-
81 hand-klæði
n. a hand-towel, N. G. L. ii. 443, Nj. 176, Fms. iii. 194: for use in church, Vm. 15, 104, 117, Dipl. iii. 4, B. K. 83. -
82 hámetta
u, f. (for. word), an amice, in church service, Vm. passim. -
83 HEILAGR
(acc. helgan (heilagan), pl. helgir (heilagir), &c.), a.1) holy;2) inviolable, sacred.* * *adj., usually contracted before a vowel, whereby the root vowel becomes short, thus helgan, helgir, helgum, helgar, and the definite helgi, helga; but also uncontractcd, esp. in mod. usage, heilagir, heilagan, heilögum, definite heilagi; [Ulf. seems not to have known the word, and renders αγιος etc. by veihs; so also in Dan. and Swed. local names, holy places and temples are marked by a prefixed or suffixed vi-, e. g. Vi-borg, Odens-e (= Óðins-vé): heilagr is derived in a metaph. sense from heill, whole, and is consequently not so old as the primitive vé, veihs; so A. S. hâlag; Engl. holy; Hel. hêlag; Germ. heilig; Dan. hellig; Swed. helig]:I. holy in heathen usage, helgar kindir, holy beings, Vsp. I; hár baðmr heilagr, 19, v. l.; heilög goð, holy gods; ginnheilög goð, Vsp.; heilakt land, Gm. 4; heilög (grind) fyrir helgum dyrum, 22; heilög vötn, 29, Hkv. 2. 1; heilög fjöll (hélug?), Fm. 26; helgu fulli, the holy toast of Odin, i. e. song, poetry, Edda (in a verse); af helgu skutli, from the holy table, Haustl. 4; þat vatn er svá heilakt, at …, Edda 11; brunnr mjök heilagr, 10: in local names, þat fjall kallaði hann Helga-fell, Holy-fell, Eb. 10; at þeir görði lönd sín helgari en aðrar jarðir, 20; ok kallar þá jörð nú eigi helgari en aðra, 24:—heilagir fiskar (mod. heilag-fiski), a halibut, Dan. helle-flynder, Bs. i. 365.2. as a law term (and this is no doubt the original sense of the word), inviolable, one whose person is sacred, who cannot be slain with impunity, esp. within certain boundaries; hann (fjörbaugs-maðr, q. v.) skal heilagr vera at þeim heimilum ok í örskots-helgi við á alla vega, etc., Grág. i. 89; hann er heilagr á þeirri götu ok í örskots-helgi við þá götu, 132; hann verðr eigi heilagr ef eigi var sagt til heimilis hans at féráns-dómi, ok eigi verðr hann heilagr ef eigi gelzk fé þat er þar skyldi gjaldask, 133; hann er jamheilagr á götu er hann ferr til skips, 90, vide Þ. Þ. ch. 33 sqq.; falla óheilagr, to fall unholy, to be slain as an outlaw for whom no weregild was to be paid, Grág. and Sagas passim, cp. the interesting passages in Landn. 5. ch. 4, Sturl. 1. ch. 14; frið-heilagr, ‘peace-holy,’ protected, a term for birds and animals protected by law; úheilagr, outlawed, exlex: closely akin are the above phrases, in which heilagr is used as an epithet of places, h. land, fjöll, etc.II. eccl. holy, Lat. sanctus, Bs. passim, N. T., hymns, sermons, etc.; Heilagr Audi, the Holy Ghost; helgir dagar, holy days; halda heilagt, vide halda; helgir dómar, holy relics; but helgi-dómr, holidom, sanctuarium; heilög orð, holy words; helgir siðir, holy rites; helgar bækr, holy books; helgar tíðir, horae canonicae; helgir menn, saints of the Roman church; Heilagir = Άγιοι, i. e. Christians, N. T.2. of special feasts, Helga Vika, the Holy Week, the week after Whitsuntide, Dipl. iii. to; Nóttin Helga, the Holy Night, cp. Germ. Weihnachten; Helgi Þórs-dagr, Holy Thursday, Fms. ix. -
