armentum

armentum, i, n. (old form armenta, ae, f., Liv. Andron. and Enn. ap. Non. p. 190, 20; Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.) [contr. for arimentum from aro, Varr. L. L. 5, § 96 Müll.; cf. Isid. Orig. 12, 2].

Cattle for ploughing; and collectively, a herd (but jumentum, contr. for jugimentum from jugum, draught-cattle; cf. Dig. 50, 16, 89); most freq. in the plur.: cornifrontes armentae, Liv. Andron. l. c.;

Enn. l. c.: At variae crescunt pecudes, armenta feraeque,

Lucr. 5, 228; cf. id. 1, 163:

grex armentorum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 7:

greges armentorum reliquique pecoris,

Cic. Phil. 3, 12 fin.; so Vulg. Deut. 28, 4:

ut accensis cornibus armenta concitentur,

Liv. 22, 17:

armenta bucera,

Ov. M. 6, 395.—In the sing.:

armentum aegrotat in agris,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 6:

pasci Armentum regale vides,

Ov. M. 2, 842; 8, 882; 11, 348:

armentum agens,

Liv. 1, 7:

ad armentum cucurrit,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 7; ib. Exod. 29, 1; ib. Ezech. 43, 19 et saep.—

Transf.

Of horses or other large animals:

bellum haec armenta minantur,

Verg. A. 3, 540.— In sing.:

sortiri armento subolem,

Verg. G. 3, 71; Ov. F. 2, 277; Col. 7, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 165; 11, 49, 110, § 263: hos (cervos) tota armenta sequuntur, Verg. A. 1, 185:

armenta immania Neptuni,

the monstrous beasts of Neptune, id. G. 4, 395.—

A herd, drove, as a collective designation; with gen.:

armenta boum,

Verg. G. 2, 195; so Vulg. Deut. 8, 13;

ib. Judith, 2, 8: multa ibi equorum boumque armenta,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17:

cynocephalorum,

id. ib. 7, 2, 2.—

For a single cow, ox, etc.:

centum armenta,

Hyg. Fab. 118.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

better àirigh, hill pasture, sheiling ( airghe, in Lh. for Gaelic); cf. Early Irish airge, áirge, place where cows are, dairy, herd of cattle; Early Irish airgech, herdswoman of Brigit; Irish airghe, pl. áiríghe (O'Br.), a herd of cattle; airgheach, one who has many herds; *ar-egia; Latin armentum? But See àrach, rear. Norse or Danish erg from Gaelic equals Norse setr (Ork. Sag.). This Norse form proves the identity of Gaelic with Early Irish airge; airge= ar-agio, *agio, herd.

ap-pello ( adp-, Fleck., Halm (in Tac.); app-, Merk., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Halm (in Nep.), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a. and n., to drive, move or bring a person or thing to or toward.

In gen.

Lit., constr. with ad, or in, with the dat., with quo, or absol.

With ad:

ad ignotum arbitrum me adpellis,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104:

armentum ad aquam,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

ad litora juvencos,

Ov. M. 11, 353: visum in somnis pastorem ad me appellere, to drive toward me, i. e. the herd, the flock, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22:

turres ad opera appellebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 26.—

With in:

in flumen,

Dig. 43, 13, 1.—

With dat.:

Hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris,

Verg. A. 3, 715.—

With quo: quo numquam pennis appellunt Corpora saucae Cornices, * Lucr. 6, 752.—

Absol.: dant operam, ut quam primum appellant, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 28: postquam paulo appulit unda (corpus), drove a little toward me, brought near, Ov. M. 11, 717 al.—

Trop.: animum ad aliquid, to turn, direct, apply:

animum ad scribendum adpulit,

Ter. And. prol. 1; so id. ib. 2, 6, 15.—Also to bring into any condition:

argenti viginti minae me ad mortem adpulerunt,

drove me to destruction, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 43; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 11.—

A.. Esp. freq. as a nautical t. t., to bring or conduct a ship somewhere, to land (in Cic. only in this signif.); constr.: appellere navem, nave, or absol. in act. and pass.; also navis appellit, or appellitur (cf. applico, II.).

