-
41 не позднее
1) General subject: at (the) latest, at the latest, not later than, on or before, within, no later than (The United boss will have a personal hearing at a date no later than 25 March.), by2) Law: on or prior to (перед указанием на к.-л. дату), fewer than (is effective fewer than three business days), prior to or on -
42 son
m.1 sound (sonido).2 Cuban song and dance of African origin.3 melody.pres.indicat.3rd person plural (ellos/ellas) present indicative of spanish verb: ser.* * *1 (sonido) sound\¿a son de qué? whatever for?, why?bailar al son que tocan figurado to toe the lineen son de paz in peacesin ton ni son without rhyme or reason* * *ISM1) (Mús) (=sonido) sound; (=sonido agradable) pleasant sound2) (=rumor) rumour, rumor (EEUU)corre el son de que... — there is a rumour o (EEUU) rumor going round that...
3) (=estilo) manner, style¿a qué son?, ¿a son de qué? — why on earth?
en son de — as, like
en son de broma — as o for a joke
4) LAm Afro-Cuban dance and tuneIIson huasteco — Méx folk song from Veracruz ; ver bailar 1., 1)
* * *I1)a) ( sonido) soundal son del violín — to the strains o to the sound of the violin
bailar al son de la música que me/te/le tocan — to toe the line
b)en son de: lo dijo en son de burla she said it mockingly o in a mocking tone; venimos en son de paz — we come in peace
2) ( canción latinoamericana) song with a lively, danceable beatII* * *----* en son de guerra = on the warpath.* en son de paz = peacefully.* hablar sin ton ni son = talk through + Posesivo + hat.* lanzarse sin ton ni son = dive + head-first.* sin to ni son = for no good reason.* sin ton ni son = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, without rhyme or reason.* venir en son de paz = come in + peace.* * *I1)a) ( sonido) soundal son del violín — to the strains o to the sound of the violin
bailar al son de la música que me/te/le tocan — to toe the line
b)en son de: lo dijo en son de burla she said it mockingly o in a mocking tone; venimos en son de paz — we come in peace
2) ( canción latinoamericana) song with a lively, danceable beatII* * ** en son de guerra = on the warpath.* en son de paz = peacefully.* hablar sin ton ni son = talk through + Posesivo + hat.* lanzarse sin ton ni son = dive + head-first.* sin to ni son = for no good reason.* sin ton ni son = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, without rhyme or reason.* venir en son de paz = come in + peace.* * *son1A1 (sonido) soundal son del violín to the strains o to the sound of the violinbailar al son de la música que me/te/le tocan (literal) to dance to the (sound of the) music; (obedecer) to toe the line2en son de: lo dijo en son de burla she said it mockingly o in a mocking way o in a mocking tonevenimos en son de paz we come in peacevenían en son de guerra they were on the warpathB (canción latinoamericana) song with a lively, danceable beat* * *
Del verbo ser: ( conjugate ser)
son es:
3ª persona plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
ser
son
ser ( conjugate ser) cópula
1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;
es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf;
es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic;
era cierto it was true;
sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still;
que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy;
(+ me/te/le etc)
ver tb imposible, difícil etc
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
es viuda she's a widow;
ver tb estar 1 cópula 2
3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;
ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me
4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):
soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba;
es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors';
no soy de aquí I'm not from around here
5 (hipótesis, futuro):
¿será cierto? can it be true?
verbo intransitivo
1
b) (liter) ( en cuentos):◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …
2a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):
¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?b) ( en preguntas):◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;
¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq);
¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us?
3 ( sumar):◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;
son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos;
somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether
4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) son para algo to be for sth;
( en locs)
¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq);
como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what;
hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done;
el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever;
puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like;
de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml);
¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!;
es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?;
es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim;
lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something;
estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes;
o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago;
o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested;
o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out;
(ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …;
sea como sea at all costs;
sea cuando sea whenever it is;
sea donde sea no matter where;
sea quien sea whoever it is;
si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for …
( en el tiempo) to be;◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;
serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived;
ver tb v impers
son v impers to be;
son v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be;
fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900
■ sustantivo masculino
1
◊ son humano/vivo human/living beingb) (individuo, persona):
2 ( naturaleza):
son sustantivo masculino
1
◊ al son del violín to the strains o to the sound of the violinb)◊ en son de: lo dijo en son de burla she said it mockingly;
venimos en son de paz we come in peace
2 ( canción latinoamericana) song with a lively, danceable beat
ser
I sustantivo masculino
1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
ser humano, human being
ser vivo, living being
2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
ya es la una, it's one o'clock
3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people
(al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas
Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes
(adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave
♦ Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
como sea, anyhow
de no ser por..., had it not been for
es más, furthermore
es que..., it's just that...
