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1 λευκός
λευκός, ή, όν (s. λευκαίνω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 5:13; Test12Patr; JosAs; ParJer 9:18; Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 3, 617; 622; loanw. in rabb. Fig. [w. οἱ συνιέντες]: οἱ λευκοί Iren.1, 19, 2 [Harv. I 177, 1])① bright, shining, gleaming (Hom. et al.) λ. ὡς τὸ φῶς (Il. 14, 185 λ. ἠέλιος ὡς) brilliant as light Mt 17:2. λ. ἐξαστράπτων Lk 9:29. This mng. is also poss. for some of the foll. pass.② white (including, for the Greeks, many shades of that color, and always opp. of μέλας; cp. our ‘white’ wine) of hair (Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.] 7, 23 of an elderly man’s hair; Soph., Ant. 1092; Lev 13:3ff) Mt 5:36 (opp. μέλας as Menand., Samian 262 [Bodmer p. 61 app.=OxfT p. 259] of Androcles, who dyes his white hair); Rv 1:14a. Of a goatskin Hv 5:1; Hs 6, 2, 5. Of a pebble, used for voting etc. (Lucian, Harmonides 3 p. 855f ψῆφον … τὴν λευκὴν καὶ σώζουσαν) Rv 2:17. Of wool (PRyl 146, 15 [39 A.D.]; Da 7:9 ὡσεὶ ἔριον λ.; En 106:2; ParJer 9:18) 1:14b. Of apocal. horses (cp. JosAs 5:5; Zech 1:8. S. πυρρός) 6:2; 19:11, 14a. Of an apocal. monster w. the colors black, red, gold and white Hv 4, 1, 10; cp. 4, 3, 5. Of a cloud Rv 14:14. Of stones (Michel 509, 17 [241 B.C.]; OGI 219, 36; 268, 17; 339, 34; 105; et al. in ins) Hv 3, 2, 8; 3, 5, 1; 3, 6, 5; Hs 9, 4, 5; 9, 6, 4; 9, 8, 5; 9, 9, 1. Of a chair v 1, 2, 2. Of fields of ripe grain λ. πρὸς θερισμόν white for the harvest J 4:35. Of a mountain Hs 9, 1, 10; 9, 29, 1; 9, 30, 1f; 4. Of a rock 9, 2, 1. Of a throne Rv 20:11. Of garments (Plut., Aristid. 21, 4 festive garment; IPriene 205 εἰσίναι εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἁγνὸν ἐν ἐσθῆτι λευκῇ; POxy 471, 95ff; 531, 13; PGM 4, 636; Eccl 9:8; 2 Macc 11:8; Jos., Bell. 2, 1, Ant. 11, 327; TestLevi 8:2; JosAs 5:6 χιτῶνα λευκόν) Mk 9:3; 16:5 (Lucian, Philops. 25 of a heavenly messenger: νεανίας πάγκαλος λευκὸν ἱμάτιον περιβεβλημένος); Ac 1:10; Rv 3:5, 18; 4:4; 6:11; 7:9, 13. A garment is λ. ὡς χιών (Da 7:9 Theod.) Mt 28:3 (opp. of garments appropriate for mourning: Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 77); Mk 9:3 v.l.; Hs 8, 2, 3f. ἐν λευκοῖς (sc. ἱματίοις) in white (Artem. 2, 3 p. 86, 17; 4, 2 p. 205, 9) J 20:12; Rv 3:4; Hv 4, 2, 1; Hs 8, 2, 4; βύσσινον λ. a white linen garment Rv 19:14b (v.l. λευκοβύσσινον). Of a priest’s clothing made of white linen (s. Schürer II 293) Ox 840, 27. Of shoes Hv 4, 2, 1.—GRadke, D. Bedeutg. d. weissen u. schwarzen Farbe in Kult u. Brauch d. Griech. u. Römer, diss. Berlin ’36; RGradwohl, D. Farben im AT, ’63, 34–50.—On special clothing in some mystery celebrations s. SCole, Theoi Megaloi ’84, 114 n. 125.—B. 1052; 1054. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
2 deseco
dē-seco, secuī, sectum, āre, abschneiden, abhauen, herbas, Caes.: aures, Caes.: nares vel auriculas, Lact.: alqd serrā od. serrulā, absägen, Col.: partes ex toto, Cic.: saxa metallis, aushauen, Stat. – / vulg. Perf.-Formen, desecavit, Cassiod. compl. in apocal. 21: desecarunt, Rufin. homil. Orig. in levit. 1, 1.
