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1 angra
* * *(að), v. to grieve, vex, distress (mik hefir angrat hungr ok frost); with dat. (hvárt sem mér angrar reykr eða bruni); impers. to be grieved (angraði honum mjök);refl., angrast af e-u, to be vexed at, take offence at; a. við e-n, to fall out with.* * *að, to anger, grieve, vex, with acc., Fms. xi. 393; mik hefir angrað hungr ok frost, Fms. ii. 59: with dat., hvárt sem mér a. reykr eða bruni, Nj. 201, Stj. 21: impers. to be grieved, a. honum mjök, Fas. ii. 296: more freq. with acc., Finnb. 234, Bs. i. 289; mik angrar mart hvað, Hallgrím.β. reflex., angrask, to be angered; a. af e-u, to take offence at, Bs. i. 280; við e-t, Fas. iii. 364.γ. part. angraðr, used as adj. sorrowful, angry; reiðr ok a., El. 14; pronounced angráðr, concerned; in the phrase, göra sér angrátt, um, to feel a pang, Gísl. 85. -
2 angra
f.1 a small bay, a cove.2 creek, cove.* * *1 cove, inlet, creek* * *SF cove, creek -
3 angraðr
pp. sorrowful, sad, vexed (reiðr ok a.). -
4 angra
• cove -
5 angra
a cove or little bay, cove -
6 angra, áreita
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7 angra, ergja
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8 angra, gera gramt í geîi
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9 angra, skaprauna
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10 ein-angra
að, to put one in a strait, drive into a corner, Stj. 71. -
11 hrjá, angra stöîugt
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12 Ангро-Майнью
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13 Анхра-Манью
Religion: Angra Mainyu -
14 Спента-Майнью
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15 ANGR
I)(gen. -rs), m. in Norse local names, bay, firth.* * *m. (now always n., Pass. 1. 4, and so Bs. i. 195); gen. rs, [cp. Engl. anger, Lat. angor.]I. grief, sorrow; þann angr, Bær. 12; upp á minn a. ok skaða, Stj. 215; minn harm ok a., Bær. 14; með margskonar angri, Fms.x.401; sorg eðr a., Háv. 51; ekki angr(s), Hkv. Hjörv. 10.II. in Norse local names freq. = bay, firth, e. g. Staf-angr, Harð-angr, etc. etc. (never in Icel.): all these local names are better derived from vangr (q. v., p. 678); kaupangr in Norway means a town, village, sinus mercatorius, [cp. the English ‘Chipping’ in Chipping Norton, Chipping Ongar, etc., and in London, ‘Cheapside,’] these places being situated at the bottom of the firths: fjörðr hardly ever occurs in local names in Norway, but always angr; cp. the pun on angr, moeror, and angr, sinus, Fas. ii. 91. The word is obsolete in the historical age and scarcely appears as a pure appellative, Edda (Gl.), Fms. xii, Munch’s Map and Geogr. of Norway. [Root probably Lat. ang- in ango, angustus, angiportus.] -
16 DRÚPA
(-ta, -t), v. to droop, from sorrow (svá drúpir nú Danmörk, sem dauðr sé Knútr sonr minn);drúpir örn yfir, the eagle hovers over (it).* * *t or ð, to droop (from sorrow), different from drjúpa, to drip; drúpa is in Icel. an almost obsolete word, in old poets and writers esp. used in a metaph. sense; at the death of a dear person, the country, hills, mountains are said to droop; svá drúpir nú Danmörk, sem dauðr sé Knútr sonr minn. Fms. i. 118; svá þótti drúpa Ísland eptir fráfall Gizurar biskups, sem Rómaborgar ríki eptir fráfall Gregorii páfa, Bs. i. 71; Ari prestr hinn Fróði segir hve mjök várt land drúpði eptir fráfall Gizurar biskups, 145; staðrinn í Skálholti drúpti mjök eptir fráfall hins sæla Þorláks biskups, 301; drúpir Höfði dauðr er þengill, hlæja hlíðar við Hallsteini, Landn. 224 (in a verse): hnípði dróitt ok drúpði fold, Lex. Poët.; drúpir örn yfir, Gm. 10; Vinga meiðr ( the gallows) drúpir á nesi, Hlt.; en Skæreið í Skírings-sal of brynjálfs beinum drúpir, Ýt. 22; hans mun dráp um drúpa, dýrmennis mér kenna, Sighvat; knáttu hvarms af harmi hnúpgnípur mer d., my head drooped from grief, Eg. (in a verse); drúpðu dólgárar, the swords drooped (to drink blood), Hkm. 2: in mod. usage drjúpa and drúpa are confounded, aví, hve má eg aumr þræll, angraðr niðr drjúpa, Pass. 41. 4. -
17 leiðangr
