a+beating

* * *

to form by beating with a hammer, invent, devise.

drive away, repel violently, extort.

(in pl.) blows, a beating, thrashing

băcŭlum, i, n. ( băcŭlus, i, m., rare, and not before the Aug. period; Ov. M. 2, 789; id. F. 1, 177; App. M. 7, p. 194, 30; Aus. Epigr. 53; Isid. Orig. 20, 13, 1; Vulg. Gen. 38, 25; id. Psa. 22, 4; cf. bacillum), [like baktron, from root ba- of baxô, bibaxô, bainô, to go = Sanscr. ga], a stick, staff, as a support in walking (class.; while scipio is a staff for ornament, and fustis a stick for beating; Doed. Syn. III. p. 266 sqq.; but later used in all these signiff.; cf.

bacillum): proximus lictor, Sextius, converso baculo oculos misero tundere coepit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

baculum agreste,

Ov. M. 15, 655:

pastorale,

Sil. 13, 334; Ov. M. 8, 218; 14, 655; 15, 659; 6, 27; 8, 693; id. F. 1, 177; Claud. Epigr. 2, 3; 2, 26; 2, 484:

baculi crassitudo,

Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 255.— So, baculum (-us) et pera, staff and pouch, badges of Cynic philosophers, Mart. 4, 53; App. Mag. p. 288, 6; Aus. Epigr. 53 (cf. bactroperita); Cels. 8, 20; Vitr. 10, 6; Plin. 30, 14, 44, § 129 Gron.; cf.:

in baculo me transivi Jordanum istum,

i.e. as a poor pilgrim, Vulg. Gen. 32, 10.—Also, the augural staff or lituus, Liv. 1, 18, 7.— A sceptre:

baculum aureum (regis) berylli distinguebant,

Curt. 9, 1, 30; Flor. 3, 19, 10; cf. id. 4, 11, 3. —And of the sceptre on the stage, in tragic representations, Suet. Ner. 24 Oud.:

corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu,

Ov. M. 3, 325; Col. 2, 20 (21), 4:

summa papaverum capita dicitur baculo decussisse,

Liv. 1, 54, 6:

baculorum subactiones,

blows with small staves, sticks, Vitr. 2, 4; 7, 3.—

In eccl. Lat. from baculus; trop., a support, stay:

an speras in baculo arundineo,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 18, 21:

baculum senectutis nostrae,

id. Tob. 10, 4.—

As instrument of wrath, rod, Vulg. Isa. 10, 24.

băcŭlum, i, n. ( băcŭlus, i, m., rare, and not before the Aug. period; Ov. M. 2, 789; id. F. 1, 177; App. M. 7, p. 194, 30; Aus. Epigr. 53; Isid. Orig. 20, 13, 1; Vulg. Gen. 38, 25; id. Psa. 22, 4; cf. bacillum), [like baktron, from root ba- of baxô, bibaxô, bainô, to go = Sanscr. ga], a stick, staff, as a support in walking (class.; while scipio is a staff for ornament, and fustis a stick for beating; Doed. Syn. III. p. 266 sqq.; but later used in all these signiff.; cf.

bacillum): proximus lictor, Sextius, converso baculo oculos misero tundere coepit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

baculum agreste,

Ov. M. 15, 655:

pastorale,

Sil. 13, 334; Ov. M. 8, 218; 14, 655; 15, 659; 6, 27; 8, 693; id. F. 1, 177; Claud. Epigr. 2, 3; 2, 26; 2, 484:

baculi crassitudo,

Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 255.— So, baculum (-us) et pera, staff and pouch, badges of Cynic philosophers, Mart. 4, 53; App. Mag. p. 288, 6; Aus. Epigr. 53 (cf. bactroperita); Cels. 8, 20; Vitr. 10, 6; Plin. 30, 14, 44, § 129 Gron.; cf.:

in baculo me transivi Jordanum istum,

i.e. as a poor pilgrim, Vulg. Gen. 32, 10.—Also, the augural staff or lituus, Liv. 1, 18, 7.— A sceptre:

baculum aureum (regis) berylli distinguebant,

Curt. 9, 1, 30; Flor. 3, 19, 10; cf. id. 4, 11, 3. —And of the sceptre on the stage, in tragic representations, Suet. Ner. 24 Oud.:

corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu,

Ov. M. 3, 325; Col. 2, 20 (21), 4:

summa papaverum capita dicitur baculo decussisse,

Liv. 1, 54, 6:

baculorum subactiones,

blows with small staves, sticks, Vitr. 2, 4; 7, 3.—

In eccl. Lat. from baculus; trop., a support, stay:

an speras in baculo arundineo,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 18, 21:

baculum senectutis nostrae,

id. Tob. 10, 4.—

As instrument of wrath, rod, Vulg. Isa. 10, 24.