84 heima-land
n. home-land, the home estate, Fms. ii. 90, Bs. i. 287, 841, D. I. i. 240, Vm. passim; an estate on which a church is built. -
85 heima-tíund
f. ‘home-tithe,’ i. e. the tithe of the estate on which a church is built, to be paid to the lay landlord, Vm. 19, Am. 90, D. N. -
86 héraðs-kirkja
u, f. a parish church (Norse), N. G. L. i. 344, Fms. x. 153. -
87 heyrandi
(pl. -endr), m. hearer; í heyranda (gen. pl.) hljóði, in the hearing of all, in public.* * *part. a hearer, Grett. 133 (opt er í holti heyrandi nær, vide holt): plur. heyrendr, hearers, at a meeting, church, or the like, Post. 645. 92, Bs. i. 741; hence the law phrase, í heyranda (gen. pl.) hljóði, in the hearing of all, in public, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 19, passim. -
88 hey-tollr
m. a hay toll, to be paid to a church, Dipl. v. 12, Vm. 115. -
89 hjóna-vígsla
u, f. a wedding (in church), H. E. i. 474. -
90 hlað-kross
m. a lace-cross, made of lace, Pm. 124 (in a church). -
91 HLÝÐA
(-dda, -tt), v.1) to listen (eyrum hlýðir hann, en augum skoðar);hlýða e-m, to listen (give ear) to one;hlýða messu, tíðum, to hear mass, attend service;hlýða á e-t or til e-s, to listen to (sitja menn þar umhverfis ok hlýða til sögunnar);2) to yield to, obey (hlýða ráðum, orðum e-s);3) to do, be permissible or proper;hlýðir það hvergi (it will not do) at hafa eigi lög í landi;engum öðrum skyldi þat hlýða, nobody else should dare to do so;Einar lét engum hlýða móti at mæla, E. would not hear of any one’s gainsaying;4) refl. to listen (hann hlýðist um, hvárt nökkurir vekti); to be allowable (konungr sagði, at þeim skyldi þat ekki hlýðast).* * *dd, [hljóð A]:I. prop. to hearken, listen; eyrum hlýðir en augum skoðar, Hm. 7: with dat. to listen to one, 623. 27, Fms. vii. 245, Eg. 694; var hann ekki svá mikillátr at eigi hlýddi ( to give ear to) hann mönnum er skylt áttu við hann at ræða, Ó. H. 68; h. messu, tíðum, lestri, to hear mass, attend service, go to church, 671 B, 655 xi. 4, Bs. i. 131 passim.2. with prep.; hlýða á e-t, to listen to a thing, Fms. ix. 472; h. til e-s, a law term, to listen to a pleading, Nj. 36, Grág. i. 76; h. til tals e-s, Fas. ii. 517; sitja menn þar umhverfis ok hlýða til sögunnar, Fbr. 87 new Ed.; h. e-m yfir, to hear a pupil’s lessons, of a teacher holding the book whilst the pupil recites the lesson; hlýða yfir Fræðin, Faðir Vor, Kverið, Lektíuna, etc.3. to yield to; glöddusk allir er þeir höfðu hlýtt því ráði, Fb. i. 439; þeim er eigi vildu h. hans orðum, ii. 64: to obey, as children their parents, h. föður, móður sinni, h. Guði, freq. in mod. usage, but it seems not to be used in old writers exactly in this sense.II. metaph. to be due, to do, be proper; hlýðir þat hvergi ( it will not do), at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; má eigi vita hvat helzt hlýðir, Fms. vii. 105: to do, suffice, eigi man h. svá búit, this will not do, something must be done (in an extreme case), Eg. 507, Fms. i. 104; hlýðir þó þeir sé þrír, three will do, Grág. ii. 139; nú hlýðir þat eigi, but if that will not do, K. Þ. K. 88; en með því at þeir höfðu liðs-kost góðan, þá hlýddi, it went off well, Fms. i. 66: e-m hlýðir e-t, it does, is possible for a person, Sinfjötla hlýddi þat, Fas. i. 130.