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3 βδελύσσομαι
βδελύσσομαι, att. βδελύττομαι, dep. pass., Ekel empfinden, verabscheuen, bes. von übelriechenden Dingen, βδελυχϑείς Ar. Vesp. 792; τινά Lys. 794 u. öfter; καὶ πέφρικα Nubb. 1117 u. Sp., wie Pol. 33, 16; βδελυχϑείη Plut. amat. 8 E. – Das act. βδελύσσω nur K. S.; βδελύξαι 1. Maccab. 1, 48; ἐβδέλυγμαι pass. N. T. Apocal. 21, 8.
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4 ἀφ-αιρέω
ἀφ-αιρέω (s. αἱρέω; Hom. ἀποαιρεῖσϑαι Il. 1, 230; fut. ἀφελῶ N. T. Apocal. 22, 19), wegnehmen, entziehen, von Hom. an, Od. 14, 455, bei allen Schriftstellern; Ggstz προςϑεῖναι Plat. Crat. 431 c; Phaed. 95 e u. sonst; τὰς τραπέζας Philyll. Ath. IX, 408 e; ἀφελεῖν, Ggstz παραϑεῖναι Sosip. com. ib. 378 c; Ggstz προςτιϑέναι Anaxandr. Stob. 117, 1; mit dem bloßen acc., od. τινά τι, Aesch. Eum. 340; Her. 1, 80; τινός τι, Soph. Phil. 921; Ar. Pax 553 u. sonst, obwohl das med. namentlich in der Bdtg »berauben« häufiger ist; τὶ ἔκ τινος Aesch. Eum. 422; αὐτοῖς τὸν δεσμόν, befreite sie von der Hast, Dem. 24, 122; αὐτοῖς τὸ συστρατεύειν, er erließ ihnen den Heereszug, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 44; – absondern, trennen, τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἀπὸ πάντων Plat. Polit. 262 d. – Viel häufiger ist von Hom. an das med. (aor. ἀφειλόμην; ἀφείλατο D. C. 41, 63; ἀφῃρημένος medial Lys. 25, 28), Einem etwas entreißen, für sich, um es selbst zu haben, ihn einer Sache berauben, τινός τι, Od. 22, 219 ἐπὴν ὑμέων γε βίας ἀφελώμεϑα χαλκῷ, Iliad. 9, 335 τοῖσι μὲν ἔμπεδα κεῖται (τὰ γέρα), ἐμεῦ δ' ἀπὸ μούνου Ἀχαιῶν εἵλετο; τινὸς τέκνα, die Kinder von Einem trennen, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 29; vgl. Mem. 1, 5. 3 Hell. 3, 1, 18 u. 7; ταῦτ' ἀφαιρήσεταί τις ὑμῶν; wird er euch dies streitig machen? Dem. 19, 331; vgl. 7, 5; Pol. 3, 75. – Am gewöhnlichsten τινά τι, Il. 1, 182; Soph. Phil. 376; Her. 1, 14 u. öfter; τοὺς ἰατροὺς τὴν δόξαν Plat. Gorg. 457 b u. sonst; im perf., Legg. XII, 958 c; ἀφῄρησαι αὐτὴν, ἀφ' ὧν ἔζη Dem. 45, 70; pass. ἀφαιρεῖσϑαί τι, bes. im aor. ἀφῃρέϑη, ὑφ' ὑμῶν τὸν στέφανον Ar. Nubb. 615, u. sonst; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 12; Dem. 17, 22. – Seltener τινί τι, Od. 1, 9 Il. 1, 161; πρὸς Ἑλλάδος ψόγον, Tadel von Griechenland abwenden, Eur. Tr. 1034; Jemanden von etwas befreien, τινά τινος Luc. Hermot. 63; τί μ' ἄνδρα πολέμιον ἀφείλου μὴ κτανεῖν; was hast du mich gehindert, ihn zu tödten? wo das μή zu merken Soph. Phil. 1275; Sp.; vgl. Andocid. 4. 27; – ἐπιβουλήν, ἐπινοίας τινός, sie hindern, vereiteln, Pol. 10, 12. 30, 5; vgl. Thuc. 4, 134; pass., gehindert werden, Eur. Hipp. 1207. – Bes. bemerke man ἀφαιρεῖσϑαί τινα εἰς ἐλευϑερίαν, Jemand in Freiheit setzen, ihn aus der Knechtschaft herausreißen, Plat. Legg. XI, 914 e; öfter bei Rednern, Aesch. 1, 62 Dem. 58, 19; πρὸς τὴν ἐλ., Luc. Merc. cond. 4; vgl. Plut. Sol. 12. – Her 5, 35 fut. med. passivisch.
