-
1 surplus
['səːpləs] 1. nnadwyżka f2. adjsurplus stock/grain — nadwyżka zapasów/ziarna
* * *['sə'pləs](the amount left over when what is required has been used etc: Canada produces a surplus of raw materials; ( also adjective) surplus stocks; The country had a trade surplus (= exported more than it imported) last month.) nadwyżka, nadmiar -
2 some
[sʌm] 1. adj1) ( a certain amount of) trochę +gen; ( a certain number of) parę +gen nvir pl, paru +gen vir pl, kilka +gen nvir pl, kilku +gen vir plsome tea/water — trochę herbaty/wody
2) ( certain) ( in contrasts) niektóre +nvir pl, niektórzy +vir plsome people say that … — niektórzy (ludzie) mówią, że …
3) ( unspecified)2. pronhave you got any friends? — yes, I've got some — (czy) masz jakichś przyjaciół? — tak, mam paru or kilku
have you got any stamps? — yes, I've got some — (czy) masz jakieś znaczki? — tak, mam parę or kilka
2) ( a certain amount) trochę3. advhave we got any money? — yes, we've got some — (czy) mamy jakieś pieniądze? — tak, mamy trochę
* * *1. pronoun, adjective1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) kilka, trochę2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) trochę, niektórzy3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) jakiś4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) pewny, pewien2. adjective1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) nie lada2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) jakiś3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) jakieś, około3. adverb((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) nieco- somebody- someday
- somehow
- someone
- something
- sometime
- sometimes
- somewhat
- somewhere
- mean something
- or something
- something like
- something tells me -
3 any
['ɛnɪ] 1. adj1) ( in questions etc)2) ( with negative)I haven't any money/books — nie mam (żadnych) pieniędzy/książek
3) ( no matter which)4)in any case — ( at any rate) w każdym razie; ( besides) zresztą, poza tym; ( no matter what) tak czy owak
at any moment — lada chwila or moment, w każdej chwili
2. pronany time — ( at any moment) lada chwila or moment; ( whenever) zawsze gdy
1) ( in questions etc)I collect stamps; have you got any? — zbieram znaczki — masz jakieś?
there's some cake left; do you want any? — zostało trochę ciasta — chcesz trochę?
2) ( with negative)he's trying to lose weight, but so far hasn't lost any — stara się schudnąć, ale jak dotąd nie schudł ani trochę
3) ( no matter which one(s)) jakikolwiek, którykolwiek3. adv1) ( in questions etc) trochę2) ( with negative) już* * *['eni] 1. pronoun, adjective1) (one, some, no matter which: `Which dress shall I wear?' `Wear any (dress)'; `Which dresses shall I pack?' `Pack any (dresses)'.) jakikolwiek2) ((in questions and negative sentences etc) one, some: John has been to some interesting places but I've never been to any; Have you been to any interesting places?; We have hardly any coffee left.) żaden, jakiś, trochę2. adjective(every: Any schoolboy could tell you the answer.) każdy3. adverb(at all; (even) by a small amount: Is this book any better than the last one?; His writing hasn't improved any.) w ogóle- anybody- anyone
- anyhow
- anything
- anyway
- anywhere
- at any rate
- in any case -
4 remnant
['rɛmnənt]npozostałość f; ( of cloth) resztka f* * *['remnənt](a small piece or amount or a small number left over from a larger piece, amount or number: The shop is selling remnants of cloth at half price; the remnant of the army.) resztka -
5 trace
[treɪs] 1. n(sign, small amount) ślad m; ( of emotion) cień m2. vt( draw) odrysowywać (odrysować perf) przez kalkę, kalkować (przekalkować perf); ( locate) odszukiwać (odszukać perf); cause odkrywać (odkryć perf)* * *[treis] 1. noun1) (a mark or sign left by something: There were traces of egg on the plate; There's still no trace of the missing child.) ślad2) (a small amount: Traces of poison were found in the cup.) ślad2. verb1) (to follow or discover by means of clues, evidence etc: The police have traced him to London; The source of the infection has not yet been traced.) odnaleźć2) (to make a copy of (a picture etc) by putting transparent paper over it and drawing the outline etc: I traced the map.) przekalkować•- tracing- trace elements
- tracing-paper -