(gen. -rs), m.1) levy, esp. by sea (including men, ships and money); bjóða út leiðangri, to levy men and ships for war (bjóða út leiðangri at mönnum ok vistum); hafa leiðangr úti, to make a sea expedition;2) war contribution, war tax.* * *m., the r is radical, [akin to leið; early Swed. lethunger; Dan. leding], an old Scandin. law term, a levy, esp. by sea, including men, ship, and money; bjóða út leiðangri, to levy men and ships for war, Eg. 31; bjóða út leiðangri at mönnum ok vistum, Fms. ix. 33; bjóða út leiðangri ok skipum, i. 12; hafa leiðangr úti, to make a sea expedition, Ó. H. 51; Ólafr konungr fór með liði sínu ok hafði leiðangr úti fyrir landi, 134; samna leiðangr ( sea forces), opp. to landherr ( land forces), O. H. L. 12: allit. phrases, lið ok leiðangr, Fms. viii. 334, O. H. L. 12, Fb. ii. 303: the proverb, róa leiðangrinn, ok gjalda leiðvítið, to pay the tax first, and the fine to boot (i. e. to pay twice over), Hkr. i. 200; rjúfa leiðangrinn, to break up, of the levies or crews breaking up and returning home, Fms. viii. 307, passim.2. war contributions, a fixed perpetual duty or tax payable to the king; this sense of the word is esp. freq. in the Norse as also Dan. and Swed. law of the 12th and 13th centuries; þeir tóku leiðangra ok allar konungs-skyldir, Fms. ix. 8, 347; þar tóku þeir Baglar leiðangr mikinn er Einarr hafði saman dregit um Rogaland, 12, 368; biskupar báðu at kardínallinn skyldi biðja konung, at hann gæfi nokkut af leiðöngrum til heilagrar kirkju, x. 121; hann hafði sent austr í Vik eptir landskyldurn sínum ok leiðangri til mála-gjafar, 482.COMPDS: leiðangrsfall, leiðangrsfar, leiðangrsferð, leiðangrsfólk, leiðangrsgörð, leiðangrslið, leiðangrsmaðr, leiðangrsskip, leiðangrsvist, leiðangrsvíti. -
18 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)Portugal joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949, as a founding member. Besides complementing the Atlantic orientation of Portugal's foreign and defense policies, this membership also supported the country's close relationship with two leading members of NATO, Great Britain and the United States. Portugal's slight contribution to NATO in the first decades after joining was conditioned mainly by the fact that Portugal's primary concern was in defending its colonial empire, Portuguese India (1954-61) and in conducting several colonial wars in its African empire in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau (1961-74). One contentious question during this phase of Portugal's membership was the extent to which Portugal used NATO-issued equipment to fight those wars in Africa and Asia, since several of these colonial territories were neither on the Atlantic nor in NATO's jurisdiction (Mozambique and Portuguese India).The perceived strategic value of Portugal's key Atlantic archipelagos, the Azores and Madeiras, constituted Portugal's primary contribution to NATO and neutralized any U.S. ambivalence about the question of Portugal's NATO membership. The usefulness of Azores' air and naval bases, especially Lajes base at Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island, Azores, along with bases in continental Portugal and in the Madeira Islands, trumped international criticism of Portugal's colonial action and influenced American policy toward Portugal. This remained the situation until after the Yom Kippur war, an Arab-Israeli conflict, in October 1973, when Portugal, despite the risks to her energy supplies, gave the United States permission to use Azores bases for resupplying Israel.The Revolution of 25 April 1974 had an impact on Portugal's relationship to NATO. Leftist forces in Portugal were now in command, and Portuguese NATO delegates did not attend highly sensitive NATO defense briefings. But by 1980, after moderate military forces had ousted the radical leftists, Portugal's NATO roles returned to the routing. One of NATO's major subordinate commands became IBERLANT (Iberian Atlantic Command), under SACLANT (Supreme Commander Atlantic), located at Norfolk, Virginia. IBERLANT is located at Oeiras, Portugal and, in 1982, the IBERLAND commander for the first time was a Portuguese Vice Admiral. That same year, Spain joined NATO and, until 1986, when Spain decided not to join NATO's integrated military structure, Portugal was anxious that Portuguese commanders not be subordinate to Spanish commanders in NATO. As a key leader of IBERLANT, along with the representative units of Great Britain and the United States, Portugal's forces remain responsible for surveillance and patrolling of the area from central Portugal to the straits of Gibraltar.Portugal has made symbolic if modest contributions to NATO's mission in the Balkan conflicts beginning in the late 1990s and in Afghanistan since 2001. Among Portugal's contributions has been the service of medical units in Afghanistan.Historical dictionary of Portugal > North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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19 Pousadas
