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airship

  • 81 dirigible

    adj.
    dirigible, manageable.
    m.
    1 airship.
    2 dirigible, blimp, airship, Zeppelin.
    * * *
    1 dirigible
    1 dirigible, airship
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ (Aer, Náut) steerable
    2.
    SM dirigible, airship, blimp (EEUU)
    * * *
    masculino airship, dirigible
    * * *
    = airship, blimp.
    Ex. Her invention consists of is a miniature, unmanned, auto-controlled airship which can be used for aerial work such as film and photography, surveillance and survey work.
    Ex. Blimps are large balloons stretched out to look like an egg or cigar.
    ----
    * dirigible publicitario = advertising blimp.
    * * *
    masculino airship, dirigible
    * * *
    = airship, blimp.

    Ex: Her invention consists of is a miniature, unmanned, auto-controlled airship which can be used for aerial work such as film and photography, surveillance and survey work.

    Ex: Blimps are large balloons stretched out to look like an egg or cigar.
    * dirigible publicitario = advertising blimp.

    * * *
    airship, dirigible
    * * *

    dirigible sustantivo masculino
    airship, dirigible
    ' dirigible' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aeronave
    - zepelín
    English:
    dirigible
    - air
    * * *
    airship
    * * *
    I adj steerable
    II m dirigible
    * * *
    : dirigible, blimp
    * * *
    dirigible n airship

    Spanish-English dictionary > dirigible

  • 82 aeronave

    f.
    aircraft.
    * * *
    1 airship
    \
    aeronave espacial spaceship
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    * * *
    a) ( globo dirigible) airship
    b) (frml) ( avión) airliner, aircraft
    * * *
    Ex. Her invention consists of is a miniature, unmanned, auto-controlled airship which can be used for aerial work such as film and photography, surveillance and survey work.
    * * *
    a) ( globo dirigible) airship
    b) (frml) ( avión) airliner, aircraft
    * * *

    Ex: Her invention consists of is a miniature, unmanned, auto-controlled airship which can be used for aerial work such as film and photography, surveillance and survey work.

    * * *
    2 ( frml) (avión) airliner, airplane, aeroplane ( BrE)
    * * *

    aeronave sustantivo femenino

    b) (frml) ( avión) airliner, aircraft

    aeronave sustantivo femenino aircraft
    (globo dirigible) airship
    (nave espacial) spacecraft
    * * *
    1. [avión, helicóptero] aircraft
    2. [dirigible] airship
    * * *
    f airplane, Br
    aeroplane
    * * *
    : aircraft
    * * *
    aeronave n aircraft [pl. aircraft]

    Spanish-English dictionary > aeronave

  • 83 Luftschiff

    n FLUG. airship
    * * *
    das Luftschiff
    airship; vessel
    * * *
    Lụft|schiff
    nt
    airship
    * * *
    (an aircraft that is lighter than air and can be steered etc.) airship
    * * *
    Luft·schiff
    nt airship; (kleines Luftschiff) blimp
    * * *
    das airship
    * * *
    Luftschiff n FLUG airship
    * * *
    das airship
    * * *
    n.
    airship n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Luftschiff

