antecedo

antecēdēns, dentis, PAdi. (v. antecedo), voraus-, vorhergehend, I) im Raume usw.: antecedente operis parte, Plin. 30, 1. – II) in der Zeit: a) im allg.: hora, Ps. Cic.: annus, Plin. u. Suet. – b) insbes., als philos. t.t.: causa, die voraus- od. vorhergehende (bewirkende) Ursache, Cic. de fat. 24 u.ö. – so auch subst., antecedens, das Vorhergehende, früher Stattfindende, als wirkende Ursache (Ggstz. consequens), Cic. top. 88: öfter im Plur., antecedentia (Ggstz. consequentia), Cic. top. 53. Quint. 5, 10, 45 u.a.

antecessio, ōnis, f. (antecedo), I) das Vorauseilen, der Vorsprung, quae in orbibus conversiones antecessionesque eveniunt, Cic. Tim. 37. – II) übtr., die vorausgehende, wirkende Ursache, die Bedingung, aus der etw. folgen soll (Ggstz. consecutio), Cic. top. 53: homo causas rerum videt earumque praegressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, Cic. de off. 1, 11.

antecessīvus, a, um (antecedo), vorausgehend, Tert. de virg. vel. 4.

antecessor, ōris, m. (antecedo), der vorangeht, I) als milit. t.t., antecessores = antecursores (s. antecursor no. I), Auct. b. Afr. 12, 1. Suet. Vit. 17, 1. – II) übtr.: a) der mit Lehre u. Beispiel vorangeht; dah. α) der Lehrer od. Professor des Rechts, Cod. Iust. 1, 17, 1. § 3 u.a. – β) der Lehrer des Christentums, v. heiligen Geist, u. Plur. antecessores, v. den Aposteln, Eccl. – b) (wie das klass. decessor) der Vorgänger im Amte (Ggstz. successor), Apul. flor. 9 u. 15. Paul. dig. 5, 1, 55. – ⇒ Vgl. Gloss. ›antecessor, προηγησάμενος ‹ u. ›anticessor, προηγούμενος‹.

antecessus, ūs, m. (antecedo), das Vorhergehen; dah. in antecessum,im voraus, accipere, Sen. ep. 7, 10: dare, Sen. ep. 118, 1. Ps. Quint. decl. 12, 20 (wo noch ed. Bip. in antecessus dare): aliis postlongam diem repono, aliis in antecessum, Sen. de ben. 4, 32, 4: in antecessum sanguine senatus sibi parentabant, Flor. 3, 21, 20. – ⇒ Nach Ritschl op. 2, 559 viell. richtiger anticessum; vgl. Gloss. ›anticessum, πρόλημμα‹.

* * *

* * *

antĕcessĭo, ōnis, f. [antecedo].

A going before, preceding:

quae in orbibus conversiones antecessionesque eveniunt,

Cic. Tim. 10.—

That which goes before, the antecedent cause, as opp. to the final cause (perh. only in Cic.): homo causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, and understands their course forwards and backwards, i. e. can reason from cause to effect and from effect to cause, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

consecutio, antecessio, repugnantia,

id. Top. 13.

ē-mĭnĕo, ŭi, 2, v. n., to stand out, project (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen. (syn.:

exstare, excedere): cum ex terra nihil emineret, quod contemplationi caeli officere posset,

Cic. Div. 1, 42:

globus terrae e mari,

id. Tusc. 1, 28:

stipites ex terra,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 6; cf.:

stipites ab ramis,

id. ib. §

3: belua ponto,

Ov. M. 4, 690:

rupes aequore,

Luc. 2, 667:

moles aquā,

Curt. 4, 2, 21:

oculi extra terram,

Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 154:

balaena dorso multum super aquas,

id. 9, 6, 5, § 14:

super corpus quasi verrucula,

Cels. 5, 28, 14:

ferrum per costas,

Liv. 8, 7 et saep.— Absol., Caes. B. C. 1, 41, 4; 2, 9, 1; Sall. J. 94, 2; Lucr. 1, 780 et saep.; cf.

alte,

Ov. M. 15, 697:

hasta in partes ambas,

id. ib. 5, 139:

jugum in mare,

Caes. B. C. 2, 24, 3; cf.:

lingua in altum (i. e. mare),

Liv. 44, 11.—

In partic., in painting, to stand out in relief, be prominent, as the lights in a picture, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101; Quint. 2, 17, 21; 8, 5, 26; Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 131 al.; cf. eminentia, I.—

Trop., to be prominent, stand out, become conspicuous (syn.: eluceo, praecello, excello, appareo, praesto, antecedo).