lo que sea, whatever
o sea, that is (to say)
sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit
son sustantivo masculino
1 (sonido) sound
2 LAm (ritmo cubano) son
♦ Locuciones: bailar al son que le tocan, to toe the line o to do everything one is told to do
hacer algo sin ton ni son, to do sthg any old how
venir en son de paz, to come in peace
' son' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonar
- abdicar
- abuelo
- adicta
- adicto
- alma
- amenaza
- ansiedad
- asesinar
- astilla
- bailar
- bicho
- carnal
- coherente
- comestible
- como quiera
- comoquiera
- concluyente
- condición
- conocida
- conocido
- conquista
- consistente
- consuegra
- consuegro
- contaminante
- cosa
- Cristo
- criticón
- criticona
- debilidad
- directoria I
- directorio
- díscola
- díscolo
- discorde
- divertida
- divertido
- doméstica
- doméstico
- dos
- dudosa
- dudoso
- enamorada
- enamorado
- entendida
- entendido
- ser
- escollo
- escorzo
English:
action
- after
- alike
- also
- amount to
- amusement
- and
- antihistamine
- Arabian
- archery
- arrangement
- attention span
- baby-sit
- be
- border
- breeding ground
- butt in
- by
- call
- carefree
- certain
- chance
- check up on
- colour
- come up to
- common
- compare
- conflicting
- construe
- cornerstone
- crepe
- criticize
- danger
- daylight
- diametrically
- differ
- discouraging
- disown
- distracted
- doubtful
- dune
- dutiful
- easy
- enemy
- exact
- exploit
- father
- flamingo
- footnote
- for
* * *♦ nm1. [sonido] sound;se escuchaba el son de una gaita the sound of bagpipes could be heard;bailar al son que tocan: ése baila al son que le tocan los de arriba he does whatever his bosses tell him to do2. [canción y baile] = Cuban song and dance of African origin♦ en son de loc preplo dijo en son de burla/disculpa she said it as a taunt/by way of an apology;venir en son de paz to come in peace;venir en son de guerra to come with warlike intentionsSONThe Cuban music known as son evolved from a fusion of African and Spanish musical influences in the late 19th century, and is the basis of much of today's Caribbean music, such as salsa or mambo. Before the 1920s, when it became widely popular, son was mostly enjoyed by the lower classes and was once even banned for being immoral. A son group usually consists of the “tres” (a double-stringed guitar), bongos, “claves” or “palos” (a pair of sticks which are struck together to give a beat), a normal guitar, a bass guitar and voice, although there are many variations. Among the greatest exponents of son were Benny Moré (1919-63) and Arsenio Rodríguez (1911-72).* * *I m sound;al son de to the sound of;en son de broma jokingly;en son de paz in peaceII vb → ser* * *son nm1) : soundal son de la trompeta: at the sound of the trumpet2) : news, rumor3)en son de : as, in the manner of, by way ofen son de broma: as a jokeen son de paz: in peace -
43 Merica, Paul Dyer
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 March 1889 Warsaw, Indiana, USAd. 20 October 1957 Tarrytown, New York, USA[br]American physical metallurgist who elucidated the mechanism of the age-hardening of alloys.[br]Merica graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1908. Before proceeding to the University of Berlin, he spent some time teaching in Wisconsin and in China. He obtained his doctorate in Berlin in 1914, and in that year he joined the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Washington. During his five years there, he investigated the causes of the phenomenon of age-hardening of the important new alloy of aluminium, Duralumin.This phenomenon had been discovered not long before by Dr Alfred Wilm, a German research metallurgist. During the early years of the twentieth century, Wilm had been seeking a suitable light alloy for making cartridge cases for the Prussian government. In the autumn of 1909 he heated and quenched an aluminium alloy containing 3.5 per cent copper and 0.5 per cent magnesium and found its properties unremarkable. He happened to test it again some days later and was impressed to find its hardness and strength were much improved: Wilm had accidentally discovered age-hardening. He patented the alloy, but he made his rights over to Durener Metallwerke, who marketed it as Duralumin. This light and strong alloy was taken up by aircraft makers during the First World War, first for Zeppelins and then for other aircraft.Although age-hardened alloys found important uses, the explanation of the phenomenon eluded metallurgists until in 1919 Merica and his colleagues at the NBS gave the first rational explanation of age-hardening in light alloys. When these alloys were heated to temperatures near their melting points, the alloying constituents were taken into solution by the matrix. Quenching retained the alloying metals in supersaturated solid solution. At room temperature very small crystals of various intermetallic compounds were precipitated and, by inserting themselves in the aluminium lattice, had the effect of increasing the hardness and strength of the alloy. Merica's theory stimulated an intensive study of hardening and the mechanism that brought it about, with important consequences for the development of new alloys with special properties.In 1919 Merica joined the International Nickel Company as Director of Research, a post he held for thirty years and followed by a three-year period as President. He remained in association with the company until his death.[br]Bibliography1919, "Heat treatment and constitution of Duralumin", Sci. Papers, US Bureau of Standards, no. 37; 1932, "The age-hardening of metals", Transactions of the American Institution of Min. Metal 99:13–54 (his two most important papers).Further ReadingZ.Jeffries, 1959, "Paul Dyer Merica", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science 33:226–39 (contains a list of Merica's publications and biographical details).LRD -
44 Train, George Francis
[br]b. 24 March 1829 Boston, Massachusetts, USA d. 1904[br]American entrepreneur who introduced tramways to the streets of London.[br]He was the son of a merchant, Oliver Train, who had settled in New Orleans, Louisiana. His mother and sister died in a yellow fever epidemic and he was sent to live on his grandmother's farm at Waltham, Massachusetts, where he went to the district school. He left in 1843 and was apprenticed in a grocery store in nearby Cambridge, where, one day, a relative named Enoch Train called to see him. George Train left and went to join his relative's shipping office across the river in Boston; Enoch Train, among other enterprises, ran a packet line to Liverpool and, in 1850, sent George to England to manage his Liverpool office. Three years later, George Train went to Melbourne, Australia, and established his own shipping firm; he is said to have earned £95,000 in his first year there. In 1855 he left Australia to travel in Europe and the Levant where he made many contacts. In the late 1850s and early 1860s he was in England seeking capital for American railroads and promoting the construction of street railways or trams in Liverpool, London and Staffordshire. In 1862 he was back in Boston, where he was put in jail for disturbing a public meeting; in 1870, he achieved momentary fame for travelling around the world in eighty days.[br]Further ReadingD.Malone (ed.), 1932–3, Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. 5, New York: Charles Scribner.IMcN
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