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61 кодекс
чкодекс законів (звід) — code of laws; corpus juris лат.; pandect
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62 свод законов
body of laws, code of laws -
63 KVIÐR
I)(-ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.1) verdict (of neighbours); bera kvið um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera kvið á e-n, í móti e-m (af e-m), to give a verdict against (for, in favour of) one;2) inquest, jury; kveðja e-n kviðar, to call (a neighbour) on an inquest; ryðja kviðinn, bjóða til ruðningar um kviðinn, to challenge the jury;3) saying, word; kviðr norna, the decree of the Fates (kveld lifir maðr ekki eptir kvið norna).(-ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.1) belly, abdomen;2) womb.* * *1.m., gen. kviðar, pl. kviðir, acc. pl. kviðu. [Ulf. qiss = -φημία, -λογία, as in ana-qiss = βλασφημία; þiuþi-qiss and waila-qiss = εὐλογία; missa-qiss = σχίσμα, etc.]:—prop. a saw, saying, speech, word, and hence in law a verdict given by neighbours; for the Engl. ‘verdict’ is indeed a kind of rendering of the Norse term; kviðr Norna, the word of the Norns, weird, fate, death, kveld lifir maðr ekki eptir kvið Norna, Hðm. 31; orðs-kviðr, a saw, proverb; mis-kviðr, ‘saying-amiss,’ false pleading. The old law makes a distinction between vætti ( a witness) and kviðr ( a verdict),—þar er bæði fylgir einni sök vætti ok kviðr, þá skal vætti fara fyrr fram en kviðr, Grág. i. 47: before delivering his opinion each neighbour had to take an oath,—þat er mælt, áðr kviðr sé borinn, at þeir skulu eiða vinna allir áðr at dómi, 53. The old records mention various kinds of neighbours and verdicts:1. in Norse law,α. the heimis-kviðr (heims-kviðr, heimilis-k.) or a ‘home-verdict,’ a verdict of neighbours, bearing some resemblance to the oath of compurgators; ten, or in lesser cases four or six, neighbours were to accompany the accused to the court, two of whom had to swear on the book, and the rest followed,—en þat er heims kviðr er tíu menn fylgja til móts, en sverja tveir menn á bók, en átta sanna þat, N. G. L. i. 311, cp. ii. 505; hafa með sér heimiliskviðar-vátta til þings, K. Á. 214; hann hafi heiman heimiliskviðar-vitni, 152; nema heimiliskviðar-vitni fylgi, Gþl. 193: þá skal með þessu heimiliskviðar-vitni sækja, N. G. L. 4. 140 (heimskviðar-vitni, 337); þá skal með þessu heimiliskviðjar-vitni sækja, at einn skal bera en tveir sanna um þriggja aura mál, en um sex aura mál skal einn sanna en fjórir sverja, en þeir skulu vera fylkis-menn, N. G. L. i. 140, 316; en ef eigi kemr saga hins sára fram á fyrsta þingi né heimiliskviðar-vitni, þá …, 160: similar were the ‘sandemænd’ ( soothmen) of the early Danish law; to this the old saw refers, hættr er heimiskviðr, nema sér góðan geti, perilous is the home-verdict, unless one gets a good one, Sdm. 25.β. in Icel., unless the bjargkviðr (q. v.) be identical to heimis-kviðr, this sort of verdict is seldom mentioned; eigi skal heimis-kvið annan at henda, Grág. i. 361.2. in Icel. law the tólftar-kviðr ( verdict of twelve), also called goða-kviðr ( priest verdict), Grág. i. 168, viz. a body of twelve men, of whom eleven were to be summoned by the goði of the district, and he, being the twelfth of the number, had to deliver the final verdict. The verdict of twelve was only appointed for certain cases defined in the law, K. Þ. K. 168, v. l.; nú hefir maðr tólptar-kviðar kvatt, ok skal goði nefna þriðjungs-menn sína til kviðar þess með sér, ok er honum rétt hvárz þeir eru bændr eða grið-menn, hann skal ellefu menn nefna aðra en sik, Grág. i. 57, see the whole chapter 17 in Þ. Þ., as also the Grág. passim; ella kveðja til tylptar-kviðar goða þess (þann?) er sóttr er …, en ef sjálfr er sóttr goðinn þeirri sök, þá skal kveðja samþingis-goðann tólptar-kviðar; tólptar-kviðar skal kveðja þann goða er sá er í þingi er sóttr er, Grág. i. 138; er goði er kvaddr tólptar-kviðar um þat er hann á eigi at skilja, þá …, 168, 207; nú koma menn til þings, ok málit í dóm, ok á Glúmr (in his capacity as goði) at bera tólptar-kvið, … Glúmr berr at honum kviðinn ok únýtti málit, Glúm. ch. 18: tólptar-kviðr átti um at skilja, en hvárrgi þeirra Snorra né Arnkels þótti bera mega kviðinn fyrir hleyta sakir við sækjanda ok varnar-aðilja, var þá Helgi Hofgarða-goði kvaddr tylptar-kviðar, … eptir þat bar Helgi at kviðinn, Eb. ch. 16, cp. also the passage in Lv. ch. 4, where a verdict of twelve seems to be meant.