In gen.:

animus, cum erit inclusus in corpore, eminebit foras,

will extend beyond, Cic. Rep. 6, 26 Mos.:

ii quorum eminet audacia atque projecta est,

id. Clu. 65, 183:

quod quo studiosius ab ipsis opprimitur et absconditur, eo magis eminet et apparet,

comes out, becomes visible, id. Rosc. Am. 41 fin.; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 62 Zumpt N. cr.; id. Tusc. 2, 26 fin.; Quint. 2, 12, 7; 11, 1, 56; 11, 3, 73 Spald.; Liv. 2, 5 fin.; 2, 10 al.; Curt. 4, 1, 24; 8, 1, 50; Ov. F. 3, 250:

vix ex gratulando miser jam eminebam,

was but now emerging from the flood of congratulations, Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 5:

vox eminet una,

makes itself distinctly audible, Ov. M. 15, 607.—

In partic., to be prominent, conspicuous through one's (good) qualities, to distinguish one's self, be eminent:

Demosthenes unus eminet inter omnes in omni genere dicendi,

Cic. Or. 29 fin.; so with inter, Quint. 8, 5, 9; 12, 5, 5; cf. with super, Flor. 4, 2, 10:

in aliqua re,

Quint. 1, 12, 15; 2, 3, 6; 8, 3, 64 al.:

aliqua re,

Vell. 2, 127, 2; 2, 130, 1; Quint. 2, 8, 4; 3, 8, 65.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28;

so with excellit,

Tac. Or. 32:

quae (sententiarum ornamenta) emineant pauciora,

Cic. Or. 24, 81; so Liv. 5, 36; Vell. 2, 49 al.:

altius,

Nep. Chabr. 3, 3.—Hence, ēmĭnens, entis, P. a., standing out, projecting, prominent, high, lofty.

Lit. (syn. editus):

promontoria,

Caes. B. C. 2, 23, 2:

trabes,

id. ib. 2, 9, 5:

saxa,

Sall. J. 93, 4:

oculi,

Cic. Vatin. 2:

genae leviter,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

statura,

Suet. Calig. 50:

capita papaverum,

Front. Strat. 1, 1, 4; Flor. 1, 7, 7: aedes, standing on high ground (opp. plana), id. 1, 9, 4:

nihil (in globo),

Cic. N. D. 2, 18; cf. ib. 1, 27; cf. also the art. eminentia: patibulo eminens affigebatur, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 366, 14 (4, 40 Dietsch).— Comp.:

trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 3:

nasus a summo,

Suet. Aug. 79;

of perspective in painting: alia eminentiora, alia reductiora fecerunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 46.— Sup.:

aliquod in montibus (i. e. vertex),

Quint. 8, 2, 7; cf.

mons,

Flor. 4, 12, 49.—

Trop., lofty, distinguished, eminent (esp. freq. in the postAug. per., and mostly in the sup.; syn.:

praeclarus, praestans, excellens, etc.): species deorum quae nihil solidi habeat, nihil eminentis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75:

ingenium,

Quint. 6 prooem. §

1: res dictu,

Vell. 2, 114, 1.—Prov.:

eminentis fortunae comes invidia,

Vell. Pat. 1, 9, 6.— Plur. as subst.: ēmĭnentes, ĭum, m., distinguished men, Tac. Agr. 5.— ēmĭnentĭa, ĭum, n.

Admirable passages in an oration, Quint. 10, 1, 86.—

Greatness, distinction:

nun. quam eminentia invidia carent,

Vell. 2, 40, 6.— Comp.:

eloquentia,

Tac. Or. 25.— Sup.:

auctores,

Quint. 1, 2, 2; 1, 10, 10; 2, 3, 1; 9, 4, 79 et saep.; cf. Ruhnk. Vell. 2, 83 fin. — In the later empire, Eminentissimus was a title of the Praefectus praetorio, and of the Magister militum, Cod. Just. 12, 47, 1; 9, 41, 11 et saep.— Adv.: ēmĭnenter, highly, eminently, August. in Psa. 95, 1.— Comp.:

projectae cautes eminentius,

Amm. 24, 2, 12:

non eminentius quam municipaliter natus,

i. e. of higher, nobler birth, Sid. Ep. 1, 11.

ē-mĭnĕo, ŭi, 2, v. n., to stand out, project (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen. (syn.:

exstare, excedere): cum ex terra nihil emineret, quod contemplationi caeli officere posset,

Cic. Div. 1, 42:

globus terrae e mari,

id. Tusc. 1, 28:

stipites ex terra,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 6; cf.:

stipites ab ramis,

id. ib. §

3: belua ponto,

Ov. M. 4, 690:

rupes aequore,

Luc. 2, 667:

moles aquā,

Curt. 4, 2, 21:

oculi extra terram,

Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 154:

balaena dorso multum super aquas,

id. 9, 6, 5, § 14:

super corpus quasi verrucula,

Cels. 5, 28, 14:

ferrum per costas,

Liv. 8, 7 et saep.— Absol., Caes. B. C. 1, 41, 4; 2, 9, 1; Sall. J. 94, 2; Lucr. 1, 780 et saep.; cf.

alte,

Ov. M. 15, 697:

hasta in partes ambas,

id. ib. 5, 139:

jugum in mare,

Caes. B. C. 2, 24, 3; cf.:

lingua in altum (i. e. mare),

Liv. 44, 11.—

In partic., in painting, to stand out in relief, be prominent, as the lights in a picture, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101; Quint. 2, 17, 21; 8, 5, 26; Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 131 al.; cf. eminentia, I.—

Trop., to be prominent, stand out, become conspicuous (syn.: eluceo, praecello, excello, appareo, praesto, antecedo).

