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1 AFTER
apa (also attested in compounds like Apanónar, see below), \#ep- (used in compounds when the second part of the compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë "after-name" – see NICKNAME.) This ep- is a shorter form of epë, which means “before” of spatial relationships but “after” of time (since the Eldar imagined time coming after their present as being before them, VT49:12); apa and epë may be seen as variants of the same word. Other variant forms of apa "after" include opo and pó/po (VT44:36, VT49:12). According to VT44:26, the preposition apa may also appear as pa, pá (cf. yéni pa yéni "years after years" in VT44:35), but pa/pá is in other manuscripts defined as "touching, as regards, concerning". THE AFTER-BORN Apanónar (sg \#Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men, according to WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech") –Silm:122/WJ:387, UT:266 -
2 ABOVE
According to VT44:26, Tolkien in one text glosses apa as "above but touching", but apa is normally taken as the preposition "after" instead. For "above", the preposition or "over" may be used. -
3 AGAINST
According to VT44:26, Tolkien in some documents glosses apa or pá as "touching, against", but apa is normally the preposition "after" instead (see AFTER). The allative case in -nna is normally sufficient to express motion towards or against something. Possibly this ending can also take on the meaning of “against” with connotations of enmity and confrontation, as when the pl. allative valannar is used in the phrase *“made war on/against the Valar” (LR:47). -
4 BUT
A sting of different words for the conjunction "but" are attested. In the Etymologies, the word for "but" is ná or nán. In Fíriel's Song, the short variant nan appears. One text (VT49:15) uses apa for “but”, but elsewhere, this is a preposition “after”. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya version of the Lord's Prayer, he was experimenting with many words for "but": anat, onë, ono (VT43:23; ono occurs also in another text in VT44:5/9, and shorter nó is attested in VT41:13), but in the final version of the Lord's Prayer, he used mal. We cannot know how many of these alternatives Tolkien would have considered conceptually valid and which were just experimental. For the purpose of writing in Quenya, the variant ná is probably best avoided since it can be confused with the copula "is"; likewise, nán (and nan?) may also mean *"I am" (ná, na- + the pronominal ending -n "I"). The Lord's Prayer variants are less ambiguous, and mal (the word used in the final version) is perhaps the best alternative so far published. BUT meaning "only" (as in "I am but a boy") may be rendered by er (only, one, alone, still). BUT YET a-nanta, ananta (and yet) –NDAN, LT1:269, FS, VT41:13, VT43:23
См. также в других словарях:
apă — ÁPĂ, ape, s.f. I. 1. Lichid incolor, fără gust şi fără miros, compus hidrogenat al oxigenului, care formează unul din învelişurile Pământului. ♢ Apă neagră = glaucom. ♢ expr. Apă de ploaie = vorbe fără conţinut, vorbe goale; (concr.) lucru fără… … Dicționar Român
Apa — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. {{{image}}} Sigles d une seule lettre Sigles de deux lettres > Sigles de trois lettres … Wikipédia en Français
apa — apa; apa·bhram·sa; apa·da·na; apa·lai; apa·raph·y·sate; apa·re·jo; apa·yao; … English syllables
APA — may stand for: * American Psychiatric Association * American Psychological Association; also ** APA style, a writing format developed by the above * American Psychoanalytic Association * American Psychopathological AssociationAPA may also stand… … Wikipedia
Apa — (del quechua «apa», carga). Al apa (Chi.). A *cuestas. * * * apa1. (Del quechua apa, carga). al apa. loc. adv. Chile. A la espalda, a cuestas … Enciclopedia Universal
APA — Austria Presse Agentur. * * * I APA, Abkürzung für Austria Presse Agentur, österreichische Nachrichtenagentur, gegründet 1946 als genossenschatliches … Universal-Lexikon
APA — abbr. =>> Administrative Procedure Act. Webster s New World Law Dictionary. Susan Ellis Wild. 2000. APA … Law dictionary
apa-? — *apa ? germ., Substantiv: nhd. Wasser, Fluss; ne. water (Neutrum), river (Neutrum); Rekontruktionsbasis: as., ahd.; Etymologie: Lehnwort kelt. apa?; … Germanisches Wörterbuch
APA — (pronunciamos apa ) sustantivo femenino 1. Sigla de Asociación de Padres de Alumnos , España … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española
APA — 1. abreviatura de la American Psychiatric Association. 2. abreviatura de la American Psychological Association. Diccionario Mosby Medicina, Enfermería y Ciencias de la Salud, Ediciones Hancourt, S.A. 1999 … Diccionario médico
¡apa! — interj. Exclamación con que se *anima uno mismo o anima a otro a levantarse o a *levantar algo. ≃ ¡Aúpa! … Enciclopedia Universal