Government-sponsored inns similar to Spain's paradores. In 1942, Portugal initiated a system of state-run inns, pousadas, housed in restored, historic castles, convents, manor houses, palaces, and monasteries. By 2008, this system included more than forty pousadas or inns in every region of the country and in the Azores Islands. Recently, the government-owned system came under the management of Pestana Hotels, a private group. Such tourist habitations with reasonable nightly rates have been in high demand and feature antique, period furnishings and restaurants with Portuguese cuisine. Most are located in or near towns or cities with other historic places and sites. A source of information for travelers is the official website, at www.pousadas.pt.Agueda Santo AntonioAlcácer Do Sal Dom Afonso IIAlijo Baráo de ForresterAlmeida Senhoras Das NevesAlvito Castelo De AlvitoAmares Sta. Maria Do BouroArraiolos N. Sra. Da AssuncaoBatalha Mestre De DominguesBeja São FranciscoBragança São BartolomeuCaramulo São JerónimoCondeixa-a-Nova Santa CristinaCrato Flor Da Rosa Elvas Santa Luzia Estremoz Rainha Santa Isabel Évora LoiosGeres/Canicada São Bento Guimarães N. Sa. Da Oliveira Guimarães Santa Marinha Marao São Goncalo Manteigas São Lourenco Marvao Santa Maria Miranda Do Douro Santa Catarina Monsanto Monsanto Murtosa/Aveiro Ria Obidos Castelo Palmela PalmelaPovoa Das Quartas Santa Barbara Queluz/Lisboa Dona Maria I Sagres InfanteSta. Clara-A-Velha Santa ClaraSantiago Do Cacem Quinta Da OrtigaSantiago Do Cacem São TiagoS. Pedro/Castelo De Bode São PedroSão Bras De Alportel São BrasSerpa São GensSetubal São FilipeSousel São MiguelTorrao Vale Do GaioValenca Do Minho São TeotónioViana Do Castelo Monte Santa LuziaV. Nova De Cerveira Dom DinisVila Vicosa Dom João IVAngra do Heroísmo (Terceira Island) Forte S. Sebastião Horta (Faial Island) Forte S. CruzThe history of displaying nativity scenes, portraying the birth of Christ in a manger, goes back in Catholic tradition at least to Christmas 1223, when Saint Francis of Assisi arranged a nativity scene with live figures in a town in Italy, but scholars confirm that this Christmas tradition in the arts is much older than the 13th century. Figurines depicting the Holy Family in nativity scenes were made of various materials, including wood, precious metals, and ceramics. In Portugal, an artistic tradition of making and displaying presepios in or near churches, chapels, and cathedrals reached its zenith in the arts in the 18th century during the long reign of King João V (1706-50). In the Baroque era, an artistic tradition that arrived somewhat late in Portugal, the most celebrated and talented of the nativity scene artists was the 18th-century Coimbra sculptor, Joaquim Machado de Castro (1751/2-1822), but there were other great artists in this field as well. The 18th century's most celebrated sculptor, Machado de Castro created the famous equestrian bronze statue of King José I, in Commerce Square, Lisbon. During the time of Machado de Castro's time, the ceramic nativity scene comprised of large figures and elaborate scenery became a cult, and many nativity scenes were made.Today, many of these historic artistic creations, with a strong basis in Christian tradition, can be viewed in various Portuguese museums, palaces, and churches. Some of the most famous larger nativity scenes, including those lovingly created by Machado de Castro of Coimbra, are found on display at Christmas and other times in the Estrela Basilica, the Palace of Necessidades, the Palace of Queluz, the Church of Madre de Deus, the Cathedral in Lisbon, and in other religious or museum buildings in Lisbon, Oporto, and other towns in Portugal. The ceramic nativity scene is not only sacred art but also evolved as folk and now tourist art, as Portuguese nativity scenes, with figures smaller than in the Baroque treasures on display of Machado de Castro, are for sale in a number of stores, as well as in some churches in Lisbon, Oporto, Estremoz, Évora, and other cities. The styles of the nativity scenes vary by region, by town, and by artist, and many include not only sacred figures of the story of the birth of Christ but also traditional, rural, folk figurines depicting Portuguese rural occupations from the 18th and 19th century, as well as figures from stories from the Bible. The ceramic materials of which these figures of varying sizes are made include variations of terracotta. -
20 INTRODUCTION