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5 deseco
dē-seco, secuī, sectum, āre, abschneiden, abhauen, herbas, Caes.: aures, Caes.: nares vel auriculas, Lact.: alqd serrā od. serrulā, absägen, Col.: partes ex toto, Cic.: saxa metallis, aushauen, Stat. – ⇒ vulg. Perf.- Formen, desecavit, Cassiod. compl. in apocal. 21: desecarunt, Rufin. homil. Orig. in levit. 1, 1. -
6 FLJÚGA
* * *(flýg; flaug, flugum; floginn), v.1) to fly (fór svá hart sem fugl flygi);2) fig. of weapons, sparks, rumours, etc. (spjótit flaug yfir hann; gneistarnir flugu);* * *pres. flýg, pl. fljúgum; pret. flaug, 2nd pers. flaugt, mod. flaugst, pl. flugum; another old pret. fló, Haustl. 2, 8, Þkv. 5, 9, Gh. 17, Ýt. 14, and prose passim; the form flaug is very rare, in old poets; fló is now quite obsolete, flaug, pl. flugu, being the current form: part. floginn; sup. flogit; pret. subj. 1st pers. flygja, 3rd pers. flygi; with the neg. suf. flýgrat, Hm. 151: [not on record in Goth., as the Apocal. is lost in Ulf.; A. S. fleôgan; Engl. fly; O. H. G. fliôgan; Germ. fliegen; Dutch vliegen; Swed. flyge; Dan. flyve: cp. flug]:—to fly, Lat. volare, of birds; in the allit. phrase, fuglinn fljúgandi; valr flýgr, Grág. ii. 170; fló sá hrafn aptr um stafn, Landn. 29; fló hann þangat til, Niðrst. 4; at fljúga eigi upp fyrr, Edda 60; Johannes flaug upp til himins, Hom. 47.2. metaph., fljúga á e-n (á-flog, q. v.), to fly at one another, in a fight, Nj. 32: recipr., fljúgask á, to join in a fight, N. G. L. i. 46, Nj. 56.β. of weapons, sparks, rumour, and the like; spjótið fló yfir hann fram, Nj. 58: kesjan flaug í völlinn, Eg. 379; gneistarnir ( the sparks) flugu, Fms. viii. 8; at vápn skyli falla at manni eðr f. at honum, Grág. Kb. 108; fljúgandi fleinn, Hm. 85, 151; fleinn floginn, Höfuðl. 12: um konu þá fló út ferlegt úorðan, Hom. 115; sá kvittr fló í bygðinni, Fms. ix. 237: flaug þat sem sinu-eldr, i. 21.γ. of shooting pains (vide flog); þaðan af fló á hann mein þat, Bs. i. 446.II. in old poetry and on Runic stones, used = flýja (q. v.), to flee, Lat. fugere; sá er eigi fló at Uppsölum, who fled not at Upsala, Baut. 1169; en þínir fjándr flugu, Hkm. 12; fló ór landi, fled from the land, Ýt. 14. -
7 αἱματώδης
αἱματώδης, ες (αἷμα ±ώδης; Thu. et al.) blood-red (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 228; Cat. Cod. Astr. VIII/2 p. 174, 3 ῏Αρες αἱ.), i.e. dark red Hv 4, 1, 10 (as apocal. color w. black, yellow, and white; s. αἷμα 3); w. πυροειδής (q.v.) red as fire, i.e. light red 4, 3, 3. -
8 βιβλίον
βιβλίον, ου, τό (Hdt., Aristoph.+; s. Preisigke, Fachwörter) der. from βύβλος, Egyptian papyrus, from whose strips writing material was manufactured.① brief written message, document (Demosth., Ep. 1, 3; Appian, Iber. 41 §167 β. ἐσφραγισμένα; Polyaenus 7, 19 [of an ἐπιστολή]; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 101; later pap: APF 5, 263; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 42, 8 [314 A.D.]; s. Preis.) β. ἀποστασίου certificate of divorce (Dt 24:1, 3) which, acc. to law, an Israelite had to give his wife when he dismissed her Mt 19:7; Mk 10:4.