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aorist+tense

  • 21 tul-

    vb. "come" WJ:368, 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" TUL, 3rd pers. sg. tulis “she comes” VT49:19, perfect utúlië "has come" utúlien "I am come", EO, utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come". Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" VT44:32/34, literally apparently *"thy kingdom, be-it-that it will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" LT1:114, 270, VT49:57 and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"LT1:114, 270. Read probably *utúlieltë, *Eldar utúlier in LotR-style Quenya.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > tul-

  • 22 quet-

    vb. "say, speak" SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348, sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 spelt “qete” in the latter source, not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë “I can speak” VT41:6; pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 by Tolkien translated as “words”, but more literally evidently *”speaking”. Imperative in the command queta Quenya! “speak Quenya!” PE17:138, see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" VT41:15. Cf. also \#maquet-

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > quet-

  • 23 SAY

    quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk), equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used only before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the senses say / says or said. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she'." (WJ:392, 415) Attested forms include the aorist quetë and its pl. form quetir (VT41:11, 49:11). Cf. also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) –Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > SAY

  • 24 or-

    vb. "urge, impel, move", only of "mental" impulse. Constructed as an impersonal verb: orë nin caritas "I would like/feel moved to do so" VT41:13, literally *"it impels for me to do so" notice that what is the subject in English appears in the dative in Quenya. Elsewhere this verb is presented as an A-stem ora- instead so that the aorist would be ora instead of orë, cf. ora nin "it warns me" in VT41:15, with past tense oranë or ornë, future tense oruva, present tense órëa and a form orië that may be the gerund; the forms orórië and ohórië were rejected but may have been intended as perfect forms VT41:13, 18, VT49:54

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > or-

  • 25 SHINE

    cala- (fut. caluva is attested), calta-; SHINE WHITE sil- (present tense síla, aorist sg. silë, aorist pl. silir, freq. sisíla- are attested and dual future siluvat are attested), ninquita-; SHINING WHITE (adj) silma (silver) –LT1:254, UT:22 cf. 51, KAL, MC:223, VT49:45, NIK-W, SIL/LotR:94/The Return of the Shadow:324

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > SHINE

  • 26 tengwa-

    2 vb. “to read written matter”, called a “weak verb”; aorist tengwa “reads”, present tense tengwëa “is reading”, past tense tengwane “read”, perfect etengwië “has read”, the latter without lengthening of the stem-vowel not **eténgwië because there is a consonant cluster following VT49:55. Gerund or “verbal noun” tengwië, also attested with a pronominal suffix + genitive: tengwiesto “of your dual reading” VT49:47, 48, 52, 54

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > tengwa-

  • 27 sil-

    vb. "shine" white, present tense síla "shines, is shining" FG; aorist silë, pl. silir RS:324, frequentative sisíla- Markirya comments, future tense siluva VT49:38, dual future siluvat VT49:44, 45

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > sil-

  • 28

    1 adv. “no, not" LA, VT45:25 According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. – In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" VT42:32-33, but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. – The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb “when another verb is not expressed” VT49:13, apparently where the phrase “is not” is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English “I do not” i.e. “I do not do whatever the context indicates”. With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë “I do not, am not” etc. Tolkien abandoned the form lamin. Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa ulanyë/u hé *“I love him but uI do not love/u him” another person VT49:15. Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva. 2 prep. “athwart, over, across, beyond” PE17:65, also used in phrases of comparison, e.g. "A ná calima lá B", A is bright beyond = brighter than B VT42:32. 3 interjection? "please" reading of gloss uncertain VT45:25

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) >

  • 29 hóciri-

    vb. "cut off" cut of a required portion, so as to have it or use it WJ:366, 368 Normal aorist probably *hócirë, present/continuative tense *hócíra, past tense *hócirnë

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > hóciri-

  • 30 caw-

    vb. "bow" "k"1st pers aorist cawin "I bow" LT1:257; cf. cauca, cauco. In Tolkien's later Quenya, a verbal stem with w in this position does not seem to fit the general phonology well; intervocalic w would become v. We should perhaps read *cav- whereever the second consonant of the root follows a vowel, but the nasal-infixed past tense could be *canwë with the original quality of the consonant preserved. Compare such a past tense form as anwë, q.v. However, Tolkien’s later verb luhta- may be preferred for intransitive “bow”.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > caw-

  • 31 GO

    lelya- or lenna- (pa.t. lendë in both cases; the printed Etymologies gives "linna" instad of lenna-, but according to VT45:27 this is a misreading) (proceed, travel); \#men- (attested in the aorist: menë "goes"), vanya- (pa.t. vannë) (depart, disappear – it may be that Tolkien abandoned the verb vanya-, if it is regarded as the conceptual predecessor of auta-, see GO AWAY below), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return; the Silmarillion Appendix also mentions “encircle” as a meaning of the root PEL, cf. also “Qenya” pele- “surround, fence in, pen in”; pa.t. pellë given, QL:73). GO OVER, see CROSS. GO ATHWART tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t. oantë, perf. oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" – less "physical" than oantë, rather meaning to be lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl. avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. GO FORTH TOWARDS (with the thing approached as direct object) tenta-, pa.t. tentanë (the verb can also mean “direct toward” or “be directed toward”, in the intransitive tense apparently with the pa.t. tenantë). CAUSE TO GO (in a desired direction) menta- (send), GONE vanwa (departed, vanished, dead, lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! – also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) LET GO lerya- (release, set free), sen- (let loose, free) –WJ:363, LED/VT45:27, VT47:11, 30, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, VT41:5, VT49:23, WJ:366, VT41:5, VT43:18

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > GO

  • 32 लुङ्


    luṅ
    (in gram.) N. of the terminations of the Aorist orᅠ Third Preterite andᅠ N. of that Tense itself

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > लुङ्

  • 33 bha

    bha, bhà
    was, Irish do bhámar, we were ( bhá-), do bhí, was, Middle Irish ro bói, was, Old Irish, bói, bái, búi, a perfect tense, *bove(t), for bebove; Sanskrit babhu$$-va; Greek $$G péfu-ke; Indo-European bheu, to be, as in Latin fui, was (an aorist form), English be.

    Etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language > bha

  • 34 bhà

    bha, bhà
    was, Irish do bhámar, we were ( bhá-), do bhí, was, Middle Irish ro bói, was, Old Irish, bói, bái, búi, a perfect tense, *bove(t), for bebove; Sanskrit babhu$$-va; Greek $$G péfu-ke; Indo-European bheu, to be, as in Latin fui, was (an aorist form), English be.

    Etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language > bhà

  • 35 um-

    vb. "not to do, not to be" 1st pers. aorist umin "I do not, am not", past tense úmë UGU/UMU. Another version of this negative verb had the form \#hum-, q.v., but Tolkien rejected it.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > um-

  • 36 váquet-

    vb. 1st pers. aorist váquetin and 1st pers. past tense váquenten are given "to say no" not denying that something is true, but denying to do or to allow something: "to say I will not/do not"; "to refuse", "to forbid" WJ:370, 371

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > váquet-

  • 37 tuia-

    vb. "sprout, spring" Tolkien's gloss is actually "sprouts, springs", since tuia is also the 3rd pers. sg. present tense or aorist TUY

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > tuia-

  • 38 ava-

    2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n “I” in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense “was not”, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkien’s the text was revised.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > ava-

  • 39 tir-

    vb. "watch, watch over, guard, heed", 1st pers. aorist tirin "I watch", pa.t. tirnë TIR, imperative tira VT47:31 or á tirë PE17:94, future tense tiruva "shall heed" in Markirya also MC:213, 214; also in CO with pronominal endings: tiruvantes "they will guard it" tir-uva-nte-s "guard-will-they-it". The stem also occurs in palantíri q.v., Tirion place-name "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City"

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > tir-

  • 40 ser-

    vb. "rest" 1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"; pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > ser-

См. также в других словарях:

  • Aorist — (from Greek αοριστός without horizon, unbounded) is an aspect or, used more specifically, a verb tense in some Indo European languages, such as Classical Greek (the term is also used for unrelated concepts in some other languages, such as Turkish …   Wikipedia

  • aorist Grammar — [ eɪərɪst, ɛ:r ] adjective relating to or denoting a past tense of a verb (especially in Greek) which does not contain any reference to duration or completion of the action. noun a word in the aorist tense. Derivatives aoristic adjective Origin… …   English new terms dictionary

  • aorist — (n.) 1580s, the simple past tense of Greek verbs, from Gk. aoristos (khronos) indefinite (tense), from privative prefix a not (see A (Cf. a ) (3)) + horistos limited, defined, verbal adjective from horizein to limit, define, from horos boundary,… …   Etymology dictionary

  • aorist — [ā′ə rist, er′ist] n. [Gr aoristos, indefinite < a , not + horistos, definable < horizein, to define < horos, a limit: see HORIZON] a past tense of Greek verbs, denoting an action without indicating whether completed, continued, or… …   English World dictionary

  • Aorist — A o*rist ([=a] [ o]*r[i^]st), n. [Gr. ao ristos indefinite; a priv. + ori zein to define, ? boundary, limit.] (Gram.) A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • aorist — 1. noun /ˈeɪəˌrɪst/ a) A verb in the aorist past, that is, in the past tense and the aorist aspect (the event described by the verb viewed as a completed whole). Also called the perfective past. The nearest equivalent in English is the simple… …   Wiktionary

  • tense — Synonyms and related words: accented, agitated, all overish, alveolar, antsy, anxious, anxioused up, aorist, apical, apico alveolar, apico dental, apprehensive, articulated, assimilated, back, barytone, bilabial, bothered, brace, broad, cacuminal …   Moby Thesaurus

  • aorist — /ˈɛərəst/ (say airruhst) noun 1. a tense of the Greek verb expressing past action without implication as to whether the action was momentary, continuous, completed, etc. –adjective 2. of or in the aorist. {Greek aoristos indefinite} …  

  • aorist —   n. Grammar, (tense) signifying happening in unrestricted or unspecified past.    ♦ aoristic, a. indefinite; pertaining to aorist …   Dictionary of difficult words

  • aorist — /ay euh rist/, Gram. n. 1. a verb tense, as in Classical Greek, expressing action or, in the indicative mood, past action, without further limitation or implication. adj. 2. of or in this tense. [1575 85; < Gk aóristos unlimited, equiv. to a A 6… …   Universalium

  • aorist — a•o•rist [[t]ˈeɪ ə rɪst[/t]] n. 1) gram. a verb tense, as in Classical Greek, expressing action, esp. in the past, without further implication as to completion, duration, or repetition 2) gram. of or in this tense • Etymology: 1575–85; < Gk… …   From formal English to slang

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