For a small country perched on the edge of western Europe but with an early history that began more than 2,000 years ago, there is a vast bibliography extant in many languages. Since general reference works with bibliography on Portugal are few, both principal and minor works are included. In the first edition, works in English, and a variety of Portuguese language works that are counted as significant if not always classic, were included. In the second and third editions, more works in Portuguese are added.It is appropriate that most of the works cited in some sections of the bibliograpy are in English, but this pattern should be put in historical perspective. Since the late 1950s, the larger proportion of foreign-language works on Portugal and the Portuguese have been in English. But this was not the case before World War II. As a whole, there were more studies in French, with a smaller number in German, Italian, and Spanish, than in English. Most of the materials published today on all aspects of this topic continue to be in Portuguese, but English-language works have come to outnumber the other non-Portuguese language studies. In addition to books useful to a variety of students, a selection of classic works of use to the visitor, tourist, and foreign resident of Portugal, as well as to those interested in Portuguese communities overseas, have been included.Readers will note that publishers' names are omitted from some Portuguese citations as well as from a number of French works. There are several reasons for this. First, in many of the older sources, publishers no longer exist and are difficult to trace. Second, the names of the publishers have been changed in some cases and are also difficult to trace. Third, in many older books and periodicals, printers' names but not publishers were cited, and identifying the publishers is virtually impossible.Some recommended classic titles for beginners are in historical studies: José Hermano Saraiva, Portugal: A Companion History (1997); A. H. de Oliveira Marques, History of Portugal (1976 ed.), general country studies in two different historical eras: Sarah Bradford, Portugal (1973) and Marion Kaplan, The Portuguese: The Land and Its People (2002 and later editions); political histories, Antônio de Figueiredo, Portugal: Fifty Years of Dictatorship (1975) and Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926) (1978; 1998). On Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974 and contemporary history and politics: Kenneth Maxwell, The Making of Portuguese Democracy (1995); Phil Mailer, The Impossible Revolution (1977); Richard A. H. Robinson, Contemporary Portugal: A History (1979); Lawrence S. Graham and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.), In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences (1983); Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler (eds.), Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and its Antecedents (1979). On contemporary Portuguese society, see Antonio Costa Pinto (ed.), Contemporary Portugal: Politics, Society, Culture (2003).Enduring works on the history of Portugal's overseas empire include: C. R. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825 (1969 and later editions); and Bailey W. Diffie and George Winius, The Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580 (1977); on Portugal and the Age of Discoveries: Charles Ley (ed.), Portuguese Voyages 1498-1663 (2003). For a new portrait of the country's most celebrated figure of the Age of Discoveries, see Peter Russell, Prince Henry 'The Navigator': A Life (2000). A still useful geographical study about a popular tourist region is Dan Stanislawski's Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve (1963). A fine introduction to a region of rural southern Portugal is José Cutileiro's A Portuguese Rural Society (1971).Early travel account classics are Almeida Garrett, Travels in My Homeland (1987) and William Beckford, Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha (1969 and later editions). On travel and living in Portugal, see Susan Lowndes Marques and Ann Bridge, The Selective Traveller in Portugal (1968 and later editions); David Wright and Patrick Swift, Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide (1968 and later editions); Sam Ballard and Jane Ballard, Pousadas of Portugal (1986); Richard Hewitt, A Cottage in Portugal (1996);Ian Robertson, Portugal: The Blue Guide (1988 and later editions); and Anne de Stoop, Living in Portugal (1995). Fine reads on some colorful, foreign travellers in Portugal are found in Rose Macauley, They Went to Portugal (1946 and later editions) and They Went to Portugal Too (1990). An attractive blend of historical musing and current Portugal is found in Paul Hyland's, Backing Out of the Big World: Voyage to Portugal (1996); Datus Proper's The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal (1992); and Portugal's 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, José Sarmago, writes in Journey through Portugal (2001).For aspects of Portuguese literature in