Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

and+historical

  • 61 the journal is concerned with the history of all aspects of the mathematical sciences in all parts of the world and all historical periods

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the journal is concerned with the history of all aspects of the mathematical sciences in all parts of the world and all historical periods

  • 62 Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve

    Парк в окрестностях г. Нового Орлеана, шт. Луизиана, включающий природные и исторические памятники дельты р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River]. Состоит из трех основных частей:
    1) зона Шалметта [Chalmette Unit] - место победы американцев в сражении за Новый Орлеан [ New Orleans, Battle of] (1815) во время Войны 1812 [ War of 1812] и Национальное кладбище Шалметт [Chalmette National Cemetery]
    2) Французский квартал [ Vieux Carre] с частью исторических памятников г. Нового Орлеана, прилегающих к Джексон-скуэр [ Jackson Square]
    3) Зона Баратарии [Barataria Unit], включенная в парк с целью сохранения экологии заболоченной лагуны залива Баратария [ Barataria Bay] южнее Нового Орлеана. Общая площадь - около 8 тыс. га

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve

  • 63 illicit traffic in archeological, historical and artistic objects

    незаконная торговля предметами, имеющими археологическую, историческую или художественную ценность

    Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > illicit traffic in archeological, historical and artistic objects

  • 64 Ancient historical monuments and records

    பழம் வரலாற்றுச் சின்னங்களும் பதிவுகளும்

    English-Tamil dictionary > Ancient historical monuments and records

  • 65 ancient historical monuments and records

    பண்டைய வரலாற்று நினைவுச் சின்னங்களும் பதிவுருக்களும்

    English-Tamil dictionary > ancient historical monuments and records

  • 66 Couto, Diogo do

    (1542-1616)
       Soldier and historical chronicler of the Asian empire, Do Couto left Portugal at age 15 and shipped out to Portuguese India as a soldier. In 1570, in the company of the soldier-poet Luís de Camões, he returned to Lisbon. He returned to India the following year and later was given the assignment of historical chronicler, with the mission of completing João De Barros's Da Asia. Fascinated by the exotic nature of Asia and its peoples, Do Couto was a worthy successor of De Barros, completing 12 "decades" of the History De Barros, of which the 11th "decade" is lost. Another work, Diálogo do Soldado Prático, provides a detailed commentary on the vices of Portugal's empire and rule in Asia in his day, as well as on the decadence of that empire. His trenchant views on the situation in Portuguese Asia include a call for justice, fair administration, and a restoration of the grandeur of the pre-Portuguese Indian empires.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Couto, Diogo do

  • 67 IOC marks

    1. знаки МОК

     

    знаки МОК
    Олимпийский символ, исторические знаки и рисунки предшествующих Олимпийских игр, различные изображения из архивных материалов МОК, обозначения МОК и любые другие изображения, логотипы или интеллектуальная собственность МОК.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    IOC marks
    Olympic symbol, the historical marks and historical poster designs of prior Olympic Games, other designs from IOC archival materials, IOC designations and any other design, logo or intellectual property right of the IOC.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > IOC marks

  • 68 Philosophy

       And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)
       Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)
       As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)
       It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)
       Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)
       I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)
       What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.
       This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).
       The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....
       Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)
       8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
       In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)
       Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....
       Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)
       In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy

  • 69 Art

       Portugal did not produce an artist of sufficient ability to gain recognition outside the country until the 19th century. Domingos Antônio Segueira (1768-1837) became well known in Europe for his allegorical religious and historical paintings in a neoclassical style. Portuguese painting during the 19th century emphasized naturalism and did not keep abreast of artistic innovations being made in other European countries. Portugal's best painters lived abroad especially in France. The most successful was Amadeo Souza- Cardoso who, while living in Paris, worked with the modernists Modigliani, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris. Souza-Cardoso introduced modernism into Portuguese painting in the early 20th century. A sustained modernist movement did not develop in Portugal, however. Naturalism remained the dominant school, and Portugal remained isolated from international artistic trends, owing to Portugal's conservative artistic climate, which prevented new forms of art from taking root, and the lack of support from an artistically sophisticated, art-buying elite supported by a system of galleries and foundations.
       Interestingly, it was during the conservative Estado Novo that modernism began to take root in Portugal. As Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar's secretary for national propaganda, Antônio Ferro, a writer, journalist, and cultural leader who admired Mussolini, encouraged the government to allow modern artists to create the heroic imagery of the Estado Novo following the Italian model that linked fascism with futurism. The most important Portuguese artist of this period was Almada Negreiros, who did the murals on the walls of the legendary café A Brasileira in the Chiado district of Lisbon, the paintings at the Exposition of the Portuguese World (1940), and murals at the Lisbon docks. Other artists of note during this period included Mário Eloy (1900-51), who was trained in Germany and influenced by George Grosz and Otto Dix; Domingos Alvarez (1906-42); and Antônio Pedro (1909-66).
       During the 1950s, the Estado Novo ceased to encourage artists to collaborate, as Portuguese artists became more critical of the regime. The return to Portugal of Antônio Pedro in 1947 led to the emergence of a school of geometric abstract painting in Oporto and the reawakening of surrealism. The art deco styles of the 1930s gave way to surrealism and abstract expression.
       In the 1960s, links between Portugal's artistic community and the international art world strengthened. Conscription for the wars against the nationalist insurgencies in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau (1961-75) resulted in a massive exodus of Portugal's avante-garde artists to Europe to avoid military service. While abroad, artists such as Joaquin Rodrigo (1912-93), Paula Rego (1935-), João Cutileiro (1947-), and others forged links with British, French, Italian, and Spanish artistic communities.
       The Revolution of 25 April 1974 created a crisis for Portugal's artists. The market for works of art collapsed as left-wing governments, claiming that they had more important things to do (eliminate poverty, improve education), withdrew support for the arts. Artists declared their talents to be at the "service of the people," and a brief period of socialist realism prevailed. With the return of political stability and moderate governments during the 1980s, Portugal's commercial art scene revived, and a new period of creativity began. Disenchantment with the socialist realism (utopianism) of the Revolution and a deepening of individualism began to be expressed by Portuguese artists. Investment in the arts became a means of demonstrating one's wealth and social status, and an unprecedented number of art galleries opened, art auctions were held, and a new generation of artists became internationally recognized. In 1984, a museum of modern art was built by the Gulbenkian Foundation adjacent to its offices on the Avenida de Berna in Lisbon. A national museum of modern art was finally built in Oporto in 1988.
       In the 1980s, Portugal's new generation of painters blended post-conceptualism and subjectivism, as well as a tendency toward decon-structionism/reconstructionism, in their work. Artists such as Cabrita Reis (1956-), Pedro Calapez (1953-), José Pedro Croft (1957-), Rui Sanches (1955-), and José de Guimarães (1949-) gained international recognition during this period. Guimarães crosses African art themes with Western art; Sarmento invokes images of film, culture, photography, American erotica, and pulp fiction toward sex, violence, and pleasure; Reis evolved from a painter to a maker of installation artist using chipboard, plaster, cloth, glass, and electrical and plumbing materials.
       From the end of the 20th century and during the early years of the 21st century, Portugal's art scene has been in a state of crisis brought on by a declining art trade and a withdrawal of financial support by conservative governments. Although not as serious as the collapse of the 1970s, the current situation has divided the Portuguese artistic community between those, such as Cerveira Pito and Leonel Moura, who advocate a return to using primitive, strongly textured techniques and others such as João Paulo Feliciano (1963-), who paint constructivist works that poke fun at the relationship between art, money, society, and the creative process. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the factors that have prevented Portuguese art from achieving and sustaining international recognition (the absence of a strong art market, depending too much on official state support, and the individualistic nature of Portuguese art production) are still to be overcome.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Art

  • 70 Article 44

    1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the freedom of literary, artistic, scientific, technical and other types of creative activity, and teaching. Intellectual property shall be protected by law.
    2. Everyone shall have the right to participate in cultural life and use cultural establishments and to an access to cultural values. 3. Everyone shall be obliged to care for the preservation of cultural and historical heritage and protect monuments of history and culture. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 44[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 44[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 44[/ref]>

    The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 44

  • 71 landscape planning

    1. планирование ландшафта

     

    планирование ландшафта
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    landscape planning
    The aspect of the land use planning process that deals with physical, biological, aesthetic, cultural, and historical values and with the relationships and planning between these values, land uses, and the environment. (Source: UNUN)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > landscape planning

  • 72 Nehemiab

    Религия: Нехемья, (A Jewish leader of the 5th century ВС who supervised the rebuilding of the Jerusalem city walls and instituted religious reforms in the city) Неемия, (A narrative and historical book of canonical Jewish and Christian Scripture) "Книга Неемии"

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Nehemiab

  • 73 department

    відомство, департамент, управління, міністерство; військовий округ; кафедра; відділ, відділення

    department of control over protection and use of cultural and historical monuments — управління державного контролю по захисту і використанню культурних та історичних пам'яток