caedes, is ( gen. plur. regularly caedium, Liv. 1, 13, 3; Just. 11, 13, 9; Flor. 3, 18, 14 al.;

but caedum,

Sil. 2, 665; 4, 353; 4, 423; 4, 796; 5, 220; 10, 233; Amm. 22, 12, 1; 29, 5, 27; cf. Prisc. p. 771 P), f. [caedo].

Lit.

In gen., a cutting or lopping off (post-class. and rare):

ligni atque frondium caedes,

Gell. 19, 12, 7:

capilli, qui caede cultrorum desecti,

App. M. 3.—

Esp. (acc. to caedo, I. B. 1.; cf. cado, I. B. 2.), a cutting down, slaughter, massacre, carnage; esp. in battle or by an assassin; murder (usu. class. signif. of the word in prose and poetry;

esp. freq. in the histt. in Suet. alone more than twenty times): pugnam caedesque petessit,

Lucr. 3, 648:

caedem caede accumulantes,

id. 3, 71: caedem ( the deadly slaughter, conflict) in quā P. Clodius occisus est, Cic. Mil. 5, 12:

caedes et occisio,

id. Caecil. 14, 41:

magistratuum privatorumque caedes,

id. Mil. 32, 87:

cum in silvā Silā facta caedes esset,

id. Brut. 22, 85:

notat (Catilina) et designat oculis ad caedem unumquemque nostrum,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 2:

jam non pugna sed caedes erat,

Curt. 4, 15, 32:

caedes inde, non jam pugna fuit,

Liv. 23, 40, 11:

ex mediā caede effugere,

id. 23, 29, 15:

cum caedibus et incendiis agrum perpopulari,

id. 34, 56, 10:

silvestres homines... Caedibus et victu foedo deterruit Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 392:

magnā caede factā multisque occisis,

Nep. Epam. 9, 1:

caedes civium,

id. ib. 10, 3:

caedem in aliquem facere,

Sall. J. 31, 13; Liv. 2, 64, 3:

edere,

id. 5, 45, 8; 40, 32, 6; Just. 2, 11:

perpetrare,

Liv. 45, 5, 5:

committere,

Ov. H. 14, 59; Quint. 5, 12, 3; 10, 1, 12; 7, 4, 43; Curt. 8, 2:

admittere,

Suet. Tib. 37:

peragere,

Luc. 3, 580:

abnuere,

Tac. A. 1, 23:

festinare,

id. ib. 1, 3:

ab omni caede abhorrere,

Suet. Dom. 9: portendere, Sall.J. 3, 2; Suet. Calig. 57 et saep.; cf.

in the poets,

Cat. 64, 77; Verg. A. 2, 500; 10, 119; Hor. C. 1, 8, 16; 2, 1, 35; 3, 2, 12; 3, 24, 26; 4, 4, 59; Ov. M. 1, 161; 4, 503; 3, 625; 4, 160; 5, 69; 6, 669.—

The slaughter of animals, esp. of victims:

studiosus caedis ferinae, i. e. ferarum,

Ov. M. 7, 675; so id. ib. 7, 809; cf.

ferarum,

id. ib. 2, 442;

15, 106: armenti,

id. ib. 10, 541:

boum,

id. ib. 11, 371:

juvenci,

id. ib. 15, 129:

bidentium,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 14:

juvencorum,

Mart. 14, 4, 1.—

Meton.