translation, see Aubrey F. G. Bell, The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse (1952 edition by B. Vidigal); José Maria Eça de Queirós, The Maias (2007 and earlier editions); and José Sara-mago's Baltasar and Blimunda (1985 and later editions), as well as many other novels by this, Portugal's most celebrated living novelist. See also Landeg White's recent translation of the national 16th century epic of Luis de Camóes, The Lusiads (1997). A classic portrait of the arts in Portugal during the country's imperial age is Robert C. Smith's The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800 (1968).For those who plan to conduct research in Portugal, the premier collection of printed books, periodicals, and manuscripts is housed in the country's national library, the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, in Lisbon. Other important collections are found in the libraries of the major universities in Coimbra, Lisbon, and Oporto, and in a number of foundations and societies. For the history of the former colonial empire, the best collection of printed materials remains in the library of Lisbon's historic Geography Society, the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Lisbon; and for documents there is the state-run colonial archives, the Arquivo Historico Ultramarino, in Restelo, near Lisbon. Other government records are deposited in official archives, such as those for foreign relations in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, housed in Necessidades Palace, Lisbon.For researchers in North America, the best collections of printed materials on Portugal are housed in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; New York Public Library, New York City; Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois; and in university libraries including those of Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Brown, Indiana, Illinois, University of California at Los Angeles, University of California - Berkeley, University of California - Santa Barbara, Stanford, Florida State, Duke, University of New Hampshire, Durham, University of Toronto, University of Ottawa, McGill, and University of British Columbia. Records dealing with Portuguese affairs are found in U.S. government archives, including, for instance, those in the National Archives and Record Service (NARS), housed in Washington, D.C.BIBLIOGRAPHIES■ Academia Portuguesa de História. Guia Bibliográfica Histórica Portuguesa. Vol. I-?. Lisbon, 1954-.■ Anselmo, Antônio Joaquim. Bibliografia das bibliografias portuguesas. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional, 1923.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Portuguese Bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.■ Borchardt, Paul. La Bibliographie de l'Angola, 1500-1900. Brussels, 1912. Chilcote, Ronald H., ed. and comp. The Portuguese Revolution of 25 April 1974. Annotated bibliography on the antecedents and aftermath. Coimbra: Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, Universidade de Coimbra, 1987. Cintra, Maria Adelaide Valle. Bibliografia de textos medievais portugueses. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filolôgicos, 1960.■ Costa, Mário. Bibliografia Geral de Moçambique. Lisbon, 1945. Coutinho, Bernardo Xavier da Costa. Bibliographie franco-portugaise: Essai d'une bibliographie chronologique de livres français sur le Portugal. Oporto: Lopes da Silva, 1939.■ Diffie, Bailey W. "A Bibliography of the Principal Published Guides to Portuguese Archives and Libraries," Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Luso-Brazilian Studies. Nashville, Tenn., 1953. Gallagher, Tom. Dictatorial Portugal, 1926-1974: A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1979.■ Gibson, Mary Jane. Portuguese Africa: A Guide to Official Publications. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1967. Greenlee, William B. "A Descriptive Bibliography of the History of Portugal." Hispanic American Historical Review XX (August 1940): 491-516. Gulbenkian, Fundação Calouste. Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira. Vol. 1-15. Lisbon, 1960-74.■ Instituto Camoes. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade De Coimbra. Repertorio Bibliografico da Historiografia Portuguesa ( 1974-1994). Coimbra:■ Instituto Camoes; Universidade de Coimbra, 1995. Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar. Bibliografia Da Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar Sobre Ciências Humanas E Sociais. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar, 1975. Kettenring, Norman E., comp. A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations on Portuguese Topics Completed in the United States and Canada, 1861-1983.■ Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1984. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.■ Laidlar, John. Lisbon. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 199. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1997.. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71, rev. ed. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 2000.■ Lomax, William. Revolution in Portugal: 1974-1976. A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1978.■ McCarthy, Joseph M. Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands: A Comprehensive Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1977.■ Moniz, Miguel. Azores. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 221. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1999.■ Nunes, José Lúcio, and José Júlio Gonçalves. Bibliografia Histórico-Militar do Ultramar Portugües. Lisbon, 1956. Pélissier, René. Bibliographies sur l'Afrique Luso-Hispanophone 1800-1890.■ Orgeval, France: 1980. Portuguese Studies. London. 1984-. Annual.■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. No. 1-23 (1976-90). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Studies Review. Vols. 1-9 (1991-2001). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semi-Annual.. Vols. 10- (2002-). Durham, N.H.: Trent University; Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.■ Rocha, Natércia. Bibliografia geral da Literatura Portuguesa para Crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.■ Rogers, Francis Millet, and David T. Haberly. Brazil, Portugal and Other Portuguese-Speaking Lands: A List of Books Primarily in English. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.■ Santos, Manuel dos. Bibliografia geral ou descrição bibliográfica de livros tantos de autores portugueses como brasileiros e muitos outras nacionalidades, impressos desde o século XV até à actualidade, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1914-25.■ Silva, J. Donald. A Bibliography on the Madeira Islands. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1987.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and G. Lavigne. Os portugueses no Canadá: Uma bibliografia ( 1953-1996). Lisbon: Direção-Geral dos Assuntos Consulares e Comunidades Portuguesas, 1998.■ University of Coimbra, Faculty of Letters. Bibliografia Anual de História de Portugal. Vol. 1. [sources published beginning in 1989- ] Coimbra: Grupo de História; Faculdade de Letras; Universidade de Coimbra, 1992-.■ Unwin, P. T. H., comp. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71. Oxford, U.K.: ABC-Clio Press, 1987.■ Viera, David J., et al., comp. The Portuguese in the United States ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1990.■ Welsh, Doris Varner, comp. A Catalogue of the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portuguese History and Literature and the Portuguese Materials in the Newberry Library. Chicago: Newberry Library, 1953.■ Wiarda, Iêda Siqueira, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Washington, D.C.: Xlibris, 2000.■ Wilgus, A. Curtis. Latin America, Spain & Portugal: A Selected & Annotated Bibliographical Guide to Books Published 1954-1974. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1977.■ Winius, George. "Bibliographical Essay: A Treasury of Printed Source Materials Pertaining to the XV and XVI Centuries." In George Winius, ed., Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World, 1300-ca. 1600, 373-401. Madison, Wis.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.■ PERIODICALS RELATING TO PORTUGAL■ Africana. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Africa Report. New York. Monthly or bimonthly.■ Africa Today. Denver, Colo. Quarterly.■ Agenda Cultural. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Almanaque do Exército. Lisbon, 1912-40.■ American Historical Review. Washington, D.C. Quarterly.■ Anais da Académia Portuguesa da História. Lisbon.■ Anais das Bibliotecas e Arquivos. Lisbon. Annual.■ Análise do sector público administrativo e empresarial. Lisbon. Quarterly. Análise Social. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Anglo-Portuguese News. Monte Estoril and Lisbon. 1937-2003. Biweekly and weekly.■ Antropológicas. Oporto. 1998-. Semiannual. Anuário Católico de Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.■ Archipélago. Revista do Instituto Universitário dos Açores. Punta Delgado. Semiannual. Architectural Digest. New York. Monthly. Archivum. Paris. Quarterly. Arqueologia. Oporto. Annual.■ Arqueólogo Portugües, O. Lisbon. 1958-. Semiannual Arquivo das Colónias. Lisbon. 