    - department head
    - Department of Agriculture
    - department of an institution
    - Department of Commerce
    - department of corrections
    - Department of Defense
    - Department of Education
    - Department of Energy
    - department of government
    - department of internal affairs
    - Department of Justice
    - Department of Labor
    - department of military crimes
    - department of ministry
    - Department of State
    - Department of the Interior
    - Department of the Navy
    - Department of the Treasury
    - Department of Transportation
    - department post
    - Department of Veteran Affairs

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > department

  • 74 Book of Judges

    Религия: "Судьи", "Шофтим", (A narrative and historical book of Jewish and Christian Scripture, the third of the series of five books that reflect the theological viewpoint of the Deuteronomic historian) "Книга Судей Израилевых"

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Book of Judges

  • 75 Second Book of the Kings

    1) Религия: "Вторая книга царей", Вторая книга "Мелахим", (Narrative and historical book of canonical Jewish and Christian Scripture) "Четвёртая книга Царств"
    2) Библия: (the) Четвёртая книга Царств

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Second Book of the Kings

  • 76 First Book of the Kings

    1) Религия: (Narrative and historical book of canonical Jewish and Christian Scripture) "Третья книга Царств"
    2) Библия: (the) Третья книга Царств

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > First Book of the Kings

  • 77 with one's nose at (or to) the grindstone

       зaнятый тяжёлoй, нуднoй paбoтoй, paбoтaющий дo изнeмoжeния With their noses to the grindstone in Sofia, they were still routing their guests to the beauty spots and historical monuments of Bulgaria (New World Review). The clerks, with their noses at the grindstone, and her father somber in the dingy room, working hard too in his way (M. Oliphant)

    Concise English-Russian phrasebook > with one's nose at (or to) the grindstone

  • 78 CHAD

    1) Военный термин: Charleston Army depot
    2) Шутливое выражение: Chapel Hill Alternative Dude

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CHAD

  • 79 CHANCES

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CHANCES

  • 80 Chad

    1) Военный термин: Charleston Army depot
    2) Шутливое выражение: Chapel Hill Alternative Dude

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Chad

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Cultural and historical background of Jesus — Scholars examine the cultural and historical background of Jesus in order to better understand Jesus, his ministry, and the origins of Christianity. This examination treats the New Testament as one of many documents, written and perhaps later… …   Wikipedia

  • Danbury Museum and Historical Society — The John Rider House, part of the main campus of the DMHS The Danbury Museum and Historical Society is a private museum located in Danbury, Connecticut, the purpose of which is to acquire, preserve, exhibit, and interpret the heritage of the… …   Wikipedia

  • The Pioneer and Historical Society of Muskingum County — is an organization located in Zanesville, Ohio, which is operated with the intention of preserving the history of the Zanesville and Muskingum County region of Ohio. It is a non profit entity which operates several important historic sites in and …   Wikipedia

  • Dialectical and Historical Materialism — Joseph Stalin s Dialectical and Historical Materialism is a central text within Soviet political theory. The work first appeared in 1938, and draws heavily upon both Lenin s philosophical works, and the then new Short Course in the History of the …   Wikipedia

  • Duxbury Rural and Historical Society — Type Educational charitable corporation Founded 1883 Location Duxbury, Massachusetts …   Wikipedia

  • Miners Way and Historical Trail — Length 118 km (73 mi)[1] Location Counties Leitrim, Roscommon Sligo, Ireland Designation National Waymarked Trail[1] …   Wikipedia

  • Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland — The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) is an executive non departmental public body financed by the Scottish Parliament through the Architecture Policy Unit of the Scottish Government.The RCAHMS is… …   Wikipedia

  • Indiana State Library and Historical Building — Infobox nrhp | name =Indiana State Library and Historical Building nrhp type = caption = location= Indianapolis, Indiana lat degrees = 39 | lat minutes = 46 | lat seconds = 10.55 | lat direction = N long degrees = 86 | long minutes = 9 | long… …   Wikipedia

  • New Haven Museum and Historical Society — Coordinates: 41°18′50″N 72°55′19″W / 41.31395°N 72.92185°W / 41.31395; 72.92185 …   Wikipedia

  • Martello Gallery-Key West Art and Historical Museum — U.S. National Register of Historic Places …   Wikipedia

  • Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society — The Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society (OAHS) has existed in one form or another since at least 1839, although with its current name only since 1972.[1] Its annual publication Oxoniensia has been produced since 1936. Contents 1… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»