In gen.:

animus, cum erit inclusus in corpore, eminebit foras,

will extend beyond, Cic. Rep. 6, 26 Mos.:

ii quorum eminet audacia atque projecta est,

id. Clu. 65, 183:

quod quo studiosius ab ipsis opprimitur et absconditur, eo magis eminet et apparet,

comes out, becomes visible, id. Rosc. Am. 41 fin.; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 62 Zumpt N. cr.; id. Tusc. 2, 26 fin.; Quint. 2, 12, 7; 11, 1, 56; 11, 3, 73 Spald.; Liv. 2, 5 fin.; 2, 10 al.; Curt. 4, 1, 24; 8, 1, 50; Ov. F. 3, 250:

vix ex gratulando miser jam eminebam,

was but now emerging from the flood of congratulations, Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 5:

vox eminet una,

makes itself distinctly audible, Ov. M. 15, 607.—

In partic., to be prominent, conspicuous through one's (good) qualities, to distinguish one's self, be eminent:

Demosthenes unus eminet inter omnes in omni genere dicendi,

Cic. Or. 29 fin.; so with inter, Quint. 8, 5, 9; 12, 5, 5; cf. with super, Flor. 4, 2, 10:

in aliqua re,

Quint. 1, 12, 15; 2, 3, 6; 8, 3, 64 al.:

aliqua re,

Vell. 2, 127, 2; 2, 130, 1; Quint. 2, 8, 4; 3, 8, 65.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28;

so with excellit,

Tac. Or. 32:

quae (sententiarum ornamenta) emineant pauciora,

Cic. Or. 24, 81; so Liv. 5, 36; Vell. 2, 49 al.:

altius,

Nep. Chabr. 3, 3.—Hence, ēmĭnens, entis, P. a., standing out, projecting, prominent, high, lofty.

Lit. (syn. editus):

promontoria,

Caes. B. C. 2, 23, 2:

trabes,

id. ib. 2, 9, 5:

saxa,

Sall. J. 93, 4:

oculi,

Cic. Vatin. 2:

genae leviter,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

statura,

Suet. Calig. 50:

capita papaverum,

Front. Strat. 1, 1, 4; Flor. 1, 7, 7: aedes, standing on high ground (opp. plana), id. 1, 9, 4:

nihil (in globo),

Cic. N. D. 2, 18; cf. ib. 1, 27; cf. also the art. eminentia: patibulo eminens affigebatur, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 366, 14 (4, 40 Dietsch).— Comp.:

trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 3:

nasus a summo,

Suet. Aug. 79;

of perspective in painting: alia eminentiora, alia reductiora fecerunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 46.— Sup.:

aliquod in montibus (i. e. vertex),

Quint. 8, 2, 7; cf.

mons,

Flor. 4, 12, 49.—

Trop., lofty, distinguished, eminent (esp. freq. in the postAug. per., and mostly in the sup.; syn.:

praeclarus, praestans, excellens, etc.): species deorum quae nihil solidi habeat, nihil eminentis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75:

ingenium,

Quint. 6 prooem. §

1: res dictu,

Vell. 2, 114, 1.—Prov.:

eminentis fortunae comes invidia,

Vell. Pat. 1, 9, 6.— Plur. as subst.: ēmĭnentes, ĭum, m., distinguished men, Tac. Agr. 5.— ēmĭnentĭa, ĭum, n.

Admirable passages in an oration, Quint. 10, 1, 86.—

Greatness, distinction:

nun. quam eminentia invidia carent,

Vell. 2, 40, 6.— Comp.:

eloquentia,

Tac. Or. 25.— Sup.:

auctores,

Quint. 1, 2, 2; 1, 10, 10; 2, 3, 1; 9, 4, 79 et saep.; cf. Ruhnk. Vell. 2, 83 fin. — In the later empire, Eminentissimus was a title of the Praefectus praetorio, and of the Magister militum, Cod. Just. 12, 47, 1; 9, 41, 11 et saep.— Adv.: ēmĭnenter, highly, eminently, August. in Psa. 95, 1.— Comp.:

projectae cautes eminentius,

Amm. 24, 2, 12:

non eminentius quam municipaliter natus,

i. e. of higher, nobler birth, Sid. Ep. 1, 11.

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].

Act., to raise up, elevate; only:

recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,

Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—

Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).

Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—

Trop.