With navem. [p. 141] abitu appellant huc ad molem nostram naviculam, Afran. ap. Non. p. 238, 24:

cum Persae classem ad Delum appulissent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18:

si ille ad eam ripam naves appulisset,

id. Phil. 2, 11, 26 Wernsd.:

cum ad villam nostram navis appelleretur,

id. Att. 13, 21:

Alexandrum in Italiam classem appulisse constat,

Liv. 8, 3; so id. 28, 42:

naves appulsae ad muros,

id. 30, 10; 44, 44; 45, 5 al.—

With nave:

cum Rhegium onerariā nave appulisset,

Suet. Tit. 5; cf. Gron. ad Liv. 30, 10.—

Act. absol.: huc appelle, * Hor. S. 1, 5, 12:

ad insulam appulerunt,

Liv. 37, 21:

cum ad litus appulisset,

Quint. 7, 3, 31:

cum ad Rhodum appulisset,

Suet. Tib. 11; so id. Ner. 27.—

Pass. absol.:

alios ad Siciliam appulsos esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28:

ripae suorum appulsus est,

Vell. 2, 107.—

Seldom in a neutr. sense:

navis adpellit,

comes to land, arrives at, Tac. A. 4, 27:

Germanici triremis Chaucorum terram adpulit,

id. ib. 2, 24; Suet. Aug. 98:

Alexandrina navis Dertosam appulit,

id. Galb. 10. — Poet.:

appellere aliquem: me vestris deus appulit oris,

Verg. A. 3, 715; so id. ib. 1, 377 (cf. id. ib. 1, 616: quae vis te immanibus applicat oris).—

Trop.:

timide, tamquam ad aliquem libidinis scopulum, sic tuam mentem ad philosophiam appulisti,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37:

nec tuas umquam rationes ad eos scopulos appulisses,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 25.

appello ( adp-, Ritschl), āvi, ātum, 1 ( subj. perf. appellāssis = appellaveris, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15), orig. v. n., as a secondary form of the preced. (cf.: jungere, jugare), to drive to or toward, to go to in order to accost, make a request, admonish, etc.; like adire, aggredi; hence like these constr. as v. a. with acc., to accost, address, to speak to, call upon (very freq. and class.).

In gen. adgrediar hominem, adpellabo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 26:

accedam atque adpellabo,

id. Am. 1, 3, 17:

adeamus, adpellemus,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. Poen. 5, 2, 22, 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 32:

te volo adpellare,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 50:

quo ore appellabo patrem?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22; id. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 22: Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 23 aliquem hilari vultu, Cic. Clu. 26, 72:

hominem verbo graviore,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58:

legatos superbius,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5:

homines asperius,

id. Agr. 2, 24:

ibi a Virdumaro appellatus,

accosted, Caes. B. G. 7, 54:

Adherbalis appellandi copia non fuit,

Sall. J. 22, 5 milites alius alium laeti appellant, id. ib. 53, 8, Tac. Agr. 40: senatu coram appellato, Suet Ner. 41; id. Tib. 29 al.:

nec audet Appellare virum virgo,

Ov. M. 4, 682 al. —Also to address by letter:

crebris nos litteris appellato,

Cic. Fam. 15, 20.—

Esp

1.. Freq. with the access. idea of entreating, soliciting, to approach with a request, entreaty, etc., to apply to, to entreat, implore, beseech, invoke, etc.:

vos etiam atque etiam imploro et appello,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188 quem enim alium appellem? quem obtester? quem implorem? id. Fl. 2:

quem praeter te appellet, habebat neminem,

id. Quint. 31; id. Fam. 12, 28:

quo accedam aut quos appellem?