β. but the common popular verdict was the búa-kviðr or neighbour-verdict, given by five, and in some cases by nine, neighbours (see búi), who had to be summoned either at home (kveðja búa heiman) or in certain exceptional instances in the court (á þingi); the instances in the Grág. and the Sagas, esp. the Nj., are almost endless: technical phrase, bera kvið, to give the verdict, Nj. 87, Grág. i. 57, passim; as also, bera af kviðinn, or, bera á kviðinn, to give a verdict for or against, (see bera B. I); ryðja kvið or kviðu, prop. to ‘clear the verdict,’ i. e. to challenge the neighbours, Grág. i. 29; bjóða til ruðningar um kviðinn, Nj. 87, passim.γ. a special kind, egningar-kviðr, a kind of law quirk, Grág. i. 56: ironical, nú er getið um fyrir Þorkatli at honum þykkja ríkt bornir kviðirnir, Lv. 27. From the analogy of the Icel. customs, it can be inferred with certainty that along with the invasion of the Danes and Norsemen, the judgment by verdict was also transplanted to English ground, for the settlers of England were kith and kin to those of Iceland, carrying with them the same laws and customs; lastly, after the Conquest it became the law of the land. This old Scandinavian institution gradually died out in the mother countries, and came to an end in Icel. A. D. 1271–1281, with the fall of the Commonwealth, and the introduction of a Norse code of laws, whereas it was naturalised in England, which came to be the classical land of trial by jury.2.m., gen. kviðar, pl. kviðir, acc. pl. kviðu; [Ulf. qiþus = κοιλία, μήτηρ; A. S. cwið; O. H. G. quiti; Swed. qved; Gr. γαστήρ; cp. Lat. venter]:—the womb; Ulfr reist á honum kviðinn, Nj. 275; minta styrkir kvið, Lækn.: of animals, svall allr kviðrinn á hestinum, Bs. i. 345; so water reaches, upp í kvið; éta hálfan kvið, to eat half one’s fill; fara síganda kviði, to go with a sinking belly, i. e. to limp, lag behind; get ek at þeim fari héðan af síganda kviði, Grett. 151 A; hann tók hendi sinni niðr undir miðjan kviðinn, Edda 33, Fms. iv. 385.2. esp. the womb, Lat. uterus; konu er barn hefir kviknat í kviði, K. Þ. K. 134, Grág. ii. 69; þat barn er eigi arfgengt, er kvikt er í kviði áðr móðurinni sé frelsi gefit, i. 178; óx brúðar kviðr frá brjósti niðr, Bjarn. (in a verse), Fms. vi. 350–352, as also the N. T.,—þú munt getnað fá í kviði þínum, Luke i. 31; ok barnið spratt upp í hennar kviði, 41, 44; blessaðr er ávöxtr kviðar þíns, 42; áðr en hann var getinn í móður-kviði, ii. 21; allt karlkyns þat er fyrst opnaði sinnar móður kvið, 23; af móður-kviði fæddir, Matth. xix. 12, Gal. i. 15; sæll er sá kviðr er þig bar og þau brjóst er þú milktir, Luke xi. 27. -
64 кодекс
сущ.- кодекс законов о труденарушать этический кодекс — ( этические нормы) to violate a code of ethics
- кодекс о браке и семье
- кодекс чести
- арбитражный процессуальный кодекс
- гражданский кодекс
- гражданский процессуальный кодекс
- дисциплинарный кодекс
- таможенный кодекс - хозяйственный кодекс
- этический кодекс -
65 свод
муж.1) vault, arch; мн. ч. vaultingнебесный свод — firmament; the vault of heaven
возводить свод — (над чем-л.) to vault
крестовый свод — архит. cross-vaulting, groined vault
круглый свод — архит. calotte
образовывать свод — to roof, to overarch
обратный свод — архит. invert
пазуха свода — архит. spandrel
сооружать свод — строит. to cove
стрельчатый свод — архит. ogive
2) юр. codeсвод законов — code of laws, legal code; statute book
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66 яса Чингис-Хана
leg.N.P. Genghis Khan's code, Mongolian code of laws -
67 кодекс о браке и семье
Русско-английский юридический словарь > кодекс о браке и семье
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68 חמורבי
n. Hammurabi, (died 1750 BC) king of Babylonia who established the code of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi -
69 स्मृतिः _smṛtiḥ
