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121 o’rta
v.t. to burn, to agitate. (o’rtan, o’rtantir) middle, center, midst, midsection; space between; space around one, vicinity; middle, central; grade of ‘satisfactory’. o’rtada in the middle, between, among; in the vicinity, nearby; held in common, (shared) among; in the meantime. o’rtaga tush to intercede, to act as a go between; to set out to do; to become a reason, to serve as an excuse. o’rta ma’lumot secondary education. o’rta maktab middle school. o’rta (hol) dehqon farmer of average means. o’rta hol neither poor nor rich, middle class. o’rtamiz buzilib qoldi We’ve had a falling out. o’rtaga ol to put in the middle, to surround; to call to task or petition as a group. o’rtaga sol /o’rtaga to’k to come out with, to say openly. ikki o’rtada between a rock and a hard place, thanks to the disagreement. o’rtamizda qolsin Let this stay just between us. o’rtadan ko’tar to get rid of. o’rta asrlar the Middle Ages. o’rta yoshdagi odam person of middle age. o’rta qo’l/o’rtaga ot to say, to come out with; to throw out (e.g., slogan). o’rtaga sukut cho’kdi all became silent. o’rtaga qo’y to place in the middle; to put forth; to propose. o’rta baho fair, satisfactory grade. o’rtasida between, among; in the middle or center of. o’rtasidan from the middle of; from among -
122 класс
1. м. мат. class, set2. м. class-room -
123 ῥέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to flow, to stream', also metaph., `to stream off, to fall off' (of hair, ripe fruits etc.), (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ῥυῆναι (γ 455), Dor. ἐρρύᾱ, fut. ῥυῆσομαι, perf. ἐρρύηκα (Att.); fut. ῥεύσομαι (Thgn., com., Hp.), ῥευσοῦμαι (Arist.), ῥεύσω (AP), aor. ῥεῦσαι (Ar. in anap., Hp., hell.).Derivatives: Many derivv., also from the prefixcompp. (here only indicated): A. with full grade. 1. ῥέεθρον (ep. Ion. Il.), ῥεῖθρον (Att.) n. `stream, river, water'; 2. ` Ρεῖτος m. name of a stream or brook, (Eleusis Va, Th., Paus.; Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 89); 3. ῥεῦμα n. `current, stream' (IA.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 267f.), `stream, rheumatism' (medic.), with - μάτιον, - ματώδης, - ματικός, - ματίζομαι, - ματισμός; 4. ῥέος n. `stream' (A; cf. on ἐυ-ρρεής below); 5. ῥεῦσις f. (hell. for ῥύσις); 6. ῥευστός `streaming, fluid' (Emp., Arist. a.o.), - στικός (Plu.), - σταλέος (Orac. ap. Eus.); 7. - ρρεί-της (from - ρρεϜέ-της) in compounds, e.g. ἐϋ-ρρείτης `streaming beautifully' (Hom. a.o.), ἀκαλα-ρρείτης (s. v.); 8. - ρρεής only in gen. ἐϋ-ρρεῖος = ἐϋ-ρρεϜέος (Il.) from ἐϋ-ρρεής `id.'; rather to ῥέω than to ῥέος (Schwyzer 513). -- B. With ο-ablaut: 1. ῥόος ( κατά- etc.), Att. ῥοῦς, Cypr. ῥόϜος m. `stream, flow'; 2. ῥοή ( ἐκ- etc.), Dor. -ά, Corc. ρhοϜαῖσι f. `flowing, stream, outflow' (Il.); from 1. or 2. ῥοΐσκος m. `brooklet' (Halaesa), ῥοώδης ( ῥοι- Gal.) `flowing, suffering of flux, having strong currents, watery, falling off' (Hp., Th., Arist. etc.), ῥοϊκός `fluid' (Hp., Dsc.), ῥοΐζω `to drench', of horses (Hippiatr.) with ῥοϊσμός H.; 3. ῥοῖαι f. pl. `floods' (Hp.); 4. - ρροια f. in prefixcompp., e.g. διάρροια (: δια-ρρέω) `flowing through, diarrhoea' (IA.; on the formation Schwyzer 469). -- C. With zero grade: 1. ῥυτός `streaming, pouring out, flowing strongly' (trag. a.o.; ἀμφί-, περί- ῥέω Od. a.o.); ῥυτόν n. `drinking horn' (Att., hell.); 2. ῥύσις ( ἔκ- a.o.) f. `flowing, flow' (IA.); 3. ῥύμα = ῥεῦμα (late) s.v.; 4. ῥύᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `strong current, rushing stream, stream of lava' (Th., Pl., Arist. a.o.), prob. Sicil. (Björck Alpha impurum 61 a. 285); cf. ῥύαγξ (cod. ῥοί-) φάραγξ H. [note that of the last two the suffixes are Pre-Greek]; 5. ῥυά̄χετος m. `multitude of people' (Lac.; Ar. Lys. 170), expressive enlargment of ῥύαξ after ὀχετός, συρφετός?; 6. ῥυάς f. (m., n.) `fluid, falling off' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.), also adjunct of ἰχθῦς or des. of certain fishes, that live in warms and follow the currents (Arist. a.o.; Strömberg Fischn. 50f., Thompson Fishes s.v.), `flow' with ῥυαδικός, `suffering flux etc.' (medic.); 7. ῥυδόν (ο 426), ῥύδην (Crates a.o.) `flooding, abounding'. -- On ῥυθμός s. v.; on ῥύτρος, ῥόα ( ῥοιά), ῥοῦς as plantnames s. ῥόα.