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  • 81 raum

    m; -(e)s, Räume
    1. (Zimmer) room
    2. nur Sg.; (Platz) space, room; viel Raum beanspruchen take up a lot of space; auf engstem Raum leben live in cramped surroundings; luftleerer Raum vacuum; Raum sparend space-saving
    3. (Gegend, Gebiet) area; (Ausdehnung) expanse; die endlosen Räume Sibiriens / des Weltalls the limitless expanses of Siberia / of the universe; im Raum München in the Munich area; im süddeutschen Raum in southern Germany
    4. PHYS., PHILOS. (auch Weltraum) space; die Erforschung des Raums the exploration of space; Raum und Zeit space and time; der offene ( oder leere) Raum the void
    5. nur Sg.; (Volumen) volume; (Fläche) area
    6. meist Sport (Platz auf Spielfeld) space; freier Raum open space; Spiel in den freien Raum opening up the game; den Raum decken mark space; die Räume eng machen close down the game
    7. nur Sg.; fig. (Spielraum) scope, room; es nahm in der Diskussion einen breiten Raum ein it occupied a large part of the discussion; Raum geben oder gewähren (einem Gedanken) give way to; (einer Hoffnung) entertain; (einer Bitte) grant; das Problem steht im Raum the problem demands an answer; eine Frage im Raum stehen lassen leave a question unanswered; ich möchte die Frage einfach in den Raum stellen I’d just like to throw up ( oder pose) the question (for discussion)
    * * *
    der Raum
    (Freiraum) space;
    (Region) area;
    (Zimmer) room; apartment
    * * *
    [raum]
    m -(e)s, Räume
    ['rɔymə]
    1) no pl (= Platz) room, space; (= Weite) expanse

    Ráúm schaffen — to make some space or room

    auf engstem Ráúm leben — to live in a very confined space

    Ráúm geben (geh) — to yield to sth

    eine Frage in den Ráúm stellen — to pose a question

    eine Frage im Ráúm stehen lassen — to leave a question unresolved or hanging

    den Ráúm decken (Sport) — to cover the area

    2) (= Spielraum) room, scope
    3) (= Zimmer) room
    4) (= Gebiet, Bereich) area; (größer) region; (fig) sphere

    der Ráúm Frankfurt — the Frankfurt area

    der mitteleuropäische Ráúm — the Central European region

    im ländlichen Ráúm — in rural areas

    im geistigen Ráúm — in the intellectual sphere

    Ráúm gewinnen (Mil, fig) — to gain ground

    5) no pl (PHYS, SPACE) space no art

    der offene or leere Ráúm — the void

    See:
    * * *
    der
    1) ((often with for) the opportunity or chance to do, use or develop: There's no scope for originality in this job.) scope
    2) (a gap; an empty or uncovered place: I couldn't find a space for my car.) space
    3) (room; the absence of objects; the area available for use: Have you enough space to turn round?; Is there space for one more?) space
    * * *
    <-[e]s, Räume>
    [raum, pl ˈrɔymə]
    m
    1. (Zimmer) room
    2. kein pl (Platz) room no art, space no art
    auf engstem \Raum in a very confined space [or the most confined of spaces]
    \Raum [für etw akk] schaffen to make room [or create space] [for sth]
    rechtsfreier \Raum JUR legal vacuum
    3. kein pl PHYS space no art; ASTRON [outer] space no pl, no art
    4. GEOG (Gebiet) region, area
    im \Raum Hamburg in the Hamburg area
    5.
    ▶ im \Raum[e] stehen to be unresolved
    ▶ etw in den \Raum stellen to raise [or pose] [or sep bring up] sth
    eine Hypothese/These in den \Raum stellen to put forward a hypothesis/theory
    * * *
    der; Raum[e]s, Räume
    1) (WohnRaum, NutzRaum) room

