk it from him, talk him out of his own property, Grett. 93 A; telr hann merkiliga tölu, preached a remarkable sermon, Bs. i. 465; fær Porus talt huginn í þá, he put courage into them by his speech, Al. 142; talði hann honum allt hversu hann kom þangat, Str. 10; Saulus talði á mót Gyðingum, spoke against the Jews, 656 C. 13; Gyðingar tölðu i gegn Páli, 15; Guð, sá er svá telr (tölr Cod.) ‘gefit allt’…, Blas. 43; tjá ok telja, Fms. ii. 157.III. with prepp.; telja af, to dissuade, Eg. 765: telja at e-u, to blame, find fault with, object to, Fms. i. 35, x. 38, Eg. 252, Nj. 66: t. á e-n, to charge (átölur); með því at hvárir-tveggi teli nökkut á aðra, Fms. x. 28; þeir þóttusk mikit eiga at telja á við Dani, 50, Nj. 26; er talið einlát á hendr honum, he is charged with ‘einlát, Grág. i. 178, Ld. 282: t. fram, to tell out, count out; t. kvið fram, Grág. i. 53; t. vætti fram, Nj. 233: t. eptir, to grudge. Fms. ii. 150 (eptir-tölur): t. ofan, to dissuade, xi. 11: t. upp, to tell up, enumerate, Nj. 22, Fms. i. 21, 80: t. fyr, to tell, narrate, record (Dan. fortælle), Vsp. 1; t. fyrir e-m, to persuade (for-tölur), Nj. 160; t. trú fyrir e-m, to preach the gospel for one, 623. 28, 656 C. 19: t. til, to claim, Eg. 338, Fms. xi. 388; t. til við e-n, to count, plead; á ek hvárki at t. til við þik mægðir né frændsemi, Nj. 213; skaltú til telja skatna marga, Hdl.: t. um e-t, langt es um þat at telja, ‘tis a long tale to tell, 655 xiii. A. 2; t. um fyrir e-m, to persuade, Fms. xi. 105: t. við, to speak against, Greg. 29.IV. the naut. term, telja fyrir vindi, to be going well through the water, of a ship, but only in the pret.; var byrr góðr ok tölðu (tolþo Cod.) snekkjurnar ekki lengi fyrir vindi, the wind was fair, and the smacks were making good way, Ó. H. 104; töldu snekkjurnar ekki lengi fjörðinn fyrir vindinum, Fms. iv. 237, l. c.; skipin vóru örskreið ok töldu vel fyrir vindinum, the ships were fast, and went well before the wind, i. 100; töldu snekkjurnar skjótt fyrir vindinum, Orkn. 412; the phrase is now obsolete, but an analogy is found in lesa (lesa …, esp. as in the phrase lesa hafit, Fs. 28).V. reflex., telsk saman frændsemi þeirra, they prove to be relations, N. G. L. i. 350; ekki var ek hér til með þjófum talin, Fms. vi. 106; em ek eigi ráðspakr taliðr, Skv. 1; þú munt taliðr ættar-spillir, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); teljask með dugandi mönnum, Fms. xi. 270; í Bjarka-málum eru tölð (tóð Kb. erroneously) mörg gulls heiti, Edda i. 400, v. l. 22; engi fær talt með tungu, Líkn.; nú hefi ek talt tíu landreka, Fb. ii. 524 (in a verse); er þat enn útalt ( untold) at …, Fms. vi. 222; svá mikit sem til telsk, in proportion (til-tala), Grág. i. 270; þat telsk svá til, it turns out, of accounts; teljask undan, to excuse oneself, decline, Fms. iii. 109, x. 99, Nj. 200.2. to say of oneself; teljumk ek nú aðili at sök þeirri, Grág. i. 365, 366; talðisk eigi vita sér ván verka-manna, told that he knew of none, Edda 48; telsk mér þat helzt í hug (Lat. animum inducere), Eg. 521; þat talðisk lengstum í huginn at hugsa, ef …, Ó. H. 195; þeir tölðusk ílla við komnir, 51.3. part., talið silfr, counted silver, i. e. the wadmal-standard, opp. to vegit, Grág. i. 500; ú-taldr, untold, uncounted; van-talið, of-talið. -
6 baug-eiðr
m. the oath upon the sacred temple ring in heathen times; b. Óðinn hygg ek at unnit hafi, hvat skal hans trygðum trúa, Hm. 110; cp. the phrase, vinna eið at baugi, v. baugr below; the baugeiðr of heathen times answers to the Christian bókeiðr and vinna eið at bók, to swear, laying the hand upon the Gospel. -
7 BLEZA