β. to be allowed to a person; engum öðrum skyldi þat h., nobody else should dare to do so, Hkr. i. 209; Einarr lét öngum h. móti at mæla, E. would not hear of any one’s gainsaying, let nobody contradict, Orkn. 40; er þat undr er þér látið honum hvatvetna h., Eg. 71; ella eru mjök aldauða várir foreldrar er eigi létu konungum h. slik úlög, Fms. vi. 37.III. reflex. to listen; hann hlýðisk um hvárt nokkurir vekti, Gísl. 29; þá héldu þeir upp árum ok hlýddusk um, Fas. ii. 517; nema þeir staðar undir búðar-vegginum ok hlýðask þaðan um, Fbr. 87 new Ed.; Sturla bað menn hlýðask um, Sturl. i. 82: to be allowed, dare to do a thing with impunity, margir munu hér eptir taka ef þessum hlýðsk, 36; konungr sagði þeim skyldi þat ekki hlýðask, Fas. i. 45. -
92 hnakkr
m.* * *m. an anchor-stone, similar to the mod. dreki and stjóri (εὐναί in Homer), whence hnakk-band, hnakk-mið.II. a man’s saddle, freq. in mod. usage, which distinguishes between a söðull ( a side saddle) and hnakkr, but it seems not to be found in old writers, except in hnakkmarr above.III. = knakkr, q. v.; stólar fjórir, knakkr, lectari, Pm. 17 (in a church’s inventory). -
93 HOF
n. heathen temple.* * *n. [in A. S., Hel., and O. H. G. hof means a hall, Lat. aedes, (whence mod. Germ. hof = a farm, answering to Icel. bær or Norse ból,) and spec. the court or king’s household, (in the old Scandin. languages this sense is unknown); Ulf renders ναός and ἱερόν by alhs; in Danish local names -vé prevails, but in Norse and Icel. Hof still survives in many local names, Hof, Hof-garðr, Hof-staðir, Hofs-fell, Hofs-teigr, Hofs-vágr, Landn., Munch’s Norg. Beskriv.; and as the temple formed the nucleus of the old political life (see goði and goðorð), all these names throw light on the old political geography; cp. Hofland near Appleby in Engl.]:—a temple; distinction is made between hof, a temple ( a sanctuary with a roof), and hörgr, an altar, holy circle, or any roofless place of worship: passages referring to hof and worship are very numerous, e. g. for Norway, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 12, Hák. S. Aðalst. ch. 16, Ó. T. ch. 76 (by Odd Munk ch. 41), Ó. H. (1853) ch. 113–115, O. H. L. ch. 36, Fær. ch. 23, Nj. ch. 88, 89, Fas. i. 474 (Hervar. S.); for Iceland, Landn. 1. ch. 11, 21, 2. ch. 12, 3. ch. 16 (twice), 4. ch. 2, 6 (interesting), 7, 5. ch. 3 (p. 284), 8 (interesting), 12, Eb. ch. 3, 4, 10, Glúm. ch. 25, Harð. ch. 19, 37, Vd. ch. 15, 17, Hrafn. ch. 2, Eg. ch. 87, Gullþ. ch. 7, Vápn. pp. 10, 11, Dropl. pp. 10, 11, Kristni S. ch. 2, etc.; cp. also Vsp. 7, Vþm. 38, Hkv. Hjörv. 4: poët., orð-hof, the word’s sanctuary = the mouth, Stor.2. a hall (as in Germ. and Saxon), Hým. 33 (απ. λεγ.)COMPDS:I. with gen., hofs-dyrr, n. pl. temple-doors, Fms. i. 97. hofs-eiðr, m. a temple-oath, Glúm. 388. hofs-goði, a, m. = hofgoði, Eg. 754. hofs-helgi, f. = hofhelgi. hofs-hurð, f. a temple-door ( janua), Fms. i. 302. hofs-höfðingi, a, m. a temple-lord, Post. 645. 90. hofs-mold, f. temple-earth, holy mould, see Landn. 254. hofs-teigr, m. a strip of temple-land, glebe, Landn. 241.II. hof-garðr, m. a temple-yard, a local name, Landn. hof-goði, a, m. a temple-priest (see goði), Landn. 