    im Raum stehen — (fig.) be in the air

    2) (Gebiet) area; region
    3) o. Pl. (Platz) room; space
    4) (Math., Philos., Astron.) space
    * * *
    …raum m im subst
    1. allg (Zimmer) room;
    eine Zwei-Raum Wohnung a two-room flat (US apartment);
    Büroraum office;
    Kellerraum basement room;
    Schlafraum bedroom;
    Vorraum anteroom
    Siedlungsraum settlement area;
    Wirtschaftsraum industrial area
    * * *
    der; Raum[e]s, Räume
    1) (WohnRaum, NutzRaum) room

    im Raum stehen — (fig.) be in the air

    2) (Gebiet) area; region
    3) o. Pl. (Platz) room; space
    4) (Math., Philos., Astron.) space
    * * *
    ( ¨-e) (Mathematik) m.
    space n. -¨e m.
    range n.
    room n.
    space n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > raum

  • 82 простор

    1) open (space)
    2) freedom
    * * *
    * * *
    1) open, expanse 2) freedom; scope, range
    * * *
    amplitude
    area
    compartment
    elbow-room
    expanse
    range
    room
    scope
    space

    Новый русско-английский словарь > простор

  • 83 area

    ārĕa (in inscriptions freq. ARIA, Inscr. Orell. 4130, etc.), ae, f [some comp. eraze = on the ground; Germ. Erde; Engl. earth, hearth; others, as Varro and Festus, connected it with areo, as if pr. dry land, as terra may be connected with torreo; so Bopp and Curt.], a piece of level ground, a vacant place, esp. in the town (syn.:

    planities, aequor): in urbe loca pura areae,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll: area proprie dicitur locus vacuus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: locus sine aedificio in urbe area;

    rure autem ager appellatur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 211.
    I.
    Lit., ground for a house, a building-spot:

    si Ponendae domo quaerenda est area primum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 13. arearum electio, Vitr. 1, 7, 1:

    pontifices si sustulerint religionem, aream praeclaram habebimus,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1 fin.; Liv. 4, 16; 1, 55; Suet. Vesp. 8; Dig. 7, 4, 10 al.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A vacant space around or in a house, a court (syn. spatium):

    resedimus in areā domŭs,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 4; so id. ib. 7, 27, 10; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 10; Dig. 43, 22, 1; 8, 2, 1 al.—
    B.
    An open space for games, an open play-ground (syn.:

    campus, curriculum),

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 18.— Hence, in gen., a field for effort, etc. (syn.:

    campus, locus, q. v.),

    Ov. Am. 3, 1, 26, and trop.:

    area scelerum,

    i. e. where vices have full scope, Cic. Att. 9, 18.—Also, a raceground, Ov. F. 4, 10 (cf. id. ib. 2, 360); and trop., the course of life:

    vitae tribus areis peractis (i. e. pueritiā, juventute, senectute),

    Mart. 10, 24.—
    C.
    A threshing floor (among the ancients, an open space in the vicinity of the house).
    1.
    Lit.:

    neque in segetibus neque in areis neque in horreis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 8; Hor. C. 1, 1, 10; id. S. 1, 1, 45; Tib. 1, 5, 22; Vulg. Gen. 50, 10; ib. Isa. 21, 10. Its construction may be learned from Cato, R. R. 91 and 129; Varr. R. R. 1, 51; Verg. G. 1, 178 sqq. Voss; Col. 5, 1, 4; 5, 2, 20; and Pall. 1, 36 al.—
    2.
    Trop., of the body of Christians, as subject to separation, judgment (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Matt. 3, 12; Aug. Ver. Rel. 5.—
    D.
    The halo around the sun or moon: tales splendores Graeci areas (i. e. halônas) vocavere, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2.—
    E.
    A bed or border in a garden, Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Col. 11, 3; Plin. 19, 4, 20, § 60; Pall. 1, 34.—
    F.
    A fowling-floor, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 64: aedes nobis area est;

    auceps sum ego,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 67.—
    G.
    A burying-ground, church-yard, Tert. ad Scap. 3. —
    H.
    A bald spot upon the head, baldness, Cels. 6, 4; Mart. 5, 50.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > area