1917-33. Arquivo de Beja. Beja. Annual. Arquivo Histórico Portuguez. Lisbon.■ Arquivos da Memória. Lisbon. 1997-. Semiannual.■ Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües [Fundação Gulbenkian, Paris]. Paris. Annual.■ Boletim da Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa. Lisbon. Boletim da Agência Geral das Colónias. Lisbon.■ Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon Quarterly; Bimonthly.■ Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal. Oporto. Annual.■ Boletim de Estudos Operários. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Boletim do Arquivo Histórico Militar. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Azores Islands. Semiannual. Boletim Geral do Ultramar. Lisbon. Bracara Augusta. Braga. Brigantia. Lisbon. 1990-. Semiannual.■ British Bulletin of Publications on Latin America... Portugal and Spain. London. 1949-. Semiannual. British Historical Society of Portugal. Annual Report and Review. Lisbon. Brotéria. Lisbon. Quarterly. Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises. Paris. Quarterly.■ Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises et de l'Institut Français au Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.■ Cadernos de Arqueologia. Braga. Semiannual and annual. Monographs.■ Cadernos do Noroeste. Braga, University of Minho. Semiannual.■ Camões Center Quarterly. New York.■ Capital, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Clio. Lisbon. 1996-. Annual.■ Clio-Arqueologia. Lisbon. 1983-. Annual.■ Conimbriga. Coimbra.■ Cultura. London. Quarterly.■ Democracia e Liberdade. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Dia, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Diário da Assembleia Nacional e Constituente. Lisbon. 1911.■ Diário da Câmara de Deputados. Lisbon. 1911-26.■ Diário de Lisboa. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Diário de Notícias. Lisbon. Daily newspaper of record.■ Diário do Governo. Lisbon. 1910-74.■ Diário do Senado. Lisbon. 1911-26.■ Documentos. Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ E-Journal of Portuguese History. Providence, R.I. Quarterly.■ Economia. Lisbon. 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Semiannual.■ Portuguese Times. New Bedford, Mass. Weekly newspaper.■ Povo Livre. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Primeiro do Janeiro. Oporto. Daily newspaper.■ Quaderni Portoghesi. Rome. 1974-. Semiannual.■ Race. A Journal of Race and Group Relations. London. Quarterly.■ Recherches en Anthropologie au Portugal. Paris. 1995-. Annual.■ República, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ Revista da Biblioteca Nacional. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Lisbon. Quarterly. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista da Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Quarterly. Revista de Ciência Política. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Ciências Agrárias. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Economia. Lisbon. 1953-. Three times a year. Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses. Lisbon. Annual. Revista de Estudos Históricos. Rio de Janeiro. Semiannual. Revista de Guimarães. 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См. также в других словарях:
Angra — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Angra Información personal Origen São Paulo, Brasil … Wikipedia Español
Angra — may mean: * Angra Mainyu, The devil (or more accurately the embodiment of evil) in the Zoroastrian faith * Angra (Azores) or Angra do Heroísmo , a municipality in the Azores * Angra (band), a Brazilian progressive power metal band * Angra dos… … Wikipedia
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Angra — • The episcopal see of the Azores, suffragan of Lisbon Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Angra Angra † … Catholic encyclopedia
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Angra — do Heroismo, feste Hauptstadt der portug. Azoren, auf Terceira, (1900) 10.788 E … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
angra — s. f. Baía pequena. = CALHETA ‣ Etimologia: latim tardio angra, ae, espaço entre duas árvores … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
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Angra — Angra, 1) (St. A.), Insel, so v.w. Hindischan; 2) Stadt auf der Azorischen Insel Terceira, Sitz des Generalgouverneurs u. Bischofs; Hafen; 13,000 Ew.; 3) Fluß u. Hafen auf der Wüsten Küste; 4) Bai in der Provinz Rio Janeiro (Brasilien); 5) (A.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
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