—S. ἀπολύω 5.② long written composition (either of a total work or of parts of a work), scroll, book, Rv 6:14 (Is 34:4); 20:12; of the scroll of the Law (Synes., Ep. 4 p. 162b and prob. as early as Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 1, 3 [Hecataeus of Abdera—III B.C.?] of a stone figure of Moses μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχον βιβλίον) Gal 3:10 (Vi. Aesopi G 81 P. τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ τῆς πόλεως νόμου); Hb 9:19 (Ex 24:7); of the scroll of a prophet Lk 4:17, 20; B 12:9 (Ex 17:14), cp. Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:8); of John’s gospel J 20:30 (Plut., Mor. 189d ταῦτα ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις γέγραπται); cp. 21:25. W. μεμβράναι 2 Ti 4:13. Esp. of apocal. books Rv 1:11; 5:1ff (ERussell, BiblSacra 115, ’58, 258–64 [mancipatio]—s. σφραγίς; Diod S 14, 55, 1 βιβλίον ἐπεσφραγισμένον … ἀνοίγειν καὶ ποιεῖν τὰ γεγραμμένα); 10:8; 22:7, 9f, 18f; Hv 1, 2, 2; 2, 4, 2. Of holy writings gener. τὰ β. (w. ἀπόστολοι) 2 Cl 14:2 (s. AvHarnack, Zentralbl. f. Bibliothekswesen 45, 1928, 337–42). Cp. Papias (2:4, in contrast to τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς). β. τῆς ζωῆς book of life Rv 13:8; 17:8; 20:12; 21:27 (s. βίβλος 2). Of the works of Papias (1:4, 8, 9).—CMcCown, Codex and Roll in the NT: HTR 34, ’41, 219–50.—DELG s.v. βύβλος. M-M. TW. Sv. -
9 κέρας
κέρας, ατος, τό (Hom.+) gener. ‘horn’.① bony projection from the head of an animal, horn lit., in the description of the apocal. beasts (Achmes 189, 16ff, interpretation of three, four, and more horns of an ox seen in a dream, as referring to the corresponding number of the χρόνοι of a ruler) Rv 5:6; 12:3; 13:1, 11; 17:3, 7, 12, 16; B 4:5 (Da 7:7f). Of a calf κέρατα ἐκφέρειν grow horns 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:32).② horn-shaped projections, corners or simply ends, extensions transf. sense of 1 (Apollon. Rhod. 4, 282 κ. Ὠκεανοῖο of a river at the end of the Ocean) of the altar (cp. Ex 27:2; 29:12; Lev 4:7 al.; Philo) Rv 9:13.③ exceptional kind of might or power, horn (of power) fig. extension of mng. 1 (cp. Ps 88:18; 131:17; 148:14; 1 Km 2:1, 10; Sir 47:7, 11; 1 Macc 2:48. But also Cephalion [c. 120 A.D.]: 93 Fgm. 7 p. 445, 29 Jac. as a poetic expr. κέρας …, ὅπερ ἐστὶ … δύναμις), hence κ. σωτηρίας horn of salvation (of God Ps 17:3; 2 Km 22:3) of the Messiah ἤγειρεν κ. σωτ. ἡμῖν Lk 1:69 (Goodsp., Probs. 70f a mighty Savior).—IScheftelowitz, D. Hörnermotiv in den Religionen: ARW 15, 1912, 451–87.—B. 209. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
10 κεφαλή
κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. ‘head’.① the part of the body that contains the brain, headⓐ of humans, animals, and transcendent beings. Humans: Mt 5:36 (on swearing by the head s. Athen. 2, 72, 66c; Test12Patr; PGM 4, 1917; cp. Juvenal, Satires 6, 16f); 6:17; 14:8, 11; 26:7; 27:29f; Mk 6:24f, 27f; 14:3; 15:19; Lk 7:46; J 13:9; 19:2; 20:7; 1 Cor 11:4b (JMurphy-O’Connor, CBQ 42, ’80, 485 [lit.] ‘his head’=‘himself’), 5ab, 7, 10; 12:21; Rv 18:19 (cp. Josh 7:6; La 2:10); 1 Cl 37:5; 56:5 (Ps 140:5); B 13:5 (Gen 48:14); Hm 11:20; Papias (3:2 [not g and h]); GJs 2:4; 9:1; AcPl Ha 11, 1.