  • 84 Renard, Charles

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 23 November 1847 Damblain, Vosges, France
    d. 13 April 1905 Chalais-Meudon, France
    [br]
    French pioneer of military aeronautics who, with A.C.Krebs, built an airship powered by an electric motor.
    [br]
    Charles Renard was a French army officer with an interest in aviation. In 1873 he constructed an unusual unmanned glider with ten wings and an automatic stabilizing device to control rolling. This operated by means of a pendulum device linked to moving control surfaces. The model was launched from a tower near Arras, but unfortunately it spiralled into the ground. The control surfaces could not cope with the basic instability of the design, but as an idea for automatic flight control it was ahead of its time.
    Following a Commission report on the military use of balloons, carrier pigeons and an optical telegraph, an aeronautical establishment was set up in 1877 at Chalais-Meudon, near Paris, under the direction of Charles Renard, who was assisted by his brother Paul. The following year Renard and a colleague, Arthur Krebs, began to plan an airship. They received financial help from Léon Gambetta, a prominent politician who had escaped from Paris by balloon in 1870 during the siege by the Prussians. Renard and Krebs studied earlier airship designs: they used the outside shape of Paul Haenlein's gas-engined airship of 1872 and included Meusnier's internal air-filled ballonnets. The gas-engine had not been a success so they decided on an electric motor. Renard developed lightweight pile batteries while Krebs designed a motor, although this was later replaced by a more powerful Gramme motor of 6.5 kW (9 hp). La France was constructed at Chalais-Meudon and, after a two-month wait for calm conditions, the airship finally ascended on 9 August 1884. The motor was switched on and the flight began. Renard and Krebs found their airship handled well and after twenty-three minutes they landed back at their base. La, France made several successful flights, but its speed of only 24 km/h (15 mph) meant that flights could be made only in calm weather. Parts of La, France, including the electric motor, are preserved in the Musée de l'Air in Paris.
    Renard remained in charge of the establishment at Chalais-Meudon until his death. Among other things, he developed the "Train Renard", a train of articulated road vehicles for military and civil use, of which a number were built between 1903 and 1911. Towards the end of his life Renard became interested in helicopters, and in 1904 he built a large twin-rotor model which, however, failed to take off.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1886, Le Ballon dirigeable La France, Paris (a description of the airship).
    Further Reading
    Descriptions of Renard and Kreb's airship are given in most books on the history of lighter-than-air flight, e.g.
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London; pub. in paperback 1985.
    C.Bailleux, c. 1988, Association pour l'Histoire de l'Electricité en France, (a detailed account of the conception and operations of La France).
    1977, Centenaire de la recherche aéronautique à Chalais-Meudon, Paris (an official memoir on the work of Chalais-Meudon with a chapter on Renard).
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Renard, Charles

  • 85 дирижабль

    м. airship, dirigible

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > дирижабль

  • 86 Lebaudy, Paul

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 1858 Enghien, France
    d. 1937 Rosny-sur-Seine, France
    [br]
    French airship pioneer responsible for the first practical airship, in collaboration with his brother Pierre (1861–1924).
    [br]
    Soon after Alberto Santos-Dumont had made his first successful flight in a small airship, Paul and Pierre Lebaudy decided to construct a large airship. The two brothers were sugar manufacturers in Moisson, France, and in 1899 they commissioned their chief engineer, Henri Julliot, to build them a large airship. Julliot was conscientious and cautious, and consequently he spent many months studying the problems and working out a feasible design. The Lebaudy I was not completed until late in 1902 and made its first flight on 13 November. It was 57 m (187 ft) long and powered by a 30 kW (40 hp) Daimler petrol engine driving two propellers which enabled it to fly at 40 km/h (25 mph); it could overcome all but very strong winds. During the ensuing months, Lebaudy I made many successful flights, often carrying passengers, and usually returning to its base at Moisson. On 12 November 1903 it flew a distance of 62 km (381/2 miles) in 1 hour 41 minutes, from Moisson to Paris, where it was put on display and attracted huge crowds. After being damaged, Lebaudy I was rebuilt as Lebaudy II, although it was often called La Jaune because of the yellow fabric of the envelope. In 1905 it made a flight lasting over 3 hours; few would argue that this was the first really successful airship.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London.
    Wilfrid de Fonvieille, 1911, Histoire de la navigation aérienne, Paris.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Lebaudy, Paul