  • 84 otwarty

    adj

    dni otwarte (SZKOL) — ≈open day

    grać w otwarte karty — (przen) to play with one's cards on the table

    u otwarte — JĘZ the letter u

    * * *
    a.
    1. (= dostępny, jawny, rozległy) open; otwarty na oścież open wide; otwarta gruźlica pat. open tuberculosis; otwarta przestrzeń open space; otwarta rana gaping wound; otwarte morze the open sea, high sea; otwarty umysł open mind; grać z kimś w otwarte karty przen. be open with sb, play fair with sb; mieć oczy szeroko otwarte przen. keep one's eyes (wide) open; na otwartym powietrzu outdoors, in the open (air); ogłaszać coś za otwarte declare sth open; polityka otwartych drzwi open door (policy); witać kogoś z otwartymi ramionami przen. greet l. welcome sb with open arms; dom otwarty open house; drzwi otwarte uniw., szkoln. US open house; Br., Austr. open day; konkurs otwarty open competition; list otwarty open letter; przedział/zbiór otwarty mat. open interval/set; samogłoska/sylaba otwarta fon. open vowel/syllable; złamanie otwarte med. open l. penetrating fracture.
    2. przen. ( o człowieku) (= elastyczny) open, flexible; być otwartym na coś be open to sth.
    3. przen. (= szczery) honest, straightforward, candid.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > otwarty