In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),

In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:

ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:

inter omnes,

id. Or. 2, 6:

super ceteros,

Liv. 28, 43:

ante ceteros,

App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:

qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

quae una ceteris excellebat,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:

ceteris,

Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:

bonā famā,

Lucr. 6, 13:

ingenio scientiāque,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

animi magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:

actione,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

hoc genere virtutis,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

dignitate,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:

altitudine,

Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:

candore,

id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in arte,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

in aliqua arte et facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

in alia parte orationis,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,

id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:

vitiis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:

cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,

id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,

excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.

Lit., high, lofty (very rare;

not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,

Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:

deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,

Cic. Div. 2, 63:

Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,

id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;

for which also: in omni genere,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:

cujus excellens in re militari gloria,

id. Rep. 2, 17:

Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,

id. Brut. 97, 333:

natura excellens atque praestans,

id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:

scientia excellens atque singularis,

id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:

vir excellenti providentia,

id. Rep. 2, 3;

for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):

studium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:

pulchritudo muliebris formae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:

ova excellentiora,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:

nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:

excellentissima virtus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:

cultus,

Suet. Ner. 20:

triumphus,

id. Caes. 37:

aurum,

Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:

excellentissime,

Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—

ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).

Lit.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:

locus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11:

porticus,

id. Att. 4, 16, 14:

basis (statuae),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.

signum,

id. ib.:

statura,

Suet. Caes. 45:

aves (Ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

altitudo vineae,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:

in excelsiore loco,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

cornu (bovis),

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:

crura chamaeleonis,

Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.

locus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:

rupes,

Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:

aegilops,

id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—

Subst.

excelsum, i, n., a height:

simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:

Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,

Ov. H. 15, 165; so,

ab excelso,

id. F. 2, 369:

prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—

Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—

Trop.

In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:

te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

magnus homo et excelsus,

id. Mur. 29:

animus excelsus magnificusque,

id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,

id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:

te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,

Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:

(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,

Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:

quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,

Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:

excelsissimae victoriae,

Vell. 2, 96 fin.:

duces,

id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.

, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:

excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,

Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—

Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:

in excelso aetatem agere,

i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—

Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.

Lit.:

si vitis scandit excelsius,

Col. 4, 1, 5.—

Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:

ornat excelse,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:

excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,

Cic. Or. 34, 119:

excelsissime floruit (Sparta),

exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].

Act., to raise up, elevate; only:

recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,

Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—

Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).

Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—

Trop.

In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),

In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:

ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:

inter omnes,

id. Or. 2, 6:

super ceteros,

Liv. 28, 43:

ante ceteros,

App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:

qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

quae una ceteris excellebat,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:

ceteris,

Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:

bonā famā,

Lucr. 6, 13:

ingenio scientiāque,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

animi magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:

actione,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

hoc genere virtutis,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

dignitate,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:

altitudine,

Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:

candore,

id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in arte,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

in aliqua arte et facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

in alia parte orationis,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,

id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:

vitiis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:

cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,

id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,

excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.

Lit., high, lofty (very rare;

not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,

Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:

deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,

Cic. Div. 2, 63:

Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,

id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;

for which also: in omni genere,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:

cujus excellens in re militari gloria,

id. Rep. 2, 17:

Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,

id. Brut. 97, 333:

natura excellens atque praestans,

id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:

scientia excellens atque singularis,

id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:

vir excellenti providentia,

id. Rep. 2, 3;

for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):

studium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:

pulchritudo muliebris formae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:

ova excellentiora,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:

nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:

excellentissima virtus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:

cultus,

Suet. Ner. 20:

triumphus,

id. Caes. 37:

aurum,

Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:

excellentissime,

Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—

ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).

Lit.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:

locus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11:

porticus,

id. Att. 4, 16, 14:

basis (statuae),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.

signum,

id. ib.:

statura,

Suet. Caes. 45:

aves (Ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

altitudo vineae,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:

in excelsiore loco,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

cornu (bovis),

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:

crura chamaeleonis,

Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.

locus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:

rupes,

Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:

aegilops,

id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—

Subst.

excelsum, i, n., a height:

simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:

Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,

Ov. H. 15, 165; so,

ab excelso,

id. F. 2, 369:

prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—

Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—

Trop.

In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:

te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

magnus homo et excelsus,

id. Mur. 29:

animus excelsus magnificusque,

id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,

id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:

te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,

Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:

(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,

Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:

quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,

Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:

excelsissimae victoriae,

Vell. 2, 96 fin.:

duces,

id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.

, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:

excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,

Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—

Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:

in excelso aetatem agere,

i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—

Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.

Lit.:

si vitis scandit excelsius,

Col. 4, 1, 5.—

Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:

ornat excelse,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:

excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,

Cic. Or. 34, 119:

excelsissime floruit (Sparta),

exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].

Act., to raise up, elevate; only:

recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,

Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—

Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).

Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—

Trop.