(að), v. to bless (blezaði guð þá hinn sjaunda daginn); also with dat. (guð blezaði bæði fuglum ok fiskum).* * *bletza, mod. blessa, að, [A. S. bletzian; Engl. bless; akin to blót, blóta, denoting worship]:—to bless; an English word, which came to Icel. and Norway along with the Gospel; in Norway it never took root, and soon died out, and is at present unknown in Scandinavia; whilst in Icel. it grew from a term of worship into a household word of endearment and affection; the guest or traveller is met with a ‘Guð blessi þig,’ God bless thee, in reply to his greeting, ‘hér sé Guð,’ when entering a house; it is also the reply to one returning thanks. The Norseman, Swede, and Dane say, ‘Gud signe dig’ (cp. Germ. segnen), whilst ‘signa’ ( signare) in Icel. usage only means to make the sign of the cross. Bleza is used as a standing epithet of the sun, blessuð sólin, the blessed sun: so also the alliterative phrase, blessað barnið, the blessed bairn; blessaðr, blessuð, in addressing, cp. Engl. bless you! In old writers it answers to Lat. benedicere:α. with acc., Stj. 28, 655 ix, ‘benedictus’ þýðir b., xxi, Fms. i. 230, K. Á. 120.β. with dat., rare and now unusual; Guð b. fiskum ok fuglum, Stj. 18, Eluc. 40, Blas. 40; blessuð ertú á meðal kvenna, N. T. Luke i. 28.2. reflex. to give good luck, succeed. -
8 boða
(að), v.1) to announce, proclaim;boða kristni, to preach Christianity;boða helga trú, to proclaim the holy faith;2) to bid, order, with dat.;konungr boðaði honum á sinn fund or til sín, the king bade him come to him;boða em saman, to call together, to summon;3) to bode, signify (hvat þetta mundi boða).* * *1.að,1. to announce, proclaim, esp. as rendering of the eccl. Lat. praedicare, to preach the Gospel, as a missionary; b. Kristni, to preach Christianity, Nj. 157; trú, 158, Fms. x. 298, H. E. i. 510; sjáið, eg boða yðr mikinn fögnuð, Luke ii. 10.β. hón boðaði Þangbrandi heiðni, Nj. 160.2. to bid, order, with dat.; lét hann b. á sinn fund öllum öldungum, Stj. 649; hann boðaði saman mörgu stórmenni, Bs. i. 470; konungr boðaði honum á sinn fund, the king bade him come, Fær. 131; b. e-n af löndum, to outlaw one, bid him off the land, Fms. vii. 17, 21.3. to bode, signify; hvat þetta mundi boða, Eb. 270; e-m b. e-t, he has a foreboding of it; mundi þar til draga sem honum hafði fyrir boðat, Eg. 75: impers., e-m boðar ótta, one feels uneasy, Sturl. i. 109, where Bs. i. 410 spells bjóða ótta (better).2.u, f. = boð, a command, N. G. L. i. 237. -
9 bókar-eiðr
m. an oath upon the Gospel, Dipl. ii. 2. -
10 bókar-tak
n. the touching the Gospel in taking an oath, D. N. -
11 bókar-vitni
n. witness upon the Gospel, Gþl. 400, Jb. 276, D. N. -
12 EIÐR
(-s, -ar), m. oath; vinna, sverja eið, to take (swear) an oath; rjúfa eið, to break an oath; ganga til eiða, to proceed to the taking of oaths; eigi verðr einn eiðr alla, a single oath does not clear all men.* * *m. [Ulf. aiþs; A. S. að; Engl. oath; North. E. aith; Swed. ed; Dan. eed; Germ. eid]I. an oath; vinna eið, but also sverja eið, to take an oath, to swear, Glúm. 387, Nj. 36, Grág., Sdm. 23; ganga til eiða, to proceed to the taking an oath, Nj., Grág.; eiðar, orð ok særi, Vsp. 30; fullr e., a full, just oath, Grett. 161; rjúfa eið, to break an oath (eið-rofi); perjury is mein-særi, rarely mein-eiðr (Swed.-Dan. men-ed, Germ. mein-eid); eiðar úsærir, false, equivocal oaths, Sks. 358; hence the proverb, lítið skyldi í eiði úsært, with the notion that few oaths can bear a close scrutiny, Grett. 