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ancient+art

  • 121 primitive

    1. n первобытный человек
    2. n примитивная личность
    3. n древний христианин
    4. n основной цвет
    5. n иск. примитив

    primitive component — примитив; базисный элемент

    primitive block — элементарный компонент; примитив

    6. n иск. примитивист
    7. n иск. художник-самоучка
    8. n иск. мат. первообразная функция
    9. n иск. лингв. редк. коренное слово
    10. n иск. вчт. базисный, простейший элемент графического изображения
    11. a первобытный
    12. a примитивный, простой, несложный
    13. a иск. примитивистский, примитивный
    14. a не обученный
    15. a первичный; основной
    16. a мат. исходный

    primitive symbol — исходный символ; символ-примитив

    17. a мат. первообразный
    18. a лингв. редк. коренной, непроизводный
    19. a старомодный
    20. a геол. первозданный

    primitive soil — целинная земля; девственная почва

    21. a биол. примордиальный, зародышевый, зачаточный
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. aboriginal (adj.) aboriginal; native; primeval
    2. ancient (adj.) ancient; antediluvian; beginning; early; elementary; first; introductory; original; prehistoric; primal; primary; prime; primevous; primitial; primordial; underivative; underived
    3. archaic (adj.) archaic; persistent; undeveloped; unevolved
    4. ascetic (adj.) ascetic; austere; bare
    5. backward (adj.) backward; benighted; ignorant; unenlightened
    6. crude (adj.) crude; uncultivated; unsophisticated
    7. essential (adj.) basic; elemental; essential; substratal; ultimate; underlying
    8. nonliterate (adj.) nonliterate; preliterate
    9. raw (adj.) raw; rough; rude; unpolished
    10. simple (adj.) fundamental; rudimentary; simple; Spartan
    11. uncivilized (adj.) quaint; uncivilised; uncivilized; uncouth; uncultured; untamed
    12. wild (adj.) barbarian; barbaric; barbarous; savage; uncivil; wild
    13. antediluvian (noun) antediluvian; barbarian; neanderthal; savage
    Антонимический ряд:
    advanced; cultured; modern; modish; refined; secondary; sophisticated

    English-Russian base dictionary > primitive

  • 122 Equestrianism

       Equestrianism or Equitation has an ancient tradition in Portugal. Although today this sport of horseback riding, which is related to the art and science of horse breeding, is a peaceful activity, for centuries Portugal's use of the horse in cavalry was closely associated with war. Beginning in the 18th century, the activity became connected to bull- fighting. In war, the Portuguese used horse cavalry longer than most other European nations. While most armies gave up the horse for mechanized cavalry or tanks after World War I, Portugal was reluctant to change this tradition. Oddly, Portugal used a specialized form of cavalry in combat as late as 1969-1971, in Angola, a colony of Portugal until 1975. Portugal's army in Angola, engaged in a war with Angolan nationalist forces, employed the so-called "Dragoons," a specialized cavalry in rural areas, until 1971, a case perhaps of the last use of cavalry in modern warfare.
       Soccer, or futebol, is Portugal's favorite mass sport today, but equestrianism retains a special place in sports as a now democratized, if somewhat elite, sport for both Portuguese and visiting foreign riders. As of 1900, equestrianism was still the sport of royalty and aristocracy, but in the 21st century persons from all classes and groups enjoy it. The sport now features the unique Lusitano breed of horse, which evolved from earlier breeds of Iberian ponies and horses. Touring equestrianism recently has become an activity of niche tourism, and it is complemented by international competitive riding. Following the early 20th century, when the Olympics were revived, Portuguese competitors have excelled not only in sailing, field hockey on roller-skates, rowing, and marksmanship, but also in equestrianism. Notable Portuguese riders were medal winners in summer Olympics such as those of 1948 and 1988. This sport is engaged in primarily if not exclusively in regions with a history of horse breeding, riding, and cattle herding, in Ribatejo and Alentejo provinces, and has featured career military participants.
       Portuguese equestrianism, including the use of horses in bull-fighting, hunting, and other forms of sport, as well as in horse cavalry in war, was long associated with the lifestyles of royalty and the nobility. The use of traditional, Baroque riding gear and garb in competitive riding, instruction, and bull-fighting reflects such a tradition. Riders in bull-fighting or in exhibitions wear 18th-century male costumes that include a tricornered hat, long frock coats, breeches, stockings, and buckled shoes. The Ribatejo "cowboy" or riding herder wears the regional costume of a green and red cap, red tunic, white breeches and stockings, Portuguese bridles, and chaps sometimes made of olive leaves.
       Although their prestigious classical riding academy remains less well known than the famous Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Portugal has preserved the ancient tradition of a classical riding school in its Royal School of Portuguese Equestrian Arts, at Queluz, not far from the National Palace of Queluz, a miniature Portuguese Versailles, with a hall of mirrors, tiled garden, and canal. One of the great riding masters and trainers was the late Nuno Oliveira (1925-89), whose work generated a worldwide network of students and followers and who published classic riding manuals. Oliveira's widely admired method of instruction was to bring about a perfect harmony of action between horse and rider, an inspiration to new generations of riders.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Equestrianism