—Animals: B 7:8 (of the scapegoat Lev 16; cp. vs. 21).—In apocal. presentations in connection w. human figures: Rv 1:14; 4:4; 9:7 12:1; 14:14; 19:12; w. animals: 9:7, 17, 19; 12:3 (s. δράκων); 13:1, 3; 17:3, 7, 9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 50 K.=26 p. 517 D.: ὤφθη τὸ ἕδος [of Asclepius] τρεῖς κεφαλὰς ἔχον. A person sees himself in a dream provided with a plurality of heads Artem. 1, 35 p. 37, 14: δύο ἔχειν κεφαλὰς ἢ τρεῖς. Also the many-headed dog Cerberus of the underworld in Hesiod, Theog. 311 al. as well as Heraclit. Sto. 33 p. 49, 14); Hv 4, 1, 6; 10; of angels Rv 10:1.—The hair(s) of the head (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 223) Mt 10:30; Lk 7:38, 44 v.l.; 12:7; 21:18; Ac 27:34. τὴν κ. κλίνειν lay down the head to sleep Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58. Sim. J 19:30 (s. Hdb. ad loc.). κινεῖν τὴν κ. (s. κινέω 2a) Mt 27:39; Mk 15:29; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:8); ἐπαίρειν τὴν κ. (s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 21:28; shear the head, i.e. cut the hair as a form of a vow Ac 21:24; cp. 18:18. Of baptism ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ D 7:3. Of the anointing of Jesus’ head IEph 17:1. κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have (someth.) on the head (s. κατά A 1a) 1 Cor 11:4a; also w. specification of object ἐπὶ w. gen. Rv 14:14; Hv 4, 1, 10; or εἰς 4, 3, 1. ἐπάνω τῆς κ. above his head Mt 27:37. Also πρὸς τῇ κ. J 20:12. (ἀστὴρ) ἔστη ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3 (cp. Mt 2:9).—Well-known expr. fr. the OT: ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύειν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τινος Ro 12:20 (s. ἄνθραξ). A curse-formula: τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν your blood be on your own heads (s. αἷμα 2a and cp. Demosth., Ep. 4, 10 τ. ἄδικον βλασφημίαν εἰς κεφαλὴν τῷ λέγοντι τρέπουσι; 6, 1; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1d; Aesop, Fab. 206 P.=372 H./313 Ch./222 H-H. ὸ̔ θέλεις σὺ τούτοις ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ κεφαλῇ γένοιτο; Phalaris, Ep. 102 εἰς κεφαλὴν σοί τε καὶ τῷ σῷ γένει)=you are responsible for your own destruction Ac 18:6; cp. GPt 5:17.ⓑ in imagery οὐκ ἔκλινας τὴν κ. σου ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν you have not bowed your head under the mighty hand (of God) GJs 15:4. Of pers. (Plut., Galba 1054 [4, 3] G. as κ. ἰσχυρῷ σώματι, namely of the Galatian territories) Christ the κ. of the ἐκκλησία thought of as a σῶμα Col 1:18; cp. 2:19 (Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 25 ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑπερέχει τοῦ παντὸς σώματος; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 215 ἡ κεφαλὴ συνέχει πᾶν τὸ σῶμα); Christ and Christians as head and members ITr 11:2. (SBedale, JTS 5, ’54, 211–15; New Docs 3, 45f [lit.]; not ‘source’: JFitzmyer, NTS 35, ’89, 503–11.) S. mng. 2a.