  • 85 आकाशः _ākāśḥ _शम् _śam

    आकाशः शम् [समन्तादाकाशन्ते सूर्यादयो$त्र Tv.]
    1 The sky आकाशभवा सरस्वती Ku.4.39; ˚ग, ˚चारिन् &c.
    -2 Ether (considered as the fifth element).
    -3 The subtle and ethereal fluid pervading the whole universe; one of the 9 dravyas or substances recognized by the Vaiśe- ṣikas. It is the substratum of the quality 'sound'; शब्दगुणमाकाशम्; cf. also श्रुतिविषयगुणा या स्थिता व्याप्य विश्वम् Ś.1.1; अथात्मनः शब्दगुणं गुणज्ञः पदं (scil. आकाशम्) विमानेन विगाहमानः R.13.1.
    -4 Free space or vacuity; यश्चायमन्त- रात्मन्नाकाशः Bṛi. Up.
    -5 Space, place in general; सपर्वत- वनाकाशां पृथिवीम् Mb.; भवनाकाशमजायताम्बुराशिः Bv.2.165. open space (not covered or surrounded by anything); मुनयः सलिलाहारा वायुभक्षास्तथापरे । आकाशनिलयाश्चैव तथा स्थण्डि- लशायिनः ॥ Rām.3.6.4.
    -6 Brahman (as identical with ether); आकाशस्तल्लिङ्गात् Br. Sūt.1.1.22; यावानयमाकाश- स्तावानयमन्तर्हृदयाकाशः Ch. Up.8.1.3.
    -7 Light, clearness.
    -8 A hole.
    -9 A dot, zero (in Math.). आकाशे in the air; आकाशे लक्ष्यं बद्ध्वा fixing the look on some object out of sight. आकाशे in the sense of 'in the air' is used in dramas as a stage-direction when a character on the stage asks questions to some one not on the stage, and listens to an imaginary speech supposed to be a reply, which is usually introduced by the words किं ब्रवीषि, किं कथयसि &c.; दूरस्थाभाषणं यत्स्यादशरीरनिवेदनम् । परोक्षान्तरितं वाक्यं तदाकाशे निगद्यते ॥ Bharata; cf. आकाशभाषितम् below; (आकाशे) प्रियंवदे, कस्येदमुशीरानुलेपनं मृणालवन्ति च नलिनीपत्राणि नीयन्ते । (श्रुतिमभिनीय) किं ब्रवीषि &c. Ś.3. This is a contri- vance used by poets to avoid the introduction of a fresh character, and it is largely used in the species of dramatic composition called भाण where only one character conducts the whole play by a copious use of आकाशभाषित.
    -Comp. -अनन्त्यायतनम् the abode of infinity or of infinite space; N. of a world with the Buddhists.
    -अस्तिकायः N. of a category with the Jainas; धर्माधर्माकाशास्तिकायास्ते Sarva. S.3.
    -ईशः 1 an epithet of Indra.
    -2 (in law) any helpless person (such as a child, a woman, a pauper) who has no other possession than the air. आकाशेशास्तु विज्ञेया बालवृद्धकृशातुराः Ms.4.184.
    -कक्षा 'the girdle of the sky', horizon.
    -कल्पः Brahman.
    -गः a. moving through the atmosphere. (
    -गः) a bird. (
    -गा) the heavenly Ganges.
    -गङ्गा [आकाशपथवाहिनी गङ्गा] the celestial Ganges; नदत्याकाशगङ्गायाः स्रोतस्युद्दामदिग्गजे R.1.78; cf. also उभौ यदि व्योम्नि पृथक् प्रवाहावाकाशगङ्गापयसः पतेताम् Si.3.8.
    -गर्भी m. N. of a Bodhisattva.
    -चमसः the moon.
    -ज a. produced in the sky.
    -जननिन् m. a casement, loophole, an embrasure (left in castle walls); प्रगण्डीः कारयेत्सम्यगाकाशजननीस्तदा Mb.12.69.43.
    -दीपः, -प्रदीपः 1 a lamp lighted in honour of Lakṣmī or Viṣṇu and raised on a pole in the air at the Divāli festival in the month of Kārtika.
    -2 a beacon-light, a lantern on a pole.
    -पथिकः The sun; Ks.
    -प्रतिष्ठितः N. of a Buddha.
    -बद्धलक्ष (in Nāṭaka) fixing the gaze on some object out of sight; ततः प्रविशति आकाशबद्धलक्षः उन्मत्तवेषो राजा V.4.
    -भाषितम् 1 speaking off the stage, a supposed speech to which a reply is made as if it had been actually spoken and heard; किं ब्रवीषीति यन्नाटये विना पात्रं प्रयुज्यते । श्रुत्वेवानुक्तमप्यर्थं तत्स्यादाकाशभाषितम् S. D.425.
    -2 a sound or voice in the air.
    -मण्डलम् the celestial sphere.
    -मांसी [आकाशभवा मांसी] N. of a plant क्षुद्रजटामांसी).
    -मुखिन् pl. N. of Śaiva sect, the adherents of which keep their faces turned towards the sky.
    -मुष्टिहननाय Ā. To be foolish like one who beats the air with his fist; Sarva. S.
    -मूली the equatic plant (कुम्भिका) Pistia Stratiotes (Mar. शेवाळ).
    -यानम् 1 a heavenly car, a balloon. cf. वायुबन्धकवस्त्रेण सुबद्धो यानमस्तके । उदानस्य लघुत्वेन बिभर्त्याकाशयानकम् ॥ गरुत्मद्धंसैः कङ्कालैरन्यैः पक्षिगणैरपि । आकाशे वाहयेद् यानं विमानमिति संज्ञितम् ॥ -अगस्त्यसंहिता.
    -2 moving or travelling through the sky; आकाशयानेन प्रविशति enter passing through the sky (frequently occurring in dramas).
    -3 one who moves through the air.
    -रक्षिन् m. a watchman on the outer battlements of a castle (आकाश इव अत्युच्चप्राचीरोपरि स्थित्वा रक्षति).
    -वचनम् = ˚भाषितम् q. v.
    -वर्त्मन् n.
    1 the firmament.
    -2 the atmosphere, air.
    -वल्ली a sort of creeper, a para- sitical plant (अमरवेल; Mar बांडगूळ).
    -वाणी a voice from heaven, an incorporeal speech (अशरीरिणी वाणी).
    -शयनम् Sleeping in the open air; निवृत्ताकाशशयनाः Rām.3.16.12.
    -सलिलम् rain; dew.
    -स्थ a. abiding in the sky. aerial.
    -स्फटिकः a kind of crystal supposed to be formed in the atmosphere (two kinds सूर्यकान्त and चन्द्रकान्त); hail (करका).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > आकाशः _ākāśḥ _शम् _śam