  • 87 Santos-Dumont, Alberto

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 20 July 1873 Cabangu, Rocha Dias, Brazil
    d. 23 July 1932 d. Santos, Sâo Paulo, Brazil
    [br]
    Brazilian pioneer in airship and aeroplane flights.
    [br]
    Alberto Santos-Dumont, the son of a wealthy Brazilian coffee planter, was sent to Paris to study engineering but developed a passion for flying. After several balloon flights he turned his attention to powered airships. His first small airship, powered by a motorcycle engine, flew in 1898. A series of airships followed and his flights over Paris—and his narrow escapes—generated much public interest. A large cash prize had been offered for the first person to fly from Saint-Cloud around the Eiffel Tower and back inside thirty minutes. Santos-Dumont made two attempts in his airship No. 5, but engine failures caused him to crash, once in a tree and once on a hotel roof. Undismayed, he prepared airship No. 6 and on 19 October 1901 he set out and rounded the Tower, only to suffer yet another engine failure. This time he managed to restart the engine and claim the prize. This flight created a sensation in Paris and beyond. Santos-Dumont continued to create news with a series of airship exploits, and by 1906 he had built a total of fourteen airships. In 1904 Santos-Dumont visited the United States and met Octave Chanute, who described to him the achievements of the Wright brothers. On his return to Paris he set about designing an aeroplane which was unlike any other aeroplane of the period. It had box-kite-like wings and tail, and flew tail-first (a canard) powered by an Antoinette engine at the rear. It was built for him by Gabriel Voisin and was known as the "14 bis" because it was air-tested suspended beneath airship No. 14. It made its first free take-off on 13 September 1906, and then a series of short hops, including one of 220 m (720 ft) which won Santos-Dumont an Aero-Club prize and recognition for the first aeroplane flight in Europe; indeed, it was the first officially witnessed aeroplane flight in the world. Santos-Dumont's most successful aeroplane was his No. 20 of 1909, known as the Demoiselle: a tiny machine popular with sporting pilots. About this time, however, Santos-Dumont became ill and had to abandon his aeronautical activities. Although he had not made any great technical breakthroughs, Santos-Dumont had played a major role in arousing public interest in flying.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Aéro Club de France Grand Prix de l'Aéronautique 1901. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1904.
    Bibliography
    1904, Dans l'air, Paris; 1904, pub. as My Airships (repub. 1973, New York: Dover).
    Further Reading
    Peter Wykeham, 1962, Santos-Dumont, A Study in Obsession, London.
    F.H.da Costa, c. 1971, Alberto Santos-Dumont, O Pai da Aviaçāo; pub. in English as
    Alberto Santos Dumont, Father of Aviation, Rio de Janeiro.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Santos-Dumont, Alberto

  • 88 dirigibile

    m airship, dirigible
    * * *
    dirigibile agg. dirigible
    ◆ s.m. (aer.) dirigible; airship: dirigibile floscio, non-rigid airship.
    * * *
    [diri'dʒibile]
    sostantivo maschile airship, dirigible
    * * *
    dirigibile
    /diri'dʒibile/
    sostantivo m.
    airship, dirigible.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > dirigibile

  • 89 zepelín

    m.
    Zeppelin.
    * * *
    1 zeppelin
    * * *
    * * *
    Ex. Her invention consists of is a miniature, unmanned, auto-controlled airship which can be used for aerial work such as film and photography, surveillance and survey work.
    * * *

    Ex: Her invention consists of is a miniature, unmanned, auto-controlled airship which can be used for aerial work such as film and photography, surveillance and survey work.

    * * *

    zepelín m (dirigible) Zeppelin
    ' zepelín' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    zeppelin
    English:
    air
    * * *
    zepelín, zeppelín nm
    zeppelin
    * * *
    zepelín nm, pl - lines : zeppelin

    Spanish-English dictionary > zepelín

  • 90 zeppelin

    m.
    Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
    * * *
    [sepe'lin, θepe'lin]
    zepelín masculino zeppelin, airship
    * * *
    [sepe'lin, θepe'lin]
    zepelín masculino zeppelin, airship
    * * *
    /sepeˈlin, θepeˈlin/,
    zeppelin, airship
    * * *

    zeppelin /sepe'lin/, /θepe'lin/,
    ◊ zepelín sustantivo masculino

    zeppelin, airship

    ' zeppelin' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    zepelín

    Spanish-English dictionary > zeppelin

  • 91 dirigeable

    dirigeable [diʀiʒabl]
    adjective
    masculine noun
    * * *
    diʀiʒabl
    nom masculin dirigible, airship
    * * *
    diʀiʒabl
    1. adj
    2. nm
    * * *
    A adj dirigible.
    B nm dirigible, airship.
    [diriʒabl] adjectif
    ————————
    [diriʒabl] nom masculin

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > dirigeable

  • 92 Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 1754 Tours, France
    d. 1793 Mainz, Germany
    [br]
    French designer of the "dirigible balloon" (airship).
    [br]
    Just a few days after the first balloon flight by the relatively primitive Montgolfier hot-air balloon, a design for a sophisticated steerable or "dirigible" balloon was proposed by a young French army officer. On 3 December 1783, Lieutenant (later General) Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier of the Corps of Engineers presented to the Académie des Sciences a paper entitled Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques. This outlined Meusnier's ideas and so impressed the learned members of the Academy that they commissioned him to make a more complete study. This was published in 1784 and contained sixteen water-colour drawings of the proposed airship, which are preserved by the Musée de l'Air in Paris.
    Meusnier's "machine aérostatique" was ellipsoidal in shape, in contrast to those of his unsuccessful contemporaries who tried to make spherical balloons steerable, often using oars for propulsion. Meusnier's proposed airship was 79.2 m (260 ft) long with the crew in a slim boat slung below the envelope (in case of a landing on water); it was steered by a large sail-like rudder at the rear end. Between the envelope and the boat were three propellers, which were to be manually driven as there was no suitable engine available; this was the first design for a propeller-driven aircraft. The most important innovation was a ballonnet, a balloon within the main envelope that was pressurized with air supplied by bellows in the boat. Varying the amount of air in the ballonnet would compensate for changes in the volume of hydrogen gas in the main envelope when the airship changed altitude. The ballonnet would also help to maintain the external shape of the main envelope.
    General Meusnier was killed in action in 1793 and it was almost one hundred years from the date of his publication that his idea of ballonnets was put into practice, by Dupuy de Lome in 1872, and later by Renard and Krebs.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1784, Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques, Paris; repub. Paris: Musée de l'Air.
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London (paperback 1985). Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie

  • 93 Parseval, August von

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 1861
    d. 22 February 1942 Berlin, Germany
    [br]
    German designer of tethered observation balloons and non-rigid airships.
    [br]
    Major von Parseval and his colleague Captain von Sigsfeld were serving in the German army during the 1890s when improved military observation from the air was being pursued. Tethered observation balloons, raised and lowered by a winch, had been used since 1794, but in strong winds a spherical balloon became very unstable. Manned kites were being developed by "Colonel" S.F. Cody, in Britain, and others, but kites were a problem if the wind dropped. A very successful compromise was achieved in 1897 by von Parseval and von Sigsfeld, who developed a kite-balloon, the Drachen ("Dragon"), which was elongated like an airship and fitted with large inflated fins. It was attached to its tethering cable in such a way that it flew with a positive incidence (nose up) to the wind, thus producing some lift—like a kite. The combination of these factors made the kite-balloon very stable. Other countries followed suit and a version designed by the Frenchman Albert Caquot was widely used during the First World War for observing the results of artillery fire. Caquot balloons were also used around London as a barrage to obstruct enemy aircraft, and "barrage balloons" were widely used during the Second World War. After working at a government balloon factory in Berlin where non-rigid airships were built, von Parseval designed his own non-rigid airship. The Parseval I which flew in 1906 was small, but larger and faster non-rigids followed. These were built by Luftfahrzeug-Gesellschaft m.b.H. of Berlin founded in 1908 to build and operate Parseval airships. The British Admiralty ordered three Parseval airships, two to be built by Vickers of Barrow (who had built the rigid airship R 1 Mayfly in 1911), and one to be built in Berlin. This one was flown from Berlin to Farnborough in 1913 and joined the Vickers-built Parseval in the Naval Air Service. During the First World War, Parseval airships had the unique distinction of serving on both sides. Three small Parseval airships were built between 1929 and 1932 for use in advertising.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Hildebrandt, 1908, Airships Past and Present, London (describes the kite-balloon). Fred Gütschow, 1985, Das Luftschiff, Stuttgart (includes a record of all the airships). Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London (provides limited coverage of von Parseval's work).
    Basil Collier, 1974, The Airship: A History, London (provides limited coverage of von Parseval's work).

    Biographical history of technology > Parseval, August von

  • 94 дирижабль

    дирижабль сущ
    airship
    дирижабль жесткой конструкции
    rigid airship
    дирижабль полужесткой конструкции
    semirigid airship
    корпус дирижабля
    airship hull

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > дирижабль

  • 95 оболочка дирижабля

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > оболочка дирижабля

  • 96 дирижабъл

    dirigible, airship
    * * *
    дирижа̀бъл,
    м., -ли, (два) дирижа̀бъла dirigible, airship.
    * * *
    dirigible
    * * *
    dirigible, airship

    Български-английски речник > дирижабъл

  • 97 елинг

    1. мор. covered ship; covered-in berth
    * * *
    ѐлинг,
    м., -и, (два) ѐлинга 1. мор. covered ship; covered-in berth;
    2. (за дирижабли и балони) airship-shed.
    * * *
    1. (за дирижабли и балони) airship-shed 2. мор. covered ship;covered-in berth