In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),

In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:

ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:

inter omnes,

id. Or. 2, 6:

super ceteros,

Liv. 28, 43:

ante ceteros,

App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:

qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

quae una ceteris excellebat,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:

ceteris,

Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:

bonā famā,

Lucr. 6, 13:

ingenio scientiāque,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

animi magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:

actione,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

hoc genere virtutis,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

dignitate,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:

altitudine,

Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:

candore,

id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in arte,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

in aliqua arte et facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

in alia parte orationis,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,

id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:

vitiis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:

cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,

id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,

excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.

Lit., high, lofty (very rare;

not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,

Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:

deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,

Cic. Div. 2, 63:

Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,

id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;

for which also: in omni genere,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:

cujus excellens in re militari gloria,

id. Rep. 2, 17:

Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,

id. Brut. 97, 333:

natura excellens atque praestans,

id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:

scientia excellens atque singularis,

id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:

vir excellenti providentia,

id. Rep. 2, 3;

for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):

studium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:

pulchritudo muliebris formae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:

ova excellentiora,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:

nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:

excellentissima virtus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:

cultus,

Suet. Ner. 20:

triumphus,

id. Caes. 37:

aurum,

Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:

excellentissime,

Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—

ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).

Lit.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:

locus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11:

porticus,

id. Att. 4, 16, 14:

basis (statuae),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.

signum,

id. ib.:

statura,

Suet. Caes. 45:

aves (Ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

altitudo vineae,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:

in excelsiore loco,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

cornu (bovis),

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:

crura chamaeleonis,

Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.

locus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:

rupes,

Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:

aegilops,

id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—

Subst.

excelsum, i, n., a height:

simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:

Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,

Ov. H. 15, 165; so,

ab excelso,

id. F. 2, 369:

prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—

Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—

Trop.

In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:

te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

magnus homo et excelsus,

id. Mur. 29:

animus excelsus magnificusque,

id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,

id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:

te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,

Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:

(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,

Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:

quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,

Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:

excelsissimae victoriae,

Vell. 2, 96 fin.:

duces,

id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.

, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:

excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,

Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—

Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:

in excelso aetatem agere,

i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—

Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.

Lit.:

si vitis scandit excelsius,

Col. 4, 1, 5.—

Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:

ornat excelse,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:

excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,

Cic. Or. 34, 119:

excelsissime floruit (Sparta),

exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].

Act., to raise up, elevate; only:

recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,

Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—

Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).

Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—

Trop.

In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),

In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:

ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:

inter omnes,

id. Or. 2, 6:

super ceteros,

Liv. 28, 43:

ante ceteros,

App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:

qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

quae una ceteris excellebat,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:

ceteris,

Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:

bonā famā,

Lucr. 6, 13:

ingenio scientiāque,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

animi magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:

actione,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

hoc genere virtutis,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

dignitate,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:

altitudine,

Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:

candore,

id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in arte,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

in aliqua arte et facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

in alia parte orationis,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,

id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:

vitiis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:

cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,

id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,

excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.

Lit., high, lofty (very rare;

not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,

Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:

deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,

Cic. Div. 2, 63:

Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,

id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;

for which also: in omni genere,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:

cujus excellens in re militari gloria,

id. Rep. 2, 17:

Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,

id. Brut. 97, 333:

natura excellens atque praestans,

id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:

scientia excellens atque singularis,

id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:

vir excellenti providentia,

id. Rep. 2, 3;

for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):

studium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:

pulchritudo muliebris formae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:

ova excellentiora,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:

nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:

excellentissima virtus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:

cultus,

Suet. Ner. 20:

triumphus,

id. Caes. 37:

aurum,

Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:

excellentissime,

Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—

ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).

Lit.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:

locus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11:

porticus,

id. Att. 4, 16, 14:

basis (statuae),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.

signum,

id. ib.:

statura,

Suet. Caes. 45:

aves (Ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

altitudo vineae,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:

in excelsiore loco,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

cornu (bovis),

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:

crura chamaeleonis,

Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.

locus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:

rupes,

Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:

aegilops,

id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—

Subst.

excelsum, i, n., a height:

simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:

Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,

Ov. H. 15, 165; so,

ab excelso,

id. F. 2, 369:

prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—

Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—

Trop.

In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:

te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

magnus homo et excelsus,

id. Mur. 29:

animus excelsus magnificusque,

id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,

id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:

te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,

Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:

(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,

Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:

quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,

Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:

excelsissimae victoriae,

Vell. 2, 96 fin.:

duces,

id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.

, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:

excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,

Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—

Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:

in excelso aetatem agere,

i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—

Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.

Lit.:

si vitis scandit excelsius,

Col. 4, 1, 5.—

Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:

ornat excelse,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:

excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,

Cic. Or. 34, 119:

excelsissime floruit (Sparta),

exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

ex-cello, cellŭi, celsum, 3 (also acc. to the 2d conj., praes. indic. excellet, Aem. Mac. ap. Diom. p. 371 P., and subj. excelleat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 838 and 896 P.), v. a. and n. [cello].