Sall. J. 14, 17:

appellatus est a C. Flavio, ut, etc.,

Nep. Att. 8, 3:

appellatis de re publicā Patribus,

Suet. Caes. 34.—

Aliquem de aliquā re, to address one in order to incite him to something ( bad):

aliquem de proditione, Liv 26, 38, 4: de stupro,

Quint. 4, 2, 98.—Also without de:

aliquem,

Sen. Contr. 2, 15; Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 15.—

In judic. language, t. t., to appeal to one, i. e. to call upon him for assistance (in the class. period always with acc.; also in Pandect. Lat. constr. with ad):

procurator a praetore tribunos appellare ausus,

Cic. Quint. 20, 64:

tribuni igitur appellabantur,

id. ib. 20, 63; so,

praetor appellabatur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 65; Liv. 9, 26:

Volero appellat tribunos,

id. 2, 55; Plin. 1, praef. 10: mox et ipse appellato demum collegio ( after he had appealed to the college of the tribunes), obtinuit, etc., Suet. Caes. 23:

adversarii ad imperatorem appellārunt,

Dig. 4, 4, 39 et saep.—

To address in order to demand something, esp. the payment of money, to dun:

Tulliola tuum munusculum flagitat et me ut sponsorem appellat,

Cic. Att. 1, 8 fin.; id. Quint. 12;

with de pecuniā: appellatus es de pecuniā,

id. Phil. 2, 29; and without de: magnā pecuniā appellabaris a creditoribus, Quint. 5, 13, 12; Alphius ap. Col. 1, 7, 2.— Trop.:

cupressus in Cretā gignitur etiam non appellato solo,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 142.—Later also appellare rem, to demand, claim something:

mercedem appellas?

Juv. 7, 158.—

To sue, inform against, complain of, accuse, to summon before a court:

ne alii plectantur, alii ne appellentur quidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89; so,

aliquem stupri causā,

Val. Max. 6, 1, 11 al. —

To accost by any appellation (cf.:

centurionibus nominatim appellatis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25); hence, to call by name, or to call, to term, entitle, to declare or announce as something (cf. prosagoreuô, and in Heb., to call, and also to name; appellare gives a new predicate to the subject, while nominare only designates it by name, without a qualifying word; cf. Hab. Syn. 958; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 4):

vir ego tuus sim? ne me adpella falso nomine,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 181; so id. Mil. 2, 5, 26; Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15:

aliquem patrem,

id. Hec. 4, 4, 30, pater a gnatis ne dulcibus umquam Appelletur, Lucr. 4, 1235; 1, 60; 5, 10:

O Spartace, quem enim te potius appellem?

Cic. Phil. 13, 10:

unum te sapientem appellant et existimant,

id. Am. 2, 6:

hos viros bonos, ut habiti sunt, sic appellandos putemus,

id. ib. 5, 19:

cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Bacchum,

id. N D 2, 23, 60 suo quamque rem nomine appellare, id. Fam. 9, 22 al.:

rex ab suis appellatur,

Caes. B. G 7, 4:

me subditum et ex pellice genitum appellant,

Liv. 40, 9. quem nautae appellant Lichan, Ov. M. 9, 229 victorem appellat Acesten, declares him victor, Verg. A. 5, 540 al.—Hence, to call by name:

quos non appello hoc loco,

Cic. Sest 50, 108: multi appellandi laedendique sunt, id Verr 2, 1, 60; id. Caecin. 19; so,

appellare auctores,

to declare, name, Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 2.— Trop.:

quos saepe nutu significationeque appello,

make known, Cic. Fam. 1, 9 fin. —

Appellare litteras, to pronounce, Cic. Brut. 35, 133 (v. appellatio).

aegrōto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [aegrotus], to be ill, sick.

Lit., of men and brutes:

vehementer diuque,

Cic. Clu. 62:

gravissime aegrotans,

id. Fin. 2, 13:

graviter,

id. Tusc. 1, 35:

leviter,

id. Off. 1, 24:

periculose,

id. Att. 8, 2:

aegrotavit usque ad mortem,

Vulg. Isa. 38, 1:

aegrotare timenti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 4:

morbo,

id. S. 1, 6, 30:

aegrotare coepit,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 6:

quia armentum aegrotet in agris,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—Of plants:

(vites) aegrotant,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 226:

aegrotant poma ipsa per se sine arbore,

id. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—

Fig.