254, Hkr. i. 6, Eb. 12, 14, 16 new Ed. hof-grið, n. pl. asylum in a sanctuary, Landn. 80, v. l. hof-gyðja, u, f. a priestess, Vápn. 10, Landn. 265, v. l. hof-helgi, f. a temple-holiday, feast; halda h., Ísl. ii. 15: the sanctity of a hof, Bret. 38, Eg. 251. hof-prestr, m. a temple-priest, Stj. hof-staðr, m. a ‘temple-stead,’ sanctuary, Eb. 26, Fms. ii. 73. hof-tollr, m. a temple-toll, rate, Vápn. 10, Eb. 6, 12 new Ed., Bs. i. 6, Gullþ. 11, answering to the modern church-rate.B. A court, almost solely in compds, and not earlier than the 14th century, from Romances: hof-ferð, f. pride, pomp, Bs. ii. 122. hof-ferðugr, adj. proud. hof-fólk, n. pl. courtiers, Thom. 322, 479, Grett. 161, Karl. 51, Pass. 21. 8. hof-frakt, n. pomp, Fas. i. 46, Snót 86. hof-garðr, m. a lordly mansion, Thom., Bév., Rétt. hof-list, f. pomp, Thom. 479. hof-lýðr, m. = hoffólk, Clar. hof-maðr, m. a courtier; in pl. hofmenn, lords; hertogi greifi ok aðrir hofmenn, Ann. 1303; gentry, chiefly in the ballads of the Middle Ages, Ungan leit eg hofmann, Fkv. In the old dancing parties the leader of the gentlemen was styled hofmann (cp. Germ. Hoffmann). Before dancing began, men and maids having been drawn up in two rows, he went up to the ladies, and the following dialogue ensued: Hér er Hofmann, hér eru allir Hofmanns sveinar.—Hvað vill Hofmann, hvað vilja allir Hofmanns sveinar?—Mey vill Hofmann, mey vilja allir Hofmanns sveinar. Then each dancer engaged his lady for the dance; það var hlaup, og það var hofmanns hlaup, Safn i. 689. A plain in the neighbourhood of the alþingi, where the people met, is still called Hofmanna-flöt, f. ‘Gentry’s Lea.’ hof-móðugr, adj. haughty, Pass. 18. 5. hof-tyft, f. urbanity, Clar. hof-verk, n. a great feat, Safn i. 71. hof-þénari, a, m. a court servant, Fas. iii. 408. -
94 HRAUN
n.1) rugged ground, wilderness;2) lava field, lava.* * *n. [akin to hruni, hrjóna, and hrynja (q. v.), and thus from a lost strong verb jó, au, u; hrjúfr, hrúðr, hreysi, hrjóstr (q. v.) seem all to be akin]:—prop. a rough place, a wilderness, and is used so esp. by Norse writers and in the oldest poems: in Norse local names, Raunen, bare rocks in the sea, as opp. to hólmr, a grassy islet, Fritzner s. v.: a giant is in poetry called hraun-búi, -drengr, -hvalr, -skjöldungr, = the dweller, hero, whale, king of the wilderness, Hým., Hkv. Hjörv., Haustl., Fas. ii. 306.B. In volcanic Iceland the word came to mean a lava field when cold, a burnt place (not the fresh glowing lava), freq. in the Sagas as well as in mod. usage, Bjarn. 36, 52, Nj. 248, Grág. ii. 282, Landn. 280, Hrafn. 26, Eb. 132–138, Bs. i. 540; um hvat reiddusk goðin, er hér brann hraunit er nú stöndum vér á (Bs. i. 22), the famous words of Snorri in the parliament of A. D. 1000; the place of the alþingi being a burnt out lava field.II. in Icel. local names freq., Hraun, Hraun-dalr, -fjörðr, -gerði, -holt, -höfn, etc., Landn.: esp. in relation to fields of lava, Borgar-hraun, id.; Berserkja-hraun, Eb.; Beruvíkr-hraun, Bjarn.; Staðar-hraun in Mýra-sýsla; Garða-hraun near Reykjavík, etc.: Ódáða-hraun, the wilderness in the inner part of Icel. (see Ísl. Þjóðs.), which was supposed to be peopled by miscreants and outlaws.COMPDS: Hraundælir, Hraunfirðingr, Hraungerðingr, Hraunsverjar.2. as appell., hraun-gata, u, f. a path through a hraun, Bjarn. 