Act., to raise up, elevate; only:

recellere reclinare, et excellere in altum extollere,

Fest. p. 274, 31; and Paul. ib. 275, 11 Müll.; cf. the P. a. excelsus, below.—

Neut., to rise, elevate itself (cf.: antecello, praesto, antecedo, emineo, floreo, vigeo).

Lit., only in the P. a. excellens, q. v. A.—

Trop.

In gen., to exult, be elated: animus excellit rebus secundis, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14; 13, 24, 14.—Far more freq. (but not in Plaut. and Ter.; and in the verb. finit. not in Aug. poets),

In partic., to be eminent, to distinguish one's self for any quality above others; to surpass, excel, in a good or (less freq.) in a bad sense:

ut is, qui dignitate principibus excellit facilitate infimis par esse videatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2 fin.:

inter omnes,

id. Or. 2, 6:

super ceteros,

Liv. 28, 43:

ante ceteros,

App. Flor. 16.—With dat.:

qui longe ceteris excellere pictoribus existimabatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

quae una ceteris excellebat,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Fin. 3, 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 54, 216; id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 39 al.:

ceteris,

Quint. 2, 20, 9.—With abl.:

bonā famā,

Lucr. 6, 13:

ingenio scientiāque,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

animi magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 18 fin.:

actione,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

hoc genere virtutis,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

dignitate,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 9:

altitudine,

Plin. 16, 6, 18, § 24:

candore,

id. 37, 6, 23, § 88 et saep.—With in and abl.:

in arte,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13:

in aliqua arte et facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

in alia parte orationis,

id. Brut. 59, 215:

maxime in amicitiis expetendis colendisque,

id. Lael. 9, 30; id. de Or. 2, 54, 217 et saep.— Absol.:

excellit atque eminet vis, potestas nomenque regium,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28; 2, 23; 1, 22; id. Div. 1, 19, 38; 1, 41, 91; id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.; Tac. Or. 32 (with eminere) et saep. —In a bad sense:

vitiis,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51:

cum haec (flagitia), quae excellunt, me nosse videas,

id. Pis. 38 fin. —Hence,

excellens, entis, P. a., rising, overtopping.

Lit., high, lofty (very rare;

not in Cic.): oppida excellentibus locis constituta, Auct. B. Hisp. 8, 4: corpore excellens,

Vell. 2, 107.—Far more freq. and class.,

Trop., distinguishing himself, distinguished, superior, surpassing, excellent:

deos rerum omnium praestantia excellentes,

Cic. Div. 2, 63:

Brutus noster excellens omni genere laudis,

id. Ac. 1, 3 fin.;

for which also: in omni genere,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; id. de Or. 2, 54, 220:

cujus excellens in re militari gloria,

id. Rep. 2, 17:

Galba fuit inter tot aequales unus excellens,

id. Brut. 97, 333:

natura excellens atque praestans,

id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.:

scientia excellens atque singularis,

id. Fam. 4, 3 fin.:

vir excellenti providentia,

id. Rep. 2, 3;

for which: excellente ingenii magnitudine,

id. Off. 1, 33 (al. excellenti and excellentis, v. Orell. ad h. l.):

studium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34 fin.:

pulchritudo muliebris formae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1: cygnus, * Verg. A. 12, 250 et saep.— Subst.: excellentia, ōrum, n., exceptional instances: nec excellentia, sed quotidiana tractabo, Aus. Grat. Act. § 62.— Comp.:

ova excellentiora,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 50:

nihil illo (sc. Alcibiade) fuisse excellentius, vel in vitiis, vel in virtutibus,

Nep. Alcib. 1.— Sup.:

excellentissima virtus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 99, 2; Sen. Vit. Beat. 14:

cultus,

Suet. Ner. 20:

triumphus,

id. Caes. 37:

aurum,

Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56 et saep.— Adv.: excellon-ter, excellently, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; Nep. Att. 1, 3.— Comp., Cic. Sest. 45.— Sup.:

excellentissime,

Aug. Civ. D. 17, 8.—

ex-celsus, a, um, P. a., elevated, lofty, high (freq. and class.; cf.: celsus, editus, altus, sublimis, procerus, arduus).

Lit.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2; cf.: vertex montis, * Verg. A. 5, 35:

locus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11:

porticus,

id. Att. 4, 16, 14:

basis (statuae),

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34; cf.

signum,

id. ib.:

statura,

Suet. Caes. 45:

aves (Ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

altitudo vineae,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184 et saep.— Comp.:

in excelsiore loco,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

cornu (bovis),

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1; cf.:

crura chamaeleonis,

Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 120.— Sup.:

mons,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 4; cf.

locus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 33 fin.:

rupes,

Plin. 10, 6, 7, § 19:

aegilops,

id. 16, 6, 8, § 22; 11, 37, 49, § 135.—

Subst.

excelsum, i, n., a height:

simulacrum Jovis in excelso collocare,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Att. 6, 1, 17:

Phoebus ab excelso, quantum patet, aspicit aequor,

Ov. H. 15, 165; so,

ab excelso,

id. F. 2, 369:

prohibebit in excelsum emicare (vitem),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 184.—

Ex-celsus, i, m., the Highest, the Most High, i. e. God (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 72, 11 al.—

Trop.