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1003] *sreu̯- `flow, stream'Etymology: The the themat. root-present ῥέω (\< *ῥέϜω; cf. ῥόϜος a.o. above) agrees Skt. srávati `flow', IE *sréu̯-eti. Also to other forms there are exact agreements outcide Greek, of which the age is however uncertain because of the strong productivity of the relevent form-categories: ρόος = Skt. srava- m. `the flowing'; cf. OCS o-strovъ, Russ. óstrov `island' (prop. "surrounded by stream(s)"); ῥοή = Lith. sravà f. `flowing, flow of blood, menstruation'; cf. Skt. giri-sravā f. `mountainstream', ῥύσις = Skt. srutí- f. `way, stret' (but e.g. vi-sruti- `flowing out'; cf. Liebert Nom. suffix -ti- 39); ambiguous Arm. aṙu `canal'; ῥυτός = Skt. srutá- `flowing'; cf. Lith. srùtos pl. (dial. -tà sg.) f. `liquid manure, (animal)urine'; (ἐϋ) - ρρεής: Skt. ( madhu) - sravas- m. "dripping of honey", plantname (lex.). Over aginst the neuter ῥεῦμα (IE *sreu̯-mn̥) stands in Balto-Slav. a corresponding masc., e.g. Lith. sraumuõ, gen. -meñs `rapid' (IE *srou̯-mon-); similar Thrac. rivername Στρυμών. An m-suffix also in Germ., e.g. OWNo. straumr ' stream' (IE *srou̯-mo-), in Celt., e.g. OIr. sruaim `stream' and in Alb. rrymë `stream' (Mann Lang. 28, 37). -- Genetic connection has also been supposed between Dor. aor. ἐ-ρρύᾱ and Lith. pret. pa-srùvo `flowed' (\< *-āt; Schwyzer 743 w. n. 11 a. lit.), also between Ion.-Att. ἐρρύη and Lith. inf. sravė́ti. Formally identical are also the futures ῥεύσομαι (- σω) and Skt. sroṣyati. Further the Greek and Sanskrit as well as the Balt. verbal systems go different ways. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 702 f., Pok. 1003; Fraenkel s. sravė́ti, Vasmer s. strúmenъ; older lit. also in Bq. -- Vgl. ῥώομαι.Page in Frisk: 2,650-652Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέω
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124 ῥικνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `bent, crooked, shrivelled (of age, dryness, cold), stiff' (ep. poet. h.Ap.); ῥικνοφυεῖς τὰς στρεβλὰς καὶ πεπιεσμένας H.Compounds: ἐπί-ρρικνος `somewhat bent' (X., Poll.).Derivatives: ῥικν-ήεις `id.', enlarged form (Nic.); - ότης = καμπυλότης H.; - ώδης `shrivelled' (Hp., AP); ῥικνόομαι, rarely with κατα-, δια-, `to shrivel, to contract, to contort' (S., Arist., Opp.) with ῥίκνωσις f. `shrivelling, wrinkledness' (Hp.). -- Beside it ῥοικός `crooked, bowlegged' (Archil., Hp., Arist.). -- Further ῥικάζεται H. as explanation (beside στροβεῖται) of ῥιξικάζεται (s.v.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1158] *wroiḱ- `turn, envelop, crooked'Etymology: With ῥικ-νός: ῥοικ-ός cf. e.g. πικ-ρός: ποικ-ίλος. With ῥοικός agree Lith. ráišas (raĩšas) `limping, lame' (cf. for the meaning κυλλός `crooked, crippled'), Germ., MEng. wrāh `wrong, stubborn', NDutch wreeg `stiff', formally also Av. urvaēsa m. `whirlwind, tuningpoint of the racecourse', IE *u̯riḱo-s m. approx. `turning, curvature', adj. `turned, crooked'. Beside it from IE *u̯reiḱo-s a.o. MLG wrīch `forbidden, distorted, fixed, stiff etc.' Corresponding primary verbs: a zero grade yot-present in Av. urvis-ya- `turn in circles, turn about'; a full grade root-present in OE wrēon (PGm. *u̯rīhan, IE *u̯reiḱ-) with pret. wrāh (PGm. *u̯raih, IE *u̯roiḱ-a) `envelop' (on the meaning cf. εἰλύω and 2. εἰλέω; s.vv.). A denominative or deverbative deriv. is the ἅπ. λεγ ῥικάζεται H.; the form ῥιξικά-ζεται, thus glossed (and with στροβεῖται), must, if at all rightly transmitted, be an expressive enlargement; cf. Baunack Phil. 70, 370. -- Further representatives of this richly developed root in WP. 1, 278 f.. Pok. 1158f., W.-Hofmann s. rīca ('enveloping kerchief'; IE *u̯reiḱā), Fraenkel s. ráišas 1.; there rich lit.Page in Frisk: 2,656Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥικνός
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125 below