  • 86 אויר

    אָוִיר, אֲוִירm. ( אור; cmp. רוּחַ a. רֶוַח); space corresp. to חָלָל, esp. 1) open, empty space, blank. Ohol. IV, 1 a tower שעומד בא׳ standing isolated. Ib. XVIII, 10 אוירָהּ של חצר the open space in the court-yard.B. Bath. 163a. 2) (cmp. b. h. מְאוּרָה) hollow, cavity of a vessel. Kel. II, 1 מיתטמאין ומטמאין בא׳ become unclean and make unclean by contact with the hollow (of the vessel).Yeb.67b נפק לא׳ חעולם came forth into the lighted space of the world, i. e. was born; a. fr. 3) (cmp. ἀήρ, aër) air, atmosphere, climate, weather. Num. R. s. 14 הא׳ שממנו וכ׳ (as one of the elements of nature) out of which the wind was made.Gen. R. s. 34 א׳ יפה fine weather; a. fr.Pl. אֲוִירִין blank spaces in writings. B. Bath. 163a.אֲוִירוֹת climates. Gen. R. s. 34 ברית נחלקה לא׳ a covenant has been made in favor of climates, i. e. God has implanted in man a love of his native soil even in bad climates.

    Jewish literature > אויר

  • 87 אָוִיר

    אָוִיר, אֲוִירm. ( אור; cmp. רוּחַ a. רֶוַח); space corresp. to חָלָל, esp. 1) open, empty space, blank. Ohol. IV, 1 a tower שעומד בא׳ standing isolated. Ib. XVIII, 10 אוירָהּ של חצר the open space in the court-yard.B. Bath. 163a. 2) (cmp. b. h. מְאוּרָה) hollow, cavity of a vessel. Kel. II, 1 מיתטמאין ומטמאין בא׳ become unclean and make unclean by contact with the hollow (of the vessel).Yeb.67b נפק לא׳ חעולם came forth into the lighted space of the world, i. e. was born; a. fr. 3) (cmp. ἀήρ, aër) air, atmosphere, climate, weather. Num. R. s. 14 הא׳ שממנו וכ׳ (as one of the elements of nature) out of which the wind was made.Gen. R. s. 34 א׳ יפה fine weather; a. fr.Pl. אֲוִירִין blank spaces in writings. B. Bath. 163a.אֲוִירוֹת climates. Gen. R. s. 34 ברית נחלקה לא׳ a covenant has been made in favor of climates, i. e. God has implanted in man a love of his native soil even in bad climates.

    Jewish literature > אָוִיר

  • 88 אֲוִיר

    אָוִיר, אֲוִירm. ( אור; cmp. רוּחַ a. רֶוַח); space corresp. to חָלָל, esp. 1) open, empty space, blank. Ohol. IV, 1 a tower שעומד בא׳ standing isolated. Ib. XVIII, 10 אוירָהּ של חצר the open space in the court-yard.B. Bath. 163a. 2) (cmp. b. h. מְאוּרָה) hollow, cavity of a vessel. Kel. II, 1 מיתטמאין ומטמאין בא׳ become unclean and make unclean by contact with the hollow (of the vessel).Yeb.67b נפק לא׳ חעולם came forth into the lighted space of the world, i. e. was born; a. fr. 3) (cmp. ἀήρ, aër) air, atmosphere, climate, weather. Num. R. s. 14 הא׳ שממנו וכ׳ (as one of the elements of nature) out of which the wind was made.Gen. R. s. 34 א׳ יפה fine weather; a. fr.Pl. אֲוִירִין blank spaces in writings. B. Bath. 163a.אֲוִירוֹת climates. Gen. R. s. 34 ברית נחלקה לא׳ a covenant has been made in favor of climates, i. e. God has implanted in man a love of his native soil even in bad climates.

    Jewish literature > אֲוִיר

  • 89 espacio abierto público

    Ex. Glasgow is also home to a large number of well-tended parks and possesses more public open spaces than any other city in the United Kingdom.
    * * *

    Ex: Glasgow is also home to a large number of well-tended parks and possesses more public open spaces than any other city in the United Kingdom.