161; trúnaðar-e., hollustu-e., an oath of fealty, allegiance: cp. the curious passages in Sturl. i. 66 and iii. 2, 3; dýr eiðr, a solemn oath; sáluhjálpar-e., sverja dýran sáluhjálpar-eið, to swear an oath of salvation (i. e. as I wish to be saved). In the Norse law a man was discharged upon the joint oath of himself and a certain number of men (oath-helpers, compurgators, or oath-volunteers); oaths therefore are distinguished by the number of compurgators,—in grave cases of felony (treason etc.), tylptar-e., an oath of twelve; in slighter cases of felony, séttar-e., an oath of six, (in N. G. L. i. 56, ch. 133, ‘vj á hvára hönd’ is clearly a false reading instead of ‘iij,’ three on each side, cp. Jb. Þb. ch. 20); grímu-eiðr, a mask oath, a kind of séttar-e.; lýrittar-e., an oath of three; and lastly, ein-eiði or eins-eiði, an oath of one, admissible only in slight cases, e. g. a debt not above an ounce; whence the old law proverb, eigi verðr einn eiðr alla, a single oath is no evidence for all ( cases), Sighvat, Fms. iv. 375, v. l., Bjarn. 22, Nj. 13: other kinds of oaths, dular-e., an oath of denial; jafnaðar-e., an oath of equity, for a man in paying his fine had to take an oath that, if he were plaintiff himself, he would think the decision a fair one: vide N. G. L. i. 56, 254–256, 394, Jb. and Js. in many passages. In the Icel. law of the Commonwealth, oaths of compurgators are hardly mentioned, the kviðr or verdict of neighbours taking their place; the passage Glúm. ch. 24, 25 is almost unique and of an extraordinary character, cp. Sir Edmund Head’s remarks on these passages in his notes to the Saga, p. 119, cp. also Sturl. iii. 2; but after the union with Norway the Norse procedure was partly introduced into Icel.; yet the Js. ch. 49 tries to guard against the abuse of oaths of compurgators, which led men to swear to a fact they did not know. As to the Icel. Commonwealth, it is chiefly to be noticed that any one who had to perform a public duty (lög-skil) in court or parliament, as judge, pleader, neighbour, witness, etc., had to take an oath that he would perform his duty according to right and law (baug-eiðr ring-oath, bók-eiðr gospel-oath, lög-eiðr lawful-oath), the wording of which oath is preserved in Landn. (Mantissa) 335, cp. Þórð. S. (Ed. 1860) p. 94, Band. (MS.)COMPDS: eiðabrigði, eiðafullting, eiðakonur, eiðalið, eiðamál, eiðasekt, eiðatak.II. a pr. name, Landn. -
13 guðspjalla-bók
f. [Ormul. goddspellboc], a ‘gospel-book,’ evangelistarium, Vm. 6, 7, Dipl. v. 18, K. Á. 88, Mar. 1 passim, Barl. 31. -
14 guðspjalla-lektari
a, m. a ‘gospel-stand,’ lectern, Vm. 108. -
15 guðspjalla-maðr
m. a ‘gospel-man,’ an evangelist, Stj. 144, Barl. 49, Sks. 562; at frásögn Mathias (Johannes, Markus, Lukas) guðspjallamanns, Mar. 1; still used so in Icel. -
16 guðspjalla-saga
u, f. the gospel history. -
17 guðspjalla-skáld
n. a ‘gospel-poet,’ evangelist, Clem. 52; Johannes Postuli guðspjallaskáld, Johann. 11; (this word is not used.) -
18 guðspjalls-kross
m. ‘gospel-cross,’ Vm. 66, 73, 109. -
19 HASTA
að, the mod. form of the old hersta (q. v.) in the phrase, hasta á e-n, to rebuke one to silence, command one to hold his peace, e. g. of children: used of Christ in the Gospel, þá reis hann upp og hastaði á vindinn og sjóinn, þá varð logn mikit, Matth. viii. 26. -
20 hús-lestr
m. a house-reading, home-service, family prayers, at which hymns are sung and a sermon or lesson read; such services are held in Icel. on Sundays all the year round, in the middle of the day, for the people who cannot get to church; the húslestr consists of the Gospel for the day and a printed sermon (Vídalíns Postilla), a short prayer, the Lord’s Prayer, and a hymn before and after. During the winter an evening service is held every week day (from November to April), which consists of a brief sermon (hugvekja), a prayer, the Lord’s Prayer, and a hymn: hence hús-lestrar-bók, f. a house-reading-book, a postil or the like; húslestrar-fær, adj. able to read a huslestr, of one who has learnt to read well; vera við húslestr, to attend a h. During Lent the Passíu-Sálmar are by popular consent appointed for the húslestr. This old and pious custom is entirely spontaneous, and not ordered by any church authority.
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