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1 падеж приближения
Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > падеж приближения
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2 insangarë
allative insangarenna attested, VT43:22 noun "temptation", a form Tolkien apparently abandoned in favour of \#úsahtië. In Quenya, the cluster ns is unusual. -
3 allatiivi
allative: local case usually expressing movement 'towards a surface' or 'to someone' -
4 sapsanta
noun in allative: "grave-into" MC:221; this is "Qenya"; notice old allative in -nta, later dual allative only -
5 аллатив
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6 tanna
1 noun "sign, token" MR:385, PE17:186, also tanwa PE17:186 2 pron. in allative "thither" VT14:5, PE16:96; evidently to be understood as the allative of ta \#2: "to that place". Compare tar and locative tassë. -
7 -nna
"to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na to with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen q.v.. Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v. -
8 ruc-
1 "k" vb. "feel fear or horror" 1st pers. aorist rucin "I feel fear or horror"; the verb is said to be constructed with "from" sc. the ablative case, or prepositions like ho or va? of the object feared. WJ:415 Hence e.g. *rucin i ulundollo or, *rucin ho/va i ulundo for "I fear the monster"? 2 vb. "fly to", in the phrase ortírielyanna rucimmë, "to thy patronage we fly" VT44:7. If this is really the same verb as ruc- \#1 above, it would indicate that ruc- combined with the allative case implies flying in horror to some refuge denoted by the allative noun. -
9 se
1 pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used of living things including plants VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa. The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form VT49:50. Stressed form sé, VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé I love him VT49:21. Ósë *"with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena to/for him orat him, VT49:14, allative senna *to him/her VT49:45, 46. Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself". 2, also long sé, preposition "at, in" VT43:30; compare the "locative prefix" se- possibly occurring in an early "Qenya" text, VT27:25 -
10 mir
1 prep. with old allative ending "to the inside, into"also minna MI. This is mi "in" with the same allative ending -r from primitive ¤-da as in tar "thither", q.v. 2 cardinal "one" LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë -
11 -li
partitive pl. ending simply called a plural suffix in the Etymologies, stem LI. The ending is used to indicate a plural that is neither generic e.g. Eldar the Elves as a race nor definite preceded by article; hence Eldali is used for some Elves a particular group of Elves, when they are first mentioned in a narrative, VT49:8. Sometimes Tolkien also lets -li imply a great number; in PE17:129, the form falmalinnar from Namárië is broken down as falma-uli/u-nnar foam wave-umany/u-towards-pl. ending, and falmali by itself Tolkien translated many waves PE17:73. A distinct accusative in -līseems to occur in the phrase an i falmalīPE17:127, apparently meaning the same as i falmalinnar, but replacing the allative ending with a preposition. Genitive -lion in vanimálion, malinornélion q.v. for reference, allative -linna and -linnar in falmalinnar, q.v. The endings for other cases are only known from the Plotz letter: possessive -líva, dative -lin, locative -lissë or -lissen, ablative -lillo or -lillon, instrumental -línen, "short locative" -lis. When the noun ends in a consonant, r and n is assimilated before l, e.g. Casalli as the partitive pl. of Casar Dwarf WJ:402, or elelli as the partitive pl. of elen star PE17:127. It is unclear whether the same happens in monosyllabic words, or whether a connecting vowel would be slipped in before -li e.g. ?queneli or ?quelli as the partitive pl. of quén, quen- person. -
12 parma
noun "book", also name of tengwa \#2 PAR, Appendix E. In early "Qenya", the gloss was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" LT2:346; Tolkien later revisited the idea that parma basically is a noun peel and refers to bark or skin as primitive writing materials, PE17:86: peel, applied to bark or skin, hence book, bark literally skinning, peeling off, parchment, book; a book or written document of some size PE17:123. In the meantimeTolkien had associated the word with a root PAR meaning compose, put together LR:380; the word loiparë mistake in writing q.v. may also suggest that the root PAR at one point was to mean write, so that a parma was a *written thing. Instrumental form parmanen with a book or by means of a book PE17:91, 180, parmastanna on your book with the endings -sta dual your, -nna allative VT49:47, parmahentië noun book reading PE17:77. Other compounds: parmalambë noun "book-language" = Quenya PAR, \#parma-resta noun *book-fair, attested with the endings -lya thy and the allative ending -nna parma-restalyanna *upon your book-fair VT49:38, 39. Parma as the name of the tengwa letter for P occurs compunded in parmatéma noun "p-series", labials, the second column of the Tengwar system Appendix E. -
13 falma
noun "crested/foaming wave" PHAL/PHÁLAS, "a wave-crest, wave" VT42:15, foam wave PE17:127, a breaker PE17:62, partitive pl. falmali many waves PE17:73, allative falmalinnar "on the foaming waves" in Namárië Nam, RGEO:67; the phrase an i falmalīPE17:74 seems to be a paraphrase of this with an independent preposition instead of the allative ending -nna see an \#1. Compounded in Falmari, a name of the Teleri, and Mar-nu-Falmar, "Home/Land under Waves", a name of Númenor after the Downfall. SA:falas Falmari "wave-folk", a name of the Teleri PM:386. In earlier "Qenya", falma was glossed "foam" LT1:253, cf. MC:213. Compare also the early "Qenya" words falmar "wave as it breaks" LT1:253, pl. falmari "waves" MC:216 -
14 tar
1 adv. or technically pron. with old allative ending: "thither" TA. This is ta \#1 with the same allative ending -r from primitive -da as in mir "into". Compare tanna. According to VT49:11, tar may also appear in the logner form tara. 2 prep. "beyond" FS -
15 падеж приближения
Grammar: allative -
16 allativ
subst. (grammatikk) [ kasus som angir målet for en bevegelse] allative -
17 ré
noun "day" of the sun, a full 24-hour cycle Appendix D composed of aurë day, daylight and lómë night VT49:45. Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë q.v.. Allative rénna VT49:45. -
18 mi
prep. "in, within" MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi; mí "in the" Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply in. Used in PE17:71 cf. 70 of people clad in various colours, e.g. mi mísë in grey. Allative minna "to the inside, into" MI, also mina VT43:30. The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" sg., millë "in you" pl. VT43:36. A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" VT44:18; here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class. -
19 men-
4 vb. "go" VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23, attested in the aorist menë in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- return or go/come back, -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- back etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166. In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of go as far as: 1st person sg. aorist menin menin coaryanna I arrive at or come/get to his house, endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end, past tense mennë arrived, reached, in this tense usually with locative rather than allative mennen sís I arrived here, perfect eménië has just arrived, future menuva will arrive. All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant. -
20 aurë
noun "sunlight, day" SA:ur, day of light, a day of special meaning or festival VT49:45. locative auressë "in the morning" in Markirya, allative aurenna *on the day VT49:43-45. Also compare amaurëa.
См. также в других словарях:
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