स्मृतिः f. [स्मृ-क्तिन्]1 Remembrance; recollection, memory; अश्वत्थामा करधृतधनुः किं न यातः स्मृतिं ते Ve.3.21; संस्कारमात्रजन्यं ज्ञानं स्मृतिः T. S.; स्मृत्युपस्थितौ इमौ द्वौ श्लोकौ U.6;4.2.-2 Thinking of, calling to mind.-3 What was delivered by human authors, law, traditional law, the body of traditional or memorial law (civil or religious) (opp. श्रुति).-4 A code of laws, law-book.-5 A text of Smṛiti, canon, rule of law; इति स्मृतेः.-6 Desire, wish.-7 Discrimination, discretion; स्मृतौ हतायां भृतमानदुर्दृशः Bhāg.4.3.17.-8 Understanding.-Comp. -अन्तरम् another law-book.-अपेत a.1 forgotten.-2 inconsistent with Smṛiti.-3 (hence) illegal, unjust.-उक्त a. prescribed or enjoined in the codes of law, canonical.-जातः the god of love.-तन्त्रम् a law-book.-पत्रकम् a register-book; राजाद्यङ्कितलेखस्य धारयेत् स्मृति- पत्रकम् Śukra.2.287.-पथः, -विषयः the object of memory; स्मृतिपथं, स्मृतिविषयं गम् to be dead; सर्वं यस्य वशा- दगात् स्मृतिपथं कालाय तस्मै नमः Bh.3.37; समं यैः संवृद्धाः स्मृति- विषयतां ते$पि गमिताः 38.-पाठकः a lawyer.-प्रत्यवमर्शः retentiveness of memory, accuracy of recollection.-प्रबन्धः a legal work.-भ्रंशः loss of failure of memory.-रोधः temporary interruption of memory; loss or failure of memory; शापादसि प्रतिहता स्मृतिरोधरूक्षे भर्तर्यपेत- तमसि प्रभुता तवैव । Ś.7.32.-विनयः a reprimand given to a person by reminding him of his duty.-विभ्रमः confusion of memory.-विरुद्ध a. illegal.-विरोधः 1 opposition to law, illegality.-2 disagreement between two or more Smṛitis or legal texts; स्मृतिविरोधं परिहरति S. B.; cf. स्मृत्योर्विरोधे न्यायस्तु बलवान् व्यवहारतः Y.2.21.-विषयः the range of memory.-शास्त्रम् 1 a law-book, code, digest.-2 legal science.-शेष a. deceased, dead (as a person).-शैथिल्यम् loss of memory.-संमत a. approved by law.-साध्य a. capable of being proved by law.-हीन forgetful.-हेतुः a cause of recollection, impression on the mind, association of ideas. -
70 свод
1. м.arch, vault2. м. (собрание документов, материалов и т. п.)небесный свод — firmament; the vault / canopy / dome of heaven поэт.
code -
71 закон
law; юр. act, statute, enactmentзакон природи — law of nature, natural law; the law of the wild
закон Божий — ( God's) Law; religion ( шкільний предмет)
традиційний (неписаний) закон — common law, customary ( unwritten) law
парламентський закон — Act of Parliament, bill
вводити закон в дію — to implement a law, to put a law in force
виводити закон — to deduce, to work out a low
дотримуватися закону — to observe the law, to keep within the law
поза законом — without the law, ( to be) outlawed
оголосити поза законом — to outlaw; to proscribe
зведення законів — legal code; statute book; code of laws
сила закону — validity/force of the law
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72 зведення
с1) (повідомлення; відомості) report, summaryзведення погоди — weather forecast; ( за певний період) weather report
2) ( сукупність текстів) code3) ( будівництво) erection, construction; raising4) ( рахунків) settling -
73 звід
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74 lög-bók
f. a ‘law-book,’ code of laws, Fms. vii. 305, viii. 277, K. Þ. K. 24, N. G. L. i. 378, Ísl. Ann. 1271, 1272, 1280, D. N. passim: but as the Icel. Commonwealth has no fixed code, so the word never applies to Icel. previous to the union with Norway. -
75 réttar-bót
f. an amendment of the law, a ‘novel’ in law, esp. a Norse law term used in the Icel. law after the introduction of a code of laws, when from time to time new amendments ( novellae) were issued by the king; these were written as an appendix to the law code (and since then printed), and were, for the sake of distinction, called réttarbót, see Jb. 445 sqq, N. G. L. i. 257, 258: en er þetta spurðisk í annat fylki ok þriðja, hver réttarbót Þrændum var gefin, Gísl. 84, Bs. ii. 18; hann hét þeim sinni vináttu ok réttarbót, Ó. H. 35; else the word does not occur in the old Icel. law. -
76 código penal
• criminal code• penal code• penal laws -
77 arautegi
iz. law code, code of laws -
78 кодекс о браке и семье
Русско-английский юридический словарь > кодекс о браке и семье
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79 código fiscal
m.tax code, Internal Revenue Code, tax laws. -
80 derecho obrero
m.labor legislation, labour code, labor code, labor laws.
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