    Spanish-English dictionary > espacio abierto público

  • 90 aukea

    yks.nom. aukea; yks.gen. aukean; yks.part. aukeaa aukeata; yks.ill. aukeaan; mon.gen. aukeiden aukeitten aukeain; mon.part. aukeita; mon.ill. aukeihin aukeisiin
    bare (adje)
    clearing (adje)
    expanse (adje)
    open (adje)
    open space (adje)
    vast (adje)
    wide (adje)
    plain (noun)
    * * *
    • vast
    • spacious
    • wide
    • square
    • open
    • open space
    • expanse
    • clearing
    • bare
    • ample
    • plain

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > aukea

  • 91 Lücke

    f; -, -n gap (auch Wissenslücke etc.); (schwache Stelle) im Gesetz etc.: loophole; (leere Stelle, auch Parklücke) space; fig. (Bedürfnis) need; (Leere) void; eine Lücke ausfüllen oder schließen fill a gap; fig. auch supply a need; Person: auch step into the breach; eine Lücke reißen create a gap; eine Lücke hinterlassen leave a gap; stärker: leave a void
    * * *
    die Lücke
    breach; hiatus; spacing; blank; gap; chasm; vacancy
    * * *
    Lụ̈|cke ['lʏkə]
    f -, -n (lit, fig)
    gap; (zwischen Wörtern auch, auf Formularen etc) space; (= Ungereimtheit, Unvollständigkeit etc) hole; (= Gesetzeslücke) loophole; (in Versorgung) break

    Lücken ( im Wissen) haben — to have gaps in one's knowledge

    sein Tod hinterließ eine schmerzliche Lücke (geh) — his death has left a void in our lives

    * * *
    die
    1) ((in forms etc) a space left to be filled (with a signature etc): Fill in all the blanks!) blank
    2) (an opening.) break
    3) (a break or open space: a gap between his teeth.) gap
    * * *
    Lü·cke
    <-, -n>
    [ˈlʏkə]
    f
    1. (Zwischenraum) gap, hole
    Zahn\Lücke a gap between two teeth
    eine \Lücke im Zaun a gap in the fence
    eine \Lücke füllen [o schließen] to fill a gap
    [mit etw dat] in eine [vorhandene] \Lücke stoßen (fig) to fill a gap on the market [with sth]
    eine Lücke in einem Gesetz a loophole in a law
    mein Wissen weist noch große \Lücken auf I still have large gaps in my knowledge
    der Mut zur \Lücke to risk leaving gaps in one's knowledge
    irgendwo klafft eine \Lücke there is a gap somewhere
    eine \Lücke [in etw akk] reißen to leave a gap [or void] in sth
    * * *
    die; Lücke, Lücken
    1) gap; (ParkLücke, auf einem Formular, in einem Text) space
    2) (Mangel) gap; (in der Versorgung) break; (im Gesetz) loophole
    * * *
    Lücke f; -, -n gap (auch Wissenslücke etc); (schwache Stelle) im Gesetz etc: loophole; (leere Stelle, auch Parklücke) space; fig (Bedürfnis) need; (Leere) void;
    schließen fill a gap; fig auch supply a need; Person: auch step into the breach;
    eine Lücke reißen create a gap;
    eine Lücke hinterlassen leave a gap; stärker: leave a void
    * * *
    die; Lücke, Lücken
    1) gap; (ParkLücke, auf einem Formular, in einem Text) space
    2) (Mangel) gap; (in der Versorgung) break; (im Gesetz) loophole
    * * *
    -n f.
    breach n.
    (§ pl.: breaches)
    break n.
    gap n.
    hiatus (medicine) n.
    lacuna n.
    space n.
    vacancy n.
    vacant space n.
    void n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Lücke