    Български-английски речник > елинг

  • 98 кораб

    1. boat, ship, vessel
    адмиралски/флагмански кораб flagship
    военен кораб warship, man-of-war
    линеен кораб battle ship, capital ship
    миночистачен кораб trawler, minesweeper
    търговски кораб merchant ship/vessel, merchantman
    товарен кораб freighter, cargo-boat
    самоходен кораб a self-propelled boat
    несамоходен кораб a towed/tugged vessel
    кораб цистерна tanker
    кораб с въздушна възглавница hovercraft
    качвам се на кораб board a ship, go on board (a ship), embark
    на кораба aboard (ship), on (ship)board
    по целия кораб from stem to stern
    2. (бъчва) vat, tun
    3. църк. nave, net, auditorium, ( напречен) transept
    * * *
    ко̀раб,
    м., -и, (два) ко̀раба 1. мор. boat, ship, vessel; адмиралски/флагмански \кораб flagship; военен \кораб warship, man-of-war; въздушен \кораб airship; двумачтов \кораб schooner; едномачтов \кораб sloop; каботажен \кораб coaster; качвам се на \кораб board a ship, go on board (a ship), embark; \кораб на хоризонта! a sail in sight! \кораб ракетоносец guided-missile ship; \кораб с въздушна възглавница hovercraft; \кораб цистерна tanker; линеен \кораб battle ship, capital ship; \кораб миночистач trawler, minesweeper; на \кораба aboard (ship), on (ship)board; несамоходен \кораб towed/tugged vessel; по целия \кораб from stem to stern; презокеански \кораб (ocean-)liner; пътнически \кораб passenger-ship; самоходен \кораб self-propelled boat; слизам от \кораб disembark; товарен \кораб freighter, cargo-boat; търговски \кораб merchant ship/vessel, merchantman;
    2. ( бъчва) vat, tun;
    3. църк., архит. nave, nef, auditorium, ( напречен) transept.
    * * *
    boat; cargo-boat (товарен); liner (презокеански); man-of-war (военен); ship: merchant кораб - търговски кораб; vessel; war-ship (военен); (на църква): nave
    * * *
    1. (бъчва) vat, tun 2. boat, ship, vessel 3. КОРАБ с въздушна възглавница hovercraft 4. КОРАБ цистерна tanker 5. адмиралски/флагмански КОРАБ flagship 6. военен КОРАБ warship, man-of-war 7. въздушен КОРАБ airship 8. двумачтов КОРАБ schooner 9. едномачтов КОРАБ sloop 10. каботажен КОРАБ coaster 11. качвам се на КОРАБ board a ship, go on board (a ship), embark 12. линеен КОРАБ battle ship, capital ship 13. миночистачен КОРАБ trawler, minesweeper 14. на КОРАБа aboard (ship), on (ship)board 15. несамоходен КОРАБ a towed/tugged vessel 16. по целия КОРАБ from stem to stern 17. презокеански КОРАБ (ocean-)liner 18. пътнически КОРАБ passenger-ship 19. самоходен КОРАБ a self-propelled boat 20. слизам от КОРАБ disembark 21. товарен КОРАБ freighter, cargo-boat 22. търговски КОРАБ merchant ship/vessel, merchantman 23. цьрк. nave, net, auditorium, (напречен) transept