  • 123 Adam, Robert

    [br]
    b. 3 July 1728 Kirkcaldy, Scotland
    d. 3 March 1792 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish architect, active mostly in England, who led the neo-classical movement between 1760 and 1790.
    [br]
    Robert Adam was a man of outstanding talent, immense energy dedicated to his profession, and of great originality, who utilized all sources of classical art from ancient Greece and Rome as well as from the Renaissance and Baroque eras in Italy. He was also a very practical exponent of neo-classicism and believed in using the latest techniques to produce fine craftsmanship.
    Of particular interest to him was stucco, the material needed for elegant, finely crafted ceiling and wall designs. Stucco, though the Italian word for plaster, refers architecturally to a specific form of the material. Known as Stucco duro (hard plaster), its use and composition dates from the days of ancient Rome. Giovanni da Udine, a pupil of Raphael, having discovered some fine stucco antico in the ruins of the Palace of Titus in Rome, carried out extensive research during the Italian Renaissance in order to discover its precise composition; it was a mixture of powdered crystalline limestone (travertine), river sand, water and powdered white marble. The marble produced an exceptionally hard stucco when set, thereby differentiating it from plaster-work, and was a material fine enough to make delicate relief and statuary work possible.
    In the 1770s Robert Adam's ceiling and wall designs were characterized by low-relief, delicate, classical forms. He and his brothers, who formed the firm of Adam Brothers, were interested in a stucco which would be especially fine grained and hard setting. A number of new products then appearing on the market were easier to handle than earlier ones. These included a stucco by Mr David Wark, patented in 1765, and another by a Swiss clergyman called Liardet in 1773; the Adam firm purchased both patents and obtained an Act of Parliament authorizing them to be the sole vendors and makers of this stucco, which they called "Adam's new invented patent stucco". More new versions appeared, among which was one by a Mr Johnson, who claimed it to be an improvement. The Adam Brothers, having paid a high price for their rights, took him to court. The case was decided in 1778 by Lord Mansfield, a fellow Scot and a patron (at Kenwood), who,
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the Society of Arts 1758. FRS 1761. Architect to the King's Works 1761.
    Bibliography
    1764, Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro.
    1773, Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam.
    Further Reading
    A.T.Bolton, 1922, The Architecture of Robert and James Adam, 1758–1794, 2 vols, Country Life.
    J.Fleming, 1962, Robert Adam and his Circle, Murray. J.Lees-Milne, 1947, The Age of Adam, Batsford.
    J.Rykwert and A.Rykwert, 1985, The Brothers Adam, Collins. D.Yarwood, 1970, Robert Adam, Dent.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Adam, Robert