6 make
[meɪk] 1. pt, pp made, vtobject, mistake, remark robić (zrobić perf); clothes szyć (uszyć perf); cake piec (upiec perf); noise robić, narobić ( perf) +gen; speech wygłaszać (wygłosić perf); goods produkować (wyprodukować perf), wytwarzać; money zarabiać (zarobić perf); ( cause to be)2. nto make sb do sth — zmuszać (zmusić perf) kogoś do (z)robienia czegoś; ( equal)
marka fto make the bed — słać (posłać perf) łóżko
to make a fool of sb — ośmieszać (ośmieszyć perf) kogoś
to make a profit — osiągać (osiągnąć perf) zysk, zarabiać (zarobić perf)
to make a loss — business przynosić (przynieść perf) straty; company ponosić (ponieść perf) straty
he made it — ( arrived) dotarł na miejsce; ( arrived in time) zdążył; ( succeeded) udało mu się
3. vtto make good —
threat, promise spełniać (spełnić perf); damage naprawiać (naprawić perf); loss nadrabiać (nadrobić perf)he has made good — powiodło mu się, odniósł sukces
to make do with — zadowalać się (zadowolić się perf) +instr
Phrasal Verbs:- make for- make off- make out- make up* * *[meik] 1. past tense, past participle - made; verb1) (to create, form or produce: God made the Earth; She makes all her own clothes; He made it out of paper; to make a muddle/mess of the job; to make lunch/coffee; We made an arrangement/agreement/deal/bargain.) tworzyć, robić2) (to compel, force or cause (a person or thing to do something): They made her do it; He made me laugh.) zmusić, spowodować, skłonić do3) (to cause to be: I made it clear; You've made me very unhappy.) uczynić4) (to gain or earn: He makes $100 a week; to make a profit.) zarabiać, uzyskiwać5) ((of numbers etc) to add up to; to amount to: 2 and 2 make(s) 4.) być, wynosić6) (to become, turn into, or be: He'll make an excellent teacher.) być, stać się7) (to estimate as: I make the total 483.) oceniać jako8) (to appoint, or choose, as: He was made manager.) mianować, wybierać9) (used with many nouns to give a similar meaning to that of the verb from which the noun is formed: He made several attempts (= attempted several times); They made a left turn (= turned left); He made (= offered) a suggestion/proposal; Have you any comments to make?) uczynić, robić, wykonywać2. noun(a (usually manufacturer's) brand: What make is your new car?) marka- maker- making
- make-believe
- make-over
- makeshift
- make-up
- have the makings of
- in the making
- make a/one's bed
- make believe
- make do
- make for
- make it
- make it up
- make something of something
- make of something
- make something of
- make of
- make out
- make over
- make up
- make up for
- make up one's mind
- make up to -
7 change
[tʃeɪndʒ] 1. vtzmieniać (zmienić perf); ( replace) zamieniać (zamienić perf), wymieniać (wymienić perf); (substitute, exchange) wymieniać (wymienić perf); ( transform)2. vizmieniać się (zmienić się perf); ( on bus etc) przesiadać się (przesiąść się perf); ( be transformed)3. nto change into — zamieniać się (zamienić się perf) or przemieniać się (przemienić się perf) w +acc
( alteration) zmiana f; ( difference) odmiana f; ( coins) drobne pl; ( money returned) reszta fto change trains/buses — przesiadać się (przesiąść się perf)
to change hands — person zmieniać (zmienić perf) rękę; money, house etc zmieniać (zmienić perf) właściciela
to change a baby — przewijać (przewinąć perf) niemowlę
to change one's mind — zmieniać (zmienić perf) zdanie, rozmyślić się ( perf)
to change gear ( AUT) — zmieniać (zmienić perf) bieg
to give sb change for/of ten pounds — rozmieniać (rozmienić perf) komuś dziesięć funtów
* * *[ ein‹] 1. verb1) (to make or become different: They have changed the time of the train; He has changed since I saw him last.) zmieniać się2) (to give or leave (one thing etc for another): She changed my library books for me.) wymieniać3) ((sometimes with into) to remove (clothes etc) and replace them by clean or different ones: I'm just going to change (my shirt); I'll change into an old pair of trousers.) przebierać (się)4) ((with into) to make into or become (something different): The prince was changed into a frog.) zamieniać5) (to give or receive (one kind of money for another): Could you change this bank-note for cash?) zmieniać2. noun1) (the process of becoming or making different: The town is undergoing change.) zmiana2) (an instance of this: a change in the programme.) zmiana3) (a substitution of one thing for another: a change of clothes.) zmiana4) (coins rather than paper money: I'll have to give you a note - I have no change.) drobne5) (money left over or given back from the amount given in payment: He paid with a dollar and got 20 cents change.) reszta6) (a holiday, rest etc: He has been ill - the change will do him good.) zmiana•- change hands