Of the mind:

ea res, ex qua animus aegrotat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 79:

aegrotare animi vitio,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 307.—

Of other abstr. things, to languish, etc. (cf. jaceo):

in te aegrotant artes,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 34; 1, 1, 8: languent officia, atque aegrotat fama vacillans, duties are neglected, reputation sickens and staggers, * Lucr. 4, 1124.

ap-pello ( adp-, Fleck., Halm (in Tac.); app-, Merk., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Halm (in Nep.), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a. and n., to drive, move or bring a person or thing to or toward.

In gen.

Lit., constr. with ad, or in, with the dat., with quo, or absol.

With ad:

ad ignotum arbitrum me adpellis,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104:

armentum ad aquam,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

ad litora juvencos,

Ov. M. 11, 353: visum in somnis pastorem ad me appellere, to drive toward me, i. e. the herd, the flock, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22:

turres ad opera appellebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 26.—

With in:

in flumen,

Dig. 43, 13, 1.—

With dat.:

Hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris,

Verg. A. 3, 715.—

With quo: quo numquam pennis appellunt Corpora saucae Cornices, * Lucr. 6, 752.—

Absol.: dant operam, ut quam primum appellant, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 28: postquam paulo appulit unda (corpus), drove a little toward me, brought near, Ov. M. 11, 717 al.—

Trop.: animum ad aliquid, to turn, direct, apply:

animum ad scribendum adpulit,

Ter. And. prol. 1; so id. ib. 2, 6, 15.—Also to bring into any condition:

argenti viginti minae me ad mortem adpulerunt,

drove me to destruction, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 43; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 11.—

A.. Esp. freq. as a nautical t. t., to bring or conduct a ship somewhere, to land (in Cic. only in this signif.); constr.: appellere navem, nave, or absol. in act. and pass.; also navis appellit, or appellitur (cf. applico, II.).

With navem. [p. 141] abitu appellant huc ad molem nostram naviculam, Afran. ap. Non. p. 238, 24:

cum Persae classem ad Delum appulissent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18:

si ille ad eam ripam naves appulisset,

id. Phil. 2, 11, 26 Wernsd.:

cum ad villam nostram navis appelleretur,

id. Att. 13, 21:

Alexandrum in Italiam classem appulisse constat,

Liv. 8, 3; so id. 28, 42:

naves appulsae ad muros,

id. 30, 10; 44, 44; 45, 5 al.—

With nave:

cum Rhegium onerariā nave appulisset,

Suet. Tit. 5; cf. Gron. ad Liv. 30, 10.—

Act. absol.: huc appelle, * Hor. S. 1, 5, 12:

ad insulam appulerunt,

Liv. 37, 21:

cum ad litus appulisset,

Quint. 7, 3, 31:

cum ad Rhodum appulisset,

Suet. Tib. 11; so id. Ner. 27.—

Pass. absol.:

alios ad Siciliam appulsos esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28:

ripae suorum appulsus est,

Vell. 2, 107.—

Seldom in a neutr. sense:

navis adpellit,

comes to land, arrives at, Tac. A. 4, 27:

Germanici triremis Chaucorum terram adpulit,

id. ib. 2, 24; Suet. Aug. 98:

Alexandrina navis Dertosam appulit,

id. Galb. 10. — Poet.:

appellere aliquem: me vestris deus appulit oris,

Verg. A. 3, 715; so id. ib. 1, 377 (cf. id. ib. 1, 616: quae vis te immanibus applicat oris).—

Trop.:

timide, tamquam ad aliquem libidinis scopulum, sic tuam mentem ad philosophiam appulisti,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37:

nec tuas umquam rationes ad eos scopulos appulisses,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 25.

appello ( adp-, Ritschl), āvi, ātum, 1 ( subj. perf. appellāssis = appellaveris, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15), orig. v. n., as a secondary form of the preced. (cf.: jungere, jugare), to drive to or toward, to go to in order to accost, make a request, admonish, etc.; like adire, aggredi; hence like these constr. as v. a. with acc., to accost, address, to speak to, call upon (very freq. and class.).