② a being of high status, head, fig. (of Asclepius IG II2, 4514, 6; in gnostic speculation: Iren. 1, 5, 3 [Harv. I 45, 13]. ὁ μέγας ἄρχων, ἡ κ. τοῦ κόσμου Hippol., Ref. 7, 23, 3).ⓐ in the case of living beings, to denote superior rank (cp. Artem. 4, 24 p. 218, 8 ἡ κ. is the symbol of the father; Judg 11:11; 2 Km 22:44) head (Zosimus of Ashkelon [500 A.D.] hails Demosth. as his master: ὦ θεία κεφαλή [Biogr. p. 297]) of the father as head of the family Hs 7, 3; of the husband in relation to his wife 1 Cor 11:3b; Eph 5:23a. Of Christ in relation to the Christian community Eph 4:15; 5:23b. But Christ is the head not only of the body of Christians, but of the universe as a whole: κ. ὑπὲρ πάντα Eph 1:22, and of every cosmic power κ. πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας the head of all might and power Col 2:10. The divine influence on the world results in the series (for the growing distance from God with corresponding results cp. Ps.-Aristot. De Mundo 6, 4): God the κ. of Christ, Christ the κ. of man, the man the κ. of the woman 1 Cor 11:3cab (s. on γυνή 1). JFitzmyer, Int 47, ’93, 52–59.ⓑ of things the uppermost part, extremity, end, point (Pappus of Alex., mathematician [IV A.D.] in the 8th book [ed. CGerhardt 1871 p. 379 τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ κοχλίου=at the point of the screw; Judg 9:25; En 17:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 48, Ant. 3, 146; oft. pap of plots of ground) κ. γωνίας the cornerstone (so M‘Neile, Mt ad loc.; REB ( main) corner-stone, and w. proper omission of the alternative rendering at 1 Pt 2:7 in NEB mg.; the cornerstone thus forms the farthest extension [cp. PFlor 50, 83] of the corner, though JJeremias, Αγγελος I 1925, 65–70, ZNW 29, 1930, 264–80, TW IV 277–79 thinks of it as the capstone above the door; so also OMichel, TW IV 892, V 129 [difft. 151]; KSchelkle, RAC I 233f; RMcKelvey, NTS 8, ’62, 352–59 [lit. 353 n. 1–3]. S. HGressmann, PJ 6, 1910, 38–45; GWhitaker, Exp. 8th ser., 22, 1921, 470ff. For another view s. lit. s.v. ἀκρογωνιαῖος) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17 (on these three pass. s. JDerrett, TU 102, ’68, 180–86); Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (Selwyn ad loc.: “extremity and not height is the point connoted”); B 6:4 (all Ps 117:22).—κ.= capital (city) (Appian, Illyr. 19 §54) Ac 16:12 D (but ‘frontier city’ AClark, Acts of the Apostles ’33, 362–65 and JLarsen, CTM 17, ’46, 123–25).—B. 212. Schmidt, Syn. I 361–69. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
11 λευκαίνω
λευκαίνω fut. λευκανῶ Is 1:18; 1 aor. ἐλεύκανα (B-D-F §72; Mlt-H. 214f), inf. λευκᾶναι. Pass.: fut. λευκανθήσομαι Ps 50:9; pf. ptc. fem. acc. λελευκασμένην TestSol (s. λευκός; Hom. et al.; Apollod. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 107c Jac.; Sb 6754, 18; LXX; TestSol C prol. 1; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 43) make white of clothes whitened by a fuller (Aesop, Fab. 29 P.=59 H.) Mk 9:3. In imagery, make blood-red sins white 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:18); cp. 18:7 (Ps 50:9). In apocal. figure, of martyrs: ἐλεύκαναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου they have made their robes white in the blood of the Lamb Rv 7:14.—DELG s.v. 1 λευκός. TW. -