❢ When below is used as a preposition to talk about the physical position of something, it is most often translated by au-dessous de: the apartment below mine = l'appartement au-dessous du mien ; below the knee = au-dessous du genou.The most notable exceptions are for the expressions below the ground and below the surface, when sous is used: sous le sol, sous la surface. For other prepositional uses of below and for adverbial uses see the entry below.A prep1 ( under) en dessous de ; the apartment below mine l'appartement au-dessous du mien ; below the knee/the waist au-dessous du genou/de la taille ; below the surface sous la surface ; below (the) ground sous le sol ; one kilometre below the surface à un kilomètre de profondeur ; below sea level au-dessous du niveau de la mer ; his name was below mine on the list son nom était au-dessous du or sous le mien sur la liste ; in the field below the castle dans le champ en contrebas du château ; the valley/river below them/you etc la vallée/rivière en contrebas ;2 (less than: in quantity, degree etc) en dessous de, inférieur à ; below the average/10% en dessous de or inférieur à la moyenne/10% ; below the age of 12 en dessous de 12 ans ; 10° below (freezing) 10° en dessous de zéro ; below target/expectations/inflation inférieur aux objectifs/aux prévisions/à l'inflation ; his performance was below his usual standard sa prestation était bien moins bonne que d'habitude ; your behaviour was (well) below the standard expected of a manager ta conduite n'était pas (du tout) à la hauteur du poste de directeur ;3 ( inferior in rank to) the people below him in the department les gens du service au-dessous de lui ; those below the rank of Major Mil les militaires qui sont au-dessous du grade de major ; a lieutenant is below a captain lieutenant est un grade inférieur à capitaine ; those employees below management level les employés qui ne font pas partie de la direction ; the teams below them in the table ( Sport etc) les équipes moins bien classées qu'eux ;4 ( south of) au sud de, au-dessous de ; below Liverpool/London au sud de Liverpool/de Londres ;5 ( downstream from) en aval de ;6 ( unworthy of) ⇒ beneath A 2.B adv1 ( lower down) 100 metres below 100 mètres plus bas ; the village/the river below le village/la rivière en contrebas ; the people/cars (down) below les gens/voitures en bas ; the apartment below l'appartement en dessous ; seen from below vu d'en bas ; the miners working below les mineurs qui travaillent sous terre ;2 (later on page, in book etc) ci-dessous ; see below voir ci-dessous ; the information below les données ci-dessous ; -
126 فئة
فِئَة \ bracket: a grouping, usu. of people who share some quality: the 16-25 age bracket; the upper income bracket. category: a group or division in which each member is like the rest in a certain way; a kind or sort: Fishing may be placed in the category of sport, or in that of earning a living, according to its purpose. gang: a group of men who work together (on roads, railways, new buildings, etc.). grade: a step or level, in quality or rank: Aeroplanes use a high grade of petrol. party: a group of people who travel together or who gather for a special purpose: A party of students got on the bus. A search party found the lost child. -
127 bracket
فِئَة \ bracket: a grouping, usu. of people who share some quality: the 16-25 age bracket; the upper income bracket. category: a group or division in which each member is like the rest in a certain way; a kind or sort: Fishing may be placed in the category of sport, or in that of earning a living, according to its purpose. gang: a group of men who work together (on roads, railways, new buildings, etc.). grade: a step or level, in quality or rank: Aeroplanes use a high grade of petrol. party: a group of people who travel together or who gather for a special purpose: A party of students got on the bus. A search party found the lost child. -
128 category
فِئَة \ bracket: a grouping, usu. of people who share some quality: the 16-25 age bracket; the upper income bracket. category: a group or division in which each member is like the rest in a certain way; a kind or sort: Fishing may be placed in the category of sport, or in that of earning a living, according to its purpose. gang: a group of men who work together (on roads, railways, new buildings, etc.). grade: a step or level, in quality or rank: Aeroplanes use a high grade of petrol. party: a group of people who travel together or who gather for a special purpose: A party of students got on the bus. A search party found the lost child.
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