  • 92 dégagement

    dégagement [degaʒmɑ̃]
    masculine noun
       a. ( = action de libérer) freeing ; [de crédits] release
       b. ( = production) [de fumée, gaz, chaleur] emission
       c. (Football, rugby) clearance
       d. ( = placard) storage space ; ( = couloir) passage
    * * *
    degaʒmɑ̃
    nom masculin
    1) ( d'un lieu) clearing (de of)
    2) ( de vestiges) digging out (de of)
    3) Sport ( au football) clearance ( de quelqu'un by somebody)
    * * *
    deɡaʒmɑ̃ nm
    1) [gaz, odeurs] emission
    2) [victimes] freeing
    3) [passage] clearing

    itinéraire de dégagement — alternative route (to relieve traffic congestion)

    4) (= espace libre) open space, (dans un appartement) recess
    5) FOOTBALL clearance
    * * *
    1 ( d'un lieu) clearing (de of); le dégagement de la chaussée s'est effectué rapidement the road was soon cleared;
    2 ( de vestiges) digging out (de of);
    3 Sport ( au football) clearance (de qn by sb); dégagement en touche kicking a ball out of play;
    4 Méd dégagement de la tête/des épaules d'un bébé freeing of the head/of the shoulders of a baby.
    dégagement des cadres Admin cutting back on managerial staff; Mil cutting back on officers; dégagement instantané gas escape.
    [degaʒmɑ̃] nom masculin
    1. [émanation - d'odeur] emanation ; [ - de chaleur] release, emission, emanation
    a. [accidentel] a gas leak
    b. [volontaire] a release of gas
    2. [espace - dans une maison] passage, hall ; [ - dans une ville] open space ; [ - dans un bois] clearing
    3. [déblaiement] opening out, digging out
    4. MILITAIRE & POLITIQUE disengagement
    5. [au mont-de-piété] redeeming (from pawn)
    6. SPORT [d'un ballon] clearance

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > dégagement

  • 93 circāmoerium

        circāmoerium ī, n    [circa + moerus, i. e. murus], the space about a wall, on both sides of a wall (as a definition of pomerium), L.
    * * *
    open space round town; (Livy coined for pomoerium/open space round town wall)

    Latin-English dictionary > circāmoerium

  • 94 Forocorneliensis

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Forocorneliensis

  • 95 Forojulienses

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Forojulienses

  • 96 Forum

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Forum

  • 97 forum

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > forum

  • 98 Forum Alieni

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Forum Alieni

  • 99 Forum Appii

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Forum Appii

  • 100 Forum Aurelium

    fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.
    I.
    In gen., an open space.
    A.
    The area before a tomb, fore-court:

    quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—
    B.
    The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—
    C.
    Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—
    II.
    In partic., a public place, market-place.
    A.
    A market, as a place for buying and selling:

    quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.
    (α).
    forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—
    (β).
    forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

    here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—
    (γ).
    forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—
    (δ).
    forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

    L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

    Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

    oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

    Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—
    B.
    The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

    statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

    Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

    in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

    in foro turbaque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

    arripere verba de foro,

    to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    in vulgus et in foro dicere,

    id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

    cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

    id. Rep. 2, 37:

    in forum descendere,

    id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

    foro nimium distare Carinas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

    fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

    id. S. 1, 6, 114:

    forumque litibus orbum,

    id. C. 4, 2, 44:

    Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

    gladiatores ad forum producti,

    id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

    ut primum forum attigerim,

    i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    studia fori,

    Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

    quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

    Quint. 10, 7, 20:

    nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

    Verg. G. 2, 502:

    forum agere,

    to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

    lenta fori pugnamus harena,

    Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

    indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

    Verg. A. 5, 758:

    civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

    to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

    beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

    is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

    in alieno foro litigare,

    i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

    haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

    id. Fl. 29, 70:

    sublata erat de foro fides,

    id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

    nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

    i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

    called simply forum,

    Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

    quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

    erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

    Mart. 3, 38, 4:

    vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

    Juv. 6, 68.—
    C.
    Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,
    1.
    Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—
    3.
    Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—
    4.
    Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

    ager,

    Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—
    5.
    Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—
    6.
    Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

    colonia,

    i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—
    7.
    Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Forum Aurelium

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