36, Pr. 411. hraun-gjóta, u, f. a lava pit or hole. hraun-grýti, n. lava rocks. hraun-klettr, m. a lava crag, Sks. 127. hraun-skeggi, a, m. a hraun dweller, Fs. 155; cp. eyjarskeggi.☞ The whole of Icel. may be said to be a burnt out lava field, from eruptions previous to the peopling of the country. The following eruptions which have happened since the settlement, beside those of Hekla (q. v.), are mentioned in writers previous to A. D. 1430:—an eruption in Borgar-hraun in Mýra-sýsla about the beginning of the 10th century, Landn. 2. ch. 5; in Ölfus A. D. 1000, Kristni S. ch. 11; in the sea about Reykjanes A. D. 1211, 1226, 1238, 1240, 1422, Ann. s.a.: but esp. in the southern glaciers in Trölla-dingjur A. D. 1151, 1188; in Sólheima-jökull A. D. 1245, 1262; in Síða A. D. 1332; in Hnappafells-jökull A. D. 1332, 1350; in Herðubreið etc. A. D. 1340; in three places in Skaptafells-sýsla A. D. 1362,—the great eruption which destroyed the church in Rauðilækr; in Höfðár-jökull A. D. 1416, see Ísl. Ann. In later centuries the greatest eruptions are those of the Kötlu-gjá in 1755, and esp. the terrible eruption of Skaptár-jökull on the 20th of June, 1783. In this century that of Eyjafjalla-jökull, 1821. -
95 hús-kveðja
u, f. ‘house-farewell;’ at Icel. funerals of persons of note, a brief sermon is delivered at the home of the deceased when the body is removed from the house (see hefja A. 3); this sermon is called húskveðja, and a brief account is therein given of the life, character, family, pedigree, etc. of the deceased; when the ‘house-farewell’ is ended, the body is carried out of the house, the last verses of the 25th Passion hymn (En með því út var leiddr), and the following verses on John xix. 5, being sung; after which the coffin is carried to the church, which is sometimes a long way off. See a description of the funeral of an Icel. lady in Þjóðólfr, 17th Aug. 1869, p. 166. -
96 höfuð-faðir
m. a patriarch: a father of the church, Stj. 87, 132, Al. 64, Niðrst. 10, Fb. i. 264. -
97 höfuð-kirkja
u, f. a high-church, cathedral, 623. 15, Fms. viii. 126, ix. 369, Bs. i. 48, Karl. 545, N. G. L. i. 7, D. N. ii. 4, Al. 10. -
98 inn-ganga
u, f. going in, entering, Fms. i. 16, Hom. 51, Niðrst. 9; inngöngu-leyfi, leave to enter, Fms. ii. 160; mánaða inngöngur, the entrance, beginning of a month, Rb. 56; kirkju-i., a going into church; kvenna-i., the churching of women; klaustr-i., the entering a cloister, as a monk.2. an entrance, door-way, Stj. 41. -
99 karla-vegr
m. the male side, side where the men sit, the right hand in a church, etc., i. e. opp. to kvenna vegr, D. N. iv. 283. -
100 karl-gildr
adj., a law term, meaning full, complete; thus karlgildr úmagi means, not a ‘ male-úmagi,’ but a ‘complete invalid,’ one who can contribute nothing towards his sustenance, e. g. an infant, a sick or aged person, male or female. The word is a standing term in the old church deeds, where the donor charged the gift with the support of a karlgild úmagi for ever, D. I. passim. The old Swedish laws present the same use of the word, e. g. karlgild mark = good money, money of full value, see Verel. s. v.
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