(Abstr. pro concreto.) The persons slain or murdered, the slain:

caedis acervi,

Verg. A. 10, 245:

plenae caedibus viae,

Tac. H. 4, 1.—

Also meton. as in Gr. phonos, the blood shed by murder, gore, Lucr. 3, 643; 5, 1312:

permixta flumina caede,

Cat. 64, 360:

respersus fraternā caede,

id. 64, 181:

madefient caede sepulcra,

id. 64, 368:

tepidā recens Caede locus,

Verg. A. 9, 456:

sparsae caede comae,

Prop. 2, 8, 34:

caede madentes,

Ov. M. 1, 149; 14, 199; 3, 143; 4, 97; 4, 125; 4, 163; 6, 657; 8, 444; 9, 73; 13, 389; 15, 174.—

An attempt to murder:

nostrae injuria caedis,

Verg. A. 3, 256.—

A striking with the fist, a beating (post-class.): contumeliosa, Don. Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

nimia,

id. ib. 4, 2, 19; 2, 1, 18.

clādes, is ( gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.:

cladum,

Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. klaô, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius].

Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,

In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies;

class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas,

Lucr. 6, 1125:

dare late cladem magnasque ruinas,

id. 5, 347:

etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori,

id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25:

et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis,

id. Sest. 13, 31:

cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

captae urbis Romanae clades,

Liv. 5, 21, 16:

publica,

Tac. A. 14, 64:

tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit,

Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191:

plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra),

Liv. 8, 2, 8:

quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades!

Lucr. 5, 48:

aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli,

id. 5, 369:

agrum omni belli clade pervastat,

Liv. 22, 4, 1:

colonias belli clade premi,

Curt. 9, 7, 22:

colonias omni clade vastare,

id. 4, 1, 10:

majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat,

Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132:

per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est,

of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38:

quo tantae cladis pretio,

i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57:

recens,

the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.:

Lugdunensis,

the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.:

si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura,

without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.— Poet.:

cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris,

Ov. M. 9, 176:

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—

Esp.

In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre:

ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent,

Sall. J. 59, 3:

exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit,

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos,

Verg. A. 12, 556:

quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit,

Curt. 4, 12, 15;

so freq.: accipere cladem,

to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17;

22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta,

Quint. 9, 2, 62:

classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit,

Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7:

postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies,

Liv. 25, 19, 16:

omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata,

id. 29, 3, 8:

non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades,

id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4:

tantā mole cladis obrui,

Liv. 22, 54, 10:

terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur,

Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5:

binaque castra clade unā deleta,

Liv. 30, 6, 6:

exercituum,

Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet,

Verg. A. 2, 362:

Germanica,

Tac. H. 4, 12:

Variana,

id. A. 1, 57:

Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur,

id. H. 1, 50. — Poet.:

ut barbarorum Claudius agmina... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—

Of the plague:

inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades,

Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.:

sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium,

Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—

Of the loss of a limb:

Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum,

Liv. 2, 13, 1.—

Transf.

Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest:

geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae,

Verg. A. 6, 843:

haec clades,

of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—

Of dissolute morals, corruption:

fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.

con-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.; lit., to write together, i. e.,

To write together in a roll or list, to enroll; very freq. as a milit. t. t., of the levying of troops, Caes. B. G. 1, 10; 1, 24; 2, 2; 2, 8 et saep.; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 7:

cohortes veteranas tumulti causā,

Sall. C. 59, 5:

inter septimanos conscribi,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

inter nostros,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 40:

conscripti in Ciliciam legiones,

Suet. Caes. 8; 24; id. Galb. 10:

exercitum adversum aliquem,

Val. Max. 5, 4, 5.—And of the enrolment of colonists:

decrevit senatus, ut C. Lentulus consul sex milia familiarum conscriberet, quae in eas colonias dividerentur,

Liv. 37, 46, 10.—So of enrolling in a particular class of citizens, to inscribe, choose:

eodem tempore et centuriae tres equitum conscriptae sunt,

Liv. 1, 13, 8.—So the frequently occurring title of senators: Patres Conscripti (prop. Patres, conscripti, i. e. Patres et conscripti), chosen, elect, assembled fathers (lit. fathers and elect):

traditum inde (sc. post reges exactos) fertur, ut in Senatum vocarentur, qui Patres quique Conscripti essent: Conscriptos videlicet in novum senatum appellabant lectos,

Liv. 2, 1, 11; cf. Fest. p. 254, 22 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 7, 5, and p. 41, 13 ib.; Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27; id. Planc. 35, 87; Nep. Hann. 12, 2; Liv. 3, 52, 6; 6, 26, 4; Dict. of Antiq.;

and in imitation of this: di conscripti,

App. M. 6, p. 182, 35.—In a play upon words (censured by Quint.): ne Patres conscripti videantur circumscripti, Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 72.—Also in sing., of one senator:

pater conscriptus,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13, 28; and absol., poet. in sing.: conscriptus, i, m., a senator: quod sit conscripti, quod judicis officium, * Hor. A. P. 314.—So also of the enrolling of the people for the purpose of bribery, Cic. Planc. 18, 45; 19, 47; id. Sest. 15, 34:

rex me opere oravit maximo ut sibi latrones cogerem et conscriberem,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 76.—

To put together in writing, to draw up, compose, write (class.).