In gen. adgrediar hominem, adpellabo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 26:

accedam atque adpellabo,

id. Am. 1, 3, 17:

adeamus, adpellemus,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. Poen. 5, 2, 22, 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 32:

te volo adpellare,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 50:

quo ore appellabo patrem?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22; id. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 22: Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 23 aliquem hilari vultu, Cic. Clu. 26, 72:

hominem verbo graviore,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58:

legatos superbius,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5:

homines asperius,

id. Agr. 2, 24:

ibi a Virdumaro appellatus,

accosted, Caes. B. G. 7, 54:

Adherbalis appellandi copia non fuit,

Sall. J. 22, 5 milites alius alium laeti appellant, id. ib. 53, 8, Tac. Agr. 40: senatu coram appellato, Suet Ner. 41; id. Tib. 29 al.:

nec audet Appellare virum virgo,

Ov. M. 4, 682 al. —Also to address by letter:

crebris nos litteris appellato,

Cic. Fam. 15, 20.—

Esp

1.. Freq. with the access. idea of entreating, soliciting, to approach with a request, entreaty, etc., to apply to, to entreat, implore, beseech, invoke, etc.:

vos etiam atque etiam imploro et appello,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188 quem enim alium appellem? quem obtester? quem implorem? id. Fl. 2:

quem praeter te appellet, habebat neminem,

id. Quint. 31; id. Fam. 12, 28:

quo accedam aut quos appellem?

Sall. J. 14, 17:

appellatus est a C. Flavio, ut, etc.,

Nep. Att. 8, 3:

appellatis de re publicā Patribus,

Suet. Caes. 34.—

Aliquem de aliquā re, to address one in order to incite him to something ( bad):

aliquem de proditione, Liv 26, 38, 4: de stupro,

Quint. 4, 2, 98.—Also without de:

aliquem,

Sen. Contr. 2, 15; Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 15.—

In judic. language, t. t., to appeal to one, i. e. to call upon him for assistance (in the class. period always with acc.; also in Pandect. Lat. constr. with ad):

procurator a praetore tribunos appellare ausus,

Cic. Quint. 20, 64:

tribuni igitur appellabantur,

id. ib. 20, 63; so,

praetor appellabatur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 65; Liv. 9, 26:

Volero appellat tribunos,

id. 2, 55; Plin. 1, praef. 10: mox et ipse appellato demum collegio ( after he had appealed to the college of the tribunes), obtinuit, etc., Suet. Caes. 23:

adversarii ad imperatorem appellārunt,

Dig. 4, 4, 39 et saep.—

To address in order to demand something, esp. the payment of money, to dun:

Tulliola tuum munusculum flagitat et me ut sponsorem appellat,

Cic. Att. 1, 8 fin.; id. Quint. 12;

with de pecuniā: appellatus es de pecuniā,

id. Phil. 2, 29; and without de: magnā pecuniā appellabaris a creditoribus, Quint. 5, 13, 12; Alphius ap. Col. 1, 7, 2.— Trop.:

cupressus in Cretā gignitur etiam non appellato solo,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 142.—Later also appellare rem, to demand, claim something:

mercedem appellas?

Juv. 7, 158.—

To sue, inform against, complain of, accuse, to summon before a court:

ne alii plectantur, alii ne appellentur quidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89; so,

aliquem stupri causā,

Val. Max. 6, 1, 11 al. —

To accost by any appellation (cf.:

centurionibus nominatim appellatis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25); hence, to call by name, or to call, to term, entitle, to declare or announce as something (cf. prosagoreuô, and in Heb., to call, and also to name; appellare gives a new predicate to the subject, while nominare only designates it by name, without a qualifying word; cf. Hab. Syn. 958; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 4):

vir ego tuus sim? ne me adpella falso nomine,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 181; so id. Mil. 2, 5, 26; Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15:

aliquem patrem,

id. Hec. 4, 4, 30, pater a gnatis ne dulcibus umquam Appelletur, Lucr. 4, 1235; 1, 60; 5, 10:

O Spartace, quem enim te potius appellem?