In gen., high, lofty, distinguished, excellent, noble:

te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11; cf.:

magnus homo et excelsus,

id. Mur. 29:

animus excelsus magnificusque,

id. Off. 1, 23; cf. id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

excelso et illustri loco sita est laus tua,

id. Fam. 2, 5; cf.:

te in excelsissimo humani generis fastigio positum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 11: species magnae excelsaeque gloriac,

Tac. Agr. 4 fin. et saep.— Comp.:

(orator) grandior et quodammodo excelsior,

Cic. Or. 34; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 23; Plin. Pan. 94, 3:

quo tua in me humanitas fuerit excelsior quam in te mea,

Cic. Att. 3, 20 fin.—Sup.:

excelsissimae victoriae,

Vell. 2, 96 fin.:

duces,

id. 2, 114 fin.—Subst.

, m. plur.: excelsi, ōrum, the lofty; prov.:

excelsis multo facilius casus nocet,

Pub. Syr. 162 (Rib.).—

Neut.: excelsum, i, an elevated station or position:

in excelso aetatem agere,

i. e. in a high station, Sall. C. 51, 12.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.): in excelsis, in the highest, in ascriptions of praise, Vulg. Psa. 148, 1 al.—

Esp., in the later period of the empire, a title of high official dignitaries, e. g. of the praefectus praetorio, etc.— Adv.: excelsē, highly, on high, loftily.

Lit.:

si vitis scandit excelsius,

Col. 4, 1, 5.—

Trop., in an elevated manner, highly:

ornat excelse,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 3:

excelsius magnificentiusque et dicet et sentiet,

Cic. Or. 34, 119:

excelsissime floruit (Sparta),

exceedingly, Vell. 1, 6, 3.

prae-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. a. and n., to go before, precede (seems not to occur in Cic., Nep., Tac., or Sall.; once in Cæs.; syn.: antecedo, anteverto).

Act., to go before, precede a person or thing.

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem,

Suet. Dom. 14:

custodes,

Just. 14, 4:

agmen,

Verg. A. 9, 47:

is praecedens agmen militum ad tribunal pergit,

Liv. 7, 13, 2:

praetoriā nave praecedente classem,

id. 35, 26, 7; 38, 41, 12:

taurus armenta praecedit,

Sen. Ep. 90, 4; id. Contr. 3, 16, 8:

exsequias fax cereusque praecessit,

id. Tranq. 11, 7:

gradum nostrum aut praecedentes aut sequentes,

Vell. 2, 114, 1.—Of inanimate subjects:

at quae venturas praecedet sexta Calendas,

Ov. F. 1, 705; Vell. 2, 129, 3.—

Trop., to surpass, outstrip, outdo, excel, be superior to (rare but class.):

Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt,

excel in bravery, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 4:

ego vestros honores rebis gerendis praecessi,

Liv. 38, 51, 11:

ceteras omnis sapore praecedere,

Col. 3, 2, 7:

omnes,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 14:

Baetica cunctas provinciarum divite cultu praecedit,

Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

in quo praecessit omnes D. Silanus,

id. 18, 3, 5, § 23:

omnes sapientiā,

Vulg. Eccl. 1, 16.—

Neutr., to go before, precede, lead the way (class.).

Lit.:

opus esse et ipsos praecedere ad confirmandam civitatem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 54:

cum equite, ut prius venisse quam venturum sciant, praecedam,

Liv. 22, 51, 2:

praecedebat ipse vinctus, sequebatur grex, etc.,

id. 30, 13, 2; 39, 39, 8; 42, 59, 1:

equitem ex Paeoniā praecedere jubet,

Curt. 4, 12, 22; 3, 4, 13; 5, 8, 5; Suet. Galb. 12; id. Calig. 32:

cervi maria tranant capita imponentes praecedentium clunibus,

Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 114.—

Of inanim. subjects:

fama loquax praecessit ad aures, Deïanira, tuas,

Ov. M. 9, 137:

umbra,

id. ib. 5, 614;

Plin 31, 6, 33, § 64: nullā praecedente injuriā,

without previous injury, id. 11, 37, 55, § 149.—

Transf., to be older:

decem et octo annis,

Just. Inst. 1, 11, 4.—

Trop., to surpass, excel; with the dat. (ante-class.):

ut vostrae fortunae meis praecedunt longe,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 39.

prae-curro, cŭcurri (curri, Liv. 8, 30, 13 Weissenb.), cursum, 3, v. n. and a., to run before, hasten on before, precede (class.; cf.: antecedo, antevenio).