- a change of heart
- the change of life
- change one's mind
- for a change -
8 exposure
[ɪks'pəuʒə(r)]n( publicity) nagłośnienie nt; ( of truth) ujawnienie nt; ( of person) zdemaskowanie nt; ( PHOT) ( amount of light) naświetlenie nt; ( shot) klatka fexposure to — (heat, radiation etc) wystawienie na +acc or na działanie +gen
* * *[-ʒə]1) ((an) act of exposing or state of being exposed: Prolonged exposure of the skin to hot sun can be harmful.) wystawienie, ekspozycja2) (one frame of a photographic film etc: I have two exposures left.) klatka -
9 lag
[læg] 1. nopóźnienie nt2. vi 3. vt* * *[læɡ] 1. past tense, past participle - lagged; verb((often with behind) to move too slowly and become left behind: We waited for the smaller children, who were lagging behind the rest.) wlec się, odstawać2. noun(an act of lagging or the amount by which one thing is later than another: There is sometimes a time-lag of several seconds between our seeing the lightning and our hearing the thunder.) opóźnienie -
10 range
[reɪndʒ] 1. n( of mountains) łańcuch m; ( of missile) zasięg m; ( of voice) skala f; (of subjects, possibilities) zakres m; ( of products) asortyment m; (also: rifle range) strzelnica f; (also: kitchen range) piec m (kuchenny)2. vtustawiać (ustawić perf) w rzędzie3. vito range over — obejmować +acc
to range from … to … — wahać się od +gen do +gen
do you have anything else in this price range? — czy ma Pan/Pani coś jeszcze w tym przedziale cenowym?
ranged right/left — ( text) wysunięty w prawo/lewo
* * *[rein‹] 1. noun1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) wachlarz, gama2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) zasięg3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) rząd, skala4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) łańcuch5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) pastwisko6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) strzelnica7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) piec kuchenny2. verb1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) uszeregować2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) wahać się3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) rozciągać się•- ranger -
11 remainder
-
12 small
[smɔːl] 1. adj 2. n* * *[smo:l]1) (little in size, degree, importance etc; not large or great: She was accompanied by a small boy of about six; There's only a small amount of sugar left; She cut the meat up small for the baby.) mały2) (not doing something on a large scale: He's a small businessman.) drobny3) (little; not much: You have small reason to be satisfied with yourself.) mało4) ((of the letters of the alphabet) not capital: The teacher showed the children how to write a capital G and a small g.) mały•- small arms
- small change
- small hours
- smallpox
- small screen
- small-time
- feel/look small -
13 spacing
-
14 spare rib
(a rib of pork with only a small amount of meat left on it.) żeberko -
15 supply
[sə'plaɪ] 1. vt 2. nto supply sth to sb — dostarczać (dostarczyć perf) coś komuś
to supply sth with sth — zaopatrywać (zaopatrzyć perf) coś w coś
the electricity/water/gas supply — dostawy prądu/wody/gazu
- supplies* * *1. verb(to give or provide: Who is supplying the rebels with guns and ammunition?; Extra paper will be supplied by the teacher if it is needed; The town is supplied with water from a reservoir in the hills; The shop was unable to supply what she wanted.) dostarczać, zaopatrywać2. noun1) (the act or process of supplying.) zaopatrywanie, zaopatrzenie2) ((often in plural) an amount or quantity that is supplied; a stock or store: She left a supply of food for her husband when she went away for a few days; Who will be responsible for the expedition's supplies?; Fresh supplies will be arriving soon.) zapas•
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