12 μεθύω
μεθύω (μέθυ ‘wine’; Hom. et al.; PHal 1, 193f; PGM 7, 180 πολλὰ πίνειν καὶ μὴ μεθύειν, al. in pap; LXX, Test12Patr; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 196, Vi. 225; 388; Just., D. 14, 6) to drink to a point of intoxication, be drunk Ac 2:15; Ox 1 verso, 15 (ASyn. 240, 40; cp. GTh 28; Unknown Sayings 69–74). Opp. πεινᾶν 1 Cor 11:21. οἱ μεθυσκόμενοι νυκτὸς μεθύουσιν those who get drunk are drunk at night 1 Th 5:7. οἱ μεθύοντες those who are drunken (Diod S 4, 5, 3; Cornutus 30 p. 61, 6; Job 12:25) Mt 24:49.—In imagery (X., Symp. 8, 21; Pla., Lysias 222c; Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 1, 2 πλούτῳ μ.; Achilles Tat. 1, 6, 1 ἔρωτι; OdeSol 11:6 ὕδωρ τὸ ἀθάνατον; Philo) of the apocal. woman who has sated her thirst for blood (sim. in hue to wine) εἶδον τὴν γυναῖκα μεθύουσαν ἐκ τ. αἵματος τ. ἁγίων Rv 17:6.—DELG s.v. μέθυ. M-M. TW. -
13 μέλας
μέλας, μέλαινα, μέλαν gen. ανος, αίνης, ανος (s. prec. entry; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, JosAs 10:1; 14:15; Sib. Or. 4, 75; Philo, Joseph.; Tat. 33, 3) by-form μελανός (acc. sg.-όν JosAs 10:9; 13:2; 14:12 [each μέλαν cod. B]; pl.-ούς TestSol 9:9 C) comp. μελανώτερος (Strabo 16, 4, 12) 1 Cl 8:3.① blackⓐ hair (Lev 13:37) Mt 5:36 (opp. λευκός as Artem. 1, 32 p. 34, 5; 9f). Of clothing used in mourning (Polyaenus 6, 7, 1 ἐν μελαίνῃ ἐσθῆτι; Jos., Vi. 138) μ. ὡς σάκκος τρίχινος Rv 6:12; cp. 1 Cl 8:3.ⓑ apocal. color: w. others Rv 6:5 (cp. Zech 6:2, 6 and s. πυρρός); Hv 4, 1, 10; 4, 3, 2; named alone, and as the color of evil, forming a contrast to the world of light (evil, malignant in the moral realm Solon, Pind. et al.; Diphilus Com. [IV/III B.C.] 91e of a woman; Plut., Mor. 12d μ. ἄνθρωποι; M. Ant. 4, 28 μ. ἦθος; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 5, 36 p. 196, 19 of misused gold) Hs 9, 1, 5; 9, 6, 4; 9, 8, 1f; 4f; 9, 9, 5; 9, 13, 8; 9, 15, 1; 3; 9, 19, 1. Hence ὁ μ. the Black One of the devil B 4:9; 20:1 (Lucian, Philops. 31 ὁ δαίμων μελάντερος τοῦ ζόφου).—FDölger, D. Sonne der Gerechtigkeit u. der Schwarze 1918; LZiehen, ARW 24, 1926, 48ff; RGradwohl, Die Farben im AT Beih. ZAW 83, ’63, 50–53. S. also AcThom 55 [Aa II/2, 171, 15]; 64 [180, 16].② neut. τὸ μέλαν, ανος ink (Pla., Phdr. 276c; Demosth. 18, 258; Plut., Mor. 841e, Solon 17, 3; Synes., Ep. 157 p. 294b κάλαμον κ. χάρτην κ. μέλαν; PGrenf II, 38, 8 [81 B.C.]; POxy 326; PLeid X, 10, 1ff; ParJer 6:19 χάρτην καὶ μέλανα; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 3f [Stone p. 30] χάρτην καὶ μέλανα καὶ κάλαμον; loanw. in rabb.) ἐπιστολὴ ἐγγεγραμμένη μέλανι 2 Cor 3:3. διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου γράφειν write with pen and ink 3J 13. διὰ χάρτου καὶ μέλανος 2J 12.—Pauly-W. Suppl. VII 1574ff; Kl. Pauly V 856; BHHW III 1991. B. 1052; 1055; 1291. DELG. M-M. TW.
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