Lit.:

eā ego huc praecucurri gratiā, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 110:

propere praecucurrit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 11:

praecucurrit index ad Persea,

Liv. 40, 7, 7:

praecurrunt equites,

Caes. B. G. 6, 39:

praecurrit ante omnes,

id. B. C. 2, 34, 5:

citius Petro,

Vulg. Johan. 20, 4.—

Trop., to go on before, precede; to surpass, excel:

eo fama jam praecucurrerat de proelio Dyrrhachino,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

ut certis rebus certa signa praecurrerent,

precede, Cic. Div. 1, 52, 118; id. Ac. 1, 12, 45:

alicui studio,

id. Cat. 4, 9, 19; so,

alicui,

id. de Or. 3, 61, 230.—

In gen., to hasten before a person or thing, to precede, go before, anticipate: illud praecurrere cogor, to combat in advance, * Lucr. 1, 371:

aliquem aetate,

Cic. Or. 52, 176:

ita praecurrit amicitia judicium,

id. Lael. 17, 62:

nec appetitus rationem praecurrant,

id. Off. 1, 29, 102.—

In partic., to surpass, excel in any quality:

aliquem,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 28:

aliquem nobilitate,

Nep. Thras. 1, 3:

aliquem judicio,

Tac. Or. 22.—Hence, praecurrentĭa, ĭum, n. In rhetoric like antecedentia, things that go before, antecedents, Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 166:

primordia rerum et quasi praecurrentia,

id. Part. 2, 7.—

* Part. perf.: praecursus, a, um, having preceded:

rumore praecurso,

Amm. 18, 2, 1.

prae-ĕo (sometimes written in inscrr. with one e, PRAERAT, etc.), īvi and ĭi, ĭtum, īre, v. n. and a., to go before, lead the way, precede (syn.: praegredior, antecedo).

Lit.

Neutr.:

ut consulibus lictores praeirent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

domino praeire,

Stat. Th. 6, 519:

Laevinus Romam praeivit,

Liv. 26, 27 fin.:

praetor dictus, qui praeiret jure et exercitu,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 80 Müll.; cf.:

in re militari praetor dictus, qui praeiret exercitui,

id. ib. 5, 16, §

87 ib.: praeeunte carinā,

Verg. A. 5, 186; Ov. F. 1, 81.—

Act.:

per avia ac derupta praeibat eum,

Tac. A. 6, 21:

ludos Circenses eburna effigies (Germanici) praeiret,

id. ib. 2, 83.—

Trop.

In gen., to go before, precede (rare but class.).

Neutr.:

naturā praeeunte,

Cic. Fin. 5, 21, 58.—

Act.:

acto raptim agmine, ut famam sui praeiret,

to outstrip, Tac. A. 15, 4.—

In partic., a relig. and publicist's t. t., to precede one in reciting a formula (as of prayer, consecration, an oath, etc.), i. e. to repeat first, to dictate any thing (the predom. signif. of the word); constr. most freq. with aliquid ( alicui), and less freq. with verbis, voce, or absol.

Aliquid ( alicui):

praei verba, quibus me pro legionibus devoveam,

Liv. 8, 9, 4:

aedem Concordiae dedicavit, coactusque pontifex maximus verba praeire,

to dictate the formula of consecration, id. 9, 46, 6; cf. id. 4, 21, 5; 5, 41, 3; 10, 28, 14:

praeeuntibus exsecrabile carmen sacerdotibus,

id. 31, 17:

sacramentum,

Tac. H. 1, 36; 2, 74:

obsecrationem,

Suet. Claud. 22:

cum scriba ex publicis tabulis sollemne ei praecationis carmen praeiret,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 10.—

Praeire verbis:

praei verbis quid vis,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 48.—

Absol., with dat. of the person:

praeivimus commilitonibus jusjurandum more sollemni praestantibus,

Plin. Ep. 10,52 (60):

de scripto praeire,

to read before, Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12:

ades, Luculle, Servili, dum dedico domum Ciceronis, ut mihi praeeatis,

Cic. Dom. 52, 133.—

Transf., apart from technical lang., to recite, read, sing, or play before one (rare but class.):

ut vobis voce praeirent, quid judicaretis,

Cic. Mil. 2, 3:

si legentibus singulis praeire semper ipsi velint,

wish to read before, Quint. 2, 5, 3; 1, 2, 12; and:

praeeunte aliquā jucundā voce,

id. 1, 10, 16:

tibiam Caio Graccho cum populo agenti praeisse ac praemonstrasse modulos ferunt,

Gell. 1, 11, 10.—

In partic., to lead the way, by orders, directions, precepts:

omnia, uti decemviri praeierunt, facta,

Liv. 43, 13 fin. (cf. praefor):

si de omni quoque officio judicis praeire tibi me vis,

Gell. 14, 2, 12.—Hence, praeiens, Part., going before; as subst.: praeiens, euntis, m., he who precedes another, as a precentor or leader:

lectio non omnis nec semper praeeunte eget,

Quint. 1, 2, 12.