    Български-английски речник > кораб

  • 99 Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

    [br]
    b. 8 February 1825 Paris, France
    d. 14 April 1882 Paris, France
    [br]
    French pioneer of airships and balloons, inventor of an injector for steam-boiler feedwater.
    [br]
    Giffard entered the works of the Western Railway of France at the age of 16 but became absorbed by the problem of steam-powered aerial navigation. He proposed a steam-powered helicopter in 1847, but he then turned his attention to an airship. He designed a lightweight coke-burning, single-cylinder steam engine and boiler which produced just over 3 hp (2.2 kW) and mounted it below a cigar-shaped gas bag 44 m (144 ft) in length. A triangular rudder was fitted at the rear to control the direction of flight. On 24 September 1852 Giffard took off from Paris and, at a steady 8 km/h (5 mph), he travelled 28 km (17 miles) to Trappes. This can be claimed to be the first steerable lighter-than-air craft, but with a top speed of only 8 km/h (5 mph) even a modest headwind would have reduced the forward speed to nil (or even negative). Giffard built a second airship, which crashed in 1855, slightly injuring Giffard and his companion; a third airship was planned with a very large gas bag in order to lift the inherently heavy steam engine and boiler, but this was never built. His airships were inflated by coal gas and refusal by the gas company to provide further supplies brought these promising experiments to a premature end.
    As a draughtsman Giffard had the opportunity to travel on locomotives and he observed the inadequacies of the feed pumps then used to supply boiler feedwater. To overcome these problems he invented the injector with its series of three cones: in the first cone (convergent), steam at or below boiler pressure becomes a high-velocity jet; in the second (also convergent), it combines with feedwater to condense and impart high velocity to it; and in the third (divergent), that velocity is converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure of steam in the boiler. The injector, patented by Giffard, was quickly adopted by railways everywhere, and the royalties provided him with funds to finance further experiments in aviation. These took the form of tethered hydrogen-inflated balloons of successively larger size. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 one of these balloons carried fifty-two passengers on each tethered "flight". The height of the balloon was controlled by a cable attached to a huge steam-powered winch, and by the end of the fair 1,033 ascents had been made and 35,000 passengers had seen Paris from the air. This, and similar balloons, greatly widened the public's interest in aeronautics. Sadly, after becoming blind, Giffard committed suicide; however, he died a rich man and bequeathed large sums of money to the State for humanitarian an scientific purposes.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Croix de la Légion d'honneur 1863.
    Bibliography
    1860, Notice théorique et pratique sur l'injecteur automoteur.
    1870, Description du premier aérostat à vapeur.
    Further Reading
    Dictionnaire de biographie française.
    Gaston Tissandier, 1872, Les Ballons dirigeables, Paris.
    —1878, Le Grand ballon captif à vapeur de M. Henri Giffard, Paris.
    W.de Fonvielle, 1882, Les Ballons dirigeables à vapeur de H.Giffard, Paris. Giffard is covered in most books on balloons or airships, e.g.: Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London. L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London.
    Ian McNeill (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 575 and 614.
    J.T.Hodgson and C.S.Lake, 1954, Locomotive Management, Tothill Press, p. 100.
    PJGR / JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

  • 100 Wallis, Sir Barnes Neville

    [br]
    b. 26 September 1887 Ripley, Derbyshire, England
    d. 30 October 1979 Leatherhead, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English aeronautical designer and inventor.
    [br]
    Wallis was apprenticed first at Thames Engineering Works, and then, in 1908, at John Samuel White's shipyard at Cowes. In 1913, the Government, spurred on by the accelerating development of the German Zeppelins (see Zeppelin, Ferdinand von), ordered an airship from Vickers; Wallis was invited to join the design team. Thus began his long association with aeronautical design and with Vickers. This airship, and the R80 that followed it, were successfully completed, but the military lost interest in them.
    In 1924 the Government initiated a programme for the construction of two airships to settle once and for all their viability for long-dis-tance air travel. The R101 was designed by a Government-sponsored team, but the R100 was designed by Wallis working for a subsidiary of Vickers. The R100 took off on 29 July 1930 for a successful round trip to Canada, but the R101 crashed on its first flight on 4 October, killing many of its distinguished passengers. The shock of this disaster brought airship development in Britain to an abrupt end and forced Wallis to direct his attention to aircraft.
    In aircraft design, Wallis is known for his use of geodesic construction, which combined lightness with strength. It was applied first to the single-engined "Wellesley" and then the twin-en-gined "Wellington" bomber, which first flew in 1936. With successive modifications, it became the workhorse of RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War until the autumn of 1943, when it was replaced by four-engined machines. In other areas, it remained in service until the end of the war and, in all, no fewer than 11,461 were built.
    Wallis is best known for his work on bomb design, first the bouncing bomb that was used to breach the Möhne and Eder dams in the Ruhr district of Germany in 1943, an exploit immortalized in the film Dambusters. Encouraged by this success, the authorities then allowed Wallis to realize an idea he had long urged, that of heavy, penetration bombs. In the closing stages of the war, Tallboy, of 12,000 lb (5,400 kg), and the 10-ton Grand Slam were used to devastating effect.
    After the Second World War, Wallis returned to aeronautical design and was given his own department at Vickers to promote his ideas, principally on variable-geometry or swing-wing aircraft. Over the next thirteen years he battled towards the prototype stage of this revolutionary concept. That never came, however; changing conditions and requirements and increasing costs led to the abandonment of the project. Bit-terly disappointed, Wallis continued his researches into high-speed aircraft until his retirement from Vickers (by then the British Aircraft Corporation), in 1971.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1968. FRS 1945.
    Further Reading
    J.Morpurgo, 1972, Barnes Wallis: A Biography, London: Longman (a readable account, rather biased in Wallis's favour).
    C.J.Heap, 1987, The Papers of Sir Barnes Wallis (1887–1979) in the Science Museum Library, London: Science Museum; with a biographical introd. by L.R.Day.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Wallis, Sir Barnes Neville

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