  • 124 опираться

    1) General subject: abut (on, upon), base oneself upon, bear, drape, found (о доводах и т. п.), hang upon, lean, lean on (на кого-л., что-л.), perch, recline, recline against (на что-л.), rely, rest, take stand, recline against (откидываться, наваливаться, на что-л.)
    2) Obsolete: (upon) center, centre
    4) Construction: bear against
    6) Automobile industry: seat
    7) Diplomatic term: rest (на что-л.), rest on (на что-л.)
    8) Art: draw upon (These classic examples of Egyptian metal art draw upon the artistic traditions of ancient Egypt. - опираются на)
    9) Astronautics: base
    10) Food industry: rest (покоиться)
    11) Business: rely on
    12) Makarov: be carried ( by) (о валах, колёсах и т.п.), buttress, platform, rest on (покоиться), thrust, tread, centre upon

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > опираться

  • 125 опираться на

    1) General subject: base oneself upon, be supported by (...будущее за предпринимательством, опирающимся на проверенные, общепринятые законы развития международного бизнеса...), rest against, rest on, rest upon, draw on, fall back on
    2) Automobile industry: bear on (...)
    3) Art: draw upon (These classic examples of Egyptian metal art draw upon the artistic traditions of ancient Egypt.)
    4) Automation: bear on
    5) Makarov: lo bear on, found on (о доводах и т. п.), found upon (о доводах и т. п.)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > опираться на

  • 126 sculpture

    -  ə
    1) (the art of modelling or carving figures, shapes etc: He went to art school to study painting and sculpture.) escultura
    2) (work done by a sculptor: These statues are all examples of ancient Greek sculpture.) escultura
    sculpture n escultura
    tr['skʌlpʧəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 escultura
    1 esculpir (in, en)
    sculpture ['skʌlpʧər] vt, - tured ; - turing : esculpir
    : escultura f
    adj.
    • estatutario, -a adj.
    n.
    • entalladura s.f.
    • escultura s.f.
    v.
    • entallar v.
    • esculpir v.

    I 'skʌlptʃər, 'skʌlptʃə(r)
    count & mass noun escultura f

    II
    a) (form, shape) esculpir
    b) sculptured past p < features> bien cincelado
    ['skʌlptʃǝ(r)]
    1.
    2.
    VT = sculpt
    3.
    VI = sculpt
    4.
    CPD

    sculpture garden N, sculpture park N — jardín m de esculturas

    * * *

    I ['skʌlptʃər, 'skʌlptʃə(r)]
    count & mass noun escultura f

    II
    a) (form, shape) esculpir
    b) sculptured past p < features> bien cincelado

    English-spanish dictionary > sculpture

  • 127 Archäologie

    f; -, kein Pl. arch(a)eology
    * * *
    die Archäologie
    archaeology; archeology
    * * *
    Ar|chäo|lo|gie [arçɛolo'giː]
    f -, no pl
    archaeology (Brit), archeology (US)
    * * *
    (the study of objects belonging to ancient times (eg buildings, tools etc found in the earth).) archaeology
    * * *
    Ar·chäo·lo·gie
    <->
    [arçɛoloˈgi:]
    f kein pl archaeology, esp AM archeology
    * * *
    die; Archäologie: archaeology no art
    * * *
    Archäologie f; -, kein pl arch(a)eology
    * * *
    die; Archäologie: archaeology no art
    * * *
    f.
    archaeology (UK) n.
    archeology (US) n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Archäologie

  • 128 classical

    'klæsikəl 1. adjective
    1) ((especially of literature, art etc) of ancient Greece and Rome: classical studies.) klassisk
    2) ((of music) having the traditional, established harmony and/or form: He prefers classical music to popular music.) klassisk
    3) ((of literature) considered to be of the highest class.) klassisk
    •
    2. noun
    1) (an established work of literature of high quality: I have read all the classics.) klassiker
    2) ((in plural) the language and literature of Greece and Rome: He is studying classics.) gresk og latin (språk og litteratur)
    adj. \/ˈklæsɪk(ə)l\/
    1) klassisk
    2) tradisjonell

    English-Norwegian dictionary > classical

Страницы

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