Cic. Phil. 13, 10:

unum te sapientem appellant et existimant,

id. Am. 2, 6:

hos viros bonos, ut habiti sunt, sic appellandos putemus,

id. ib. 5, 19:

cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Bacchum,

id. N D 2, 23, 60 suo quamque rem nomine appellare, id. Fam. 9, 22 al.:

rex ab suis appellatur,

Caes. B. G 7, 4:

me subditum et ex pellice genitum appellant,

Liv. 40, 9. quem nautae appellant Lichan, Ov. M. 9, 229 victorem appellat Acesten, declares him victor, Verg. A. 5, 540 al.—Hence, to call by name:

quos non appello hoc loco,

Cic. Sest 50, 108: multi appellandi laedendique sunt, id Verr 2, 1, 60; id. Caecin. 19; so,

appellare auctores,

to declare, name, Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 2.— Trop.:

quos saepe nutu significationeque appello,

make known, Cic. Fam. 1, 9 fin. —

Appellare litteras, to pronounce, Cic. Brut. 35, 133 (v. appellatio).

ăro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cf. aroô = to plough, to till; arotron = aratrum; arotos, aroura = arvum, = Welsh ar; arotêr = arator; armentum; Goth. arjan = to plough; O. H. Germ. aran = to ear], to plough, to till.

A.. Lit.

Absol.:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

in fundo Fodere aut arare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:

si quidem L. Quinctio Cincinnato aranti nuntiatum est etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bene et tempestive arare,

Cato, R. R. 61, 1; Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 174:

bos est enectus arando,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 87:

die septimo cessabis arare et metere,

Vulg. Exod. 34, 21; ib. Luc. 17, 7; ib. 1 Cor. 9, 10.—

With acc.:

arare terram,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 16; Ov. F. 1, 703; cf. Col. 2, 4; Pall. 2, 3, 2:

ager non semel aratus, sed novatus et iteratus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

cum terra araretur et sulcus altius esset impressus,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50:

vallem arari,

Vulg. Deut. 21, 4:

campum arare,

Ov. Tr. 3, 328:

olivetum,

Col. 5, 9:

Capuam,

Verg. G. 2, 244:

Campaniam,

Prop. 4, 4, 5 et saep.—

Trop

Of a ship, to plough: aequor. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 76; so id. Am. 2, 10, 33 Heins.; Verg. A. 2, 780; 3, 495:

aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36 (cf.:

sulcare aquas,

id. M. 4, 707).—

Of age, to draw furrows over the body, i. e. to wrinkle:

jam venient rugae, quae tibi corpus arent,

Ov. A. A. 2, 118.—

In mal. part.:

fundum alienum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 24; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 48 al.—

Prov.: arare litus, for to bestow useless labor:

non profecturis litora bobus aras,

Ov. H. 5, 116; so id. Tr. 5, 4, 48; cf. Juv. 7, 49.—

In a more extended sense.

To cultivate land, and absol. to pursue agriculture, to live by husbandry (cf. agricola and arator):

quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, virtuti omnia parent, i. e. in agriculturā, navigatione, etc., omnia ex virtute animi pendent,

Sall. C. 2, 7 Corte' arat Falerni mille fundi jugera, Hor. Epod. 4, 13:

cives Romani, qui arant in Siciliā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5.—

To gain by agriculture, to acquire by tillage:

decem medimna ex jugero arare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47 (where, Zumpt, from conjecture, has received exarare into the text; so B. and K.).

caementum, i, n. (access. form cae-menta, ae, f., like armenta, ae, to armentum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 196, 30, or Trag. v. 422 Vahl.; v 373 Rib.) [contr. from caedimentum, from caedo; hence Engl. cement].

A rough, unhewn stone, as it comes from the quarry, a quarry-stone, used for walls.

Plur. (so most freq.), Vitr. 1, 2, 8; 7, 6, 1; Cato, R. R. 38, 3; Varr. ap. Non. p. 96, 5 al.:

in eam insulam materiem, calcem, caementa, arma convexit,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74; so id. Div. 2, 47, 99; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 7; Liv. 36, 22, 11; 21, 11, 8; Hor. C. 3, 1, 35; Tac. G. 16.—

Sing., Vitr. 1, 5, 8; 8, 6, 14; Tac. Or. 20; Plin. 35, 14, 48, § 169; Mart. 9, 76, 1.—

Caementa marmorea, pieces that fly off from marble in working, chips of marble:

caementa marmorea, sive assulae,

Vitr. 7, 6, 1.