With acc.:

librum de consulatu, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 35, 132; cf. Nep. Lys. 4, 2:

volumen,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 101:

Topica Aristotelea,

id. Fam. 7, 19 init.; Ov. P. 2, 9, 73:

lepidas tabellas,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 26:

epistulam,

Cic. Att. 13, 50, 1:

syngraphum inter me et amicam,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 1:

imaginem,

to delineate, sketch, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

legem (consules),

to draw up, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 7; cf.

edicta,

Suet. Tit. 6:

condiciones,

Liv. 26, 24, 8; cf. id. 29, 12, 15:

foedus,

id. 41, 24, 15:

testamentum,

Suet. Claud. 44:

fortunas alterius litteris,

Cic. Clu. 66, 186.—

With rel.-clause:

cum pluribus conscripsisset, qui esset optimus rei publicae status,

Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 11 Madv. N. cr. —

With de:

(illi), de quibus audivi et legi et ipse conscripsi,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 12, 19, 2; Quint. 2, 11, 24:

de ratione dicendi,

Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—

With acc. and inf.: ut in ordinem se coactum conscriberet, write down, notice that he should be, etc., Suet. Claud. 38: omni personae quam dotem suscepisse cum marito conscribitur, Cod. Just. 5, 15, 3.—

Esp., of physicians, to prescribe:

pro salutaribus mortifera,

Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13.—

Meton., to write something all over, to fill with writing (rare; mostly poet.):

mensam vino,

Ov. Am. 2, 5, 17; cf.: epistolium lacrimis, * Cat. 68, 2.— Humorously, to mark by beating, to cudgel:

conscribere aliquem totum stilis ulmeis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 132; cf. conscribillo.—

With in and abl., to write upon, mark upon:

signum sanguinis id est crucis in suā fronte,

Lact. 4, 26, 39.

con-tundo, tŭdi, tūsum (tunsum, Plin. 21, 27, 101, § 174; 28, 16, 62, § 221 al.), 3 ( perf. contūdit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P., or Ann. v. 482 Vahl.; but contŭdit, id. ap. Prisc. l. l., or Ann. v. 387 Vahl.), v. a., to beat, bruise, grind, crush, pound, break to pieces (syn.: confringo, debilito; very freq. and class. in prose and poetry; not in Quint.; for in 11, 2, 13, confudit is the better reading).

Lit.

In gen.: oleas in lentisco, Cato. [p. 461] R. R. 7, 4 (cited ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 60):

thymum in pila,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 14; cf.:

radices ferreis pilis,

Col. 7, 7, 2: florem nullo aratro, * Cat. 62, 40:

colla,

Col. 6, 2, 8; 6, 14, 3: classis victa, fusa, contusa, fugataque est, Inscr. ap. Liv. 40, 52, 6:

aliquem male fustibus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4; cf.:

aliquem pugnis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 46; and:

pugiles caestibus contusi,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40:

aliquem saxis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 98:

pectus ictu,

Ov. M. 12, 85:

faciem planā palmā (with caedere pectus pugnis),

Juv. 13, 128:

contusi ac debilitati inter saxa rupesque,

Liv. 21, 40, 9:

hydram,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 10:

nares a fronte resimas,

to squeeze together, press in, Ov. M. 14, 96.—With acc. of part:

asper equus duris contunditur ora lupatis,

Ov. Am. 1, 2, 15.— Poet. of the beating to pieces of crops by hail:

vites grando,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 5 (cf. id. C. 3, 1, 29: non verberatae grandine vineae);

and of lameness produced by disease, etc.: postquam illi justa cheragra Contudit articulos ( = debilitavit nodis),

id. S. 2, 7, 16 (cf. Pers. 5, 58: cum lapidosa cheragra fregerit articulos, has crippled).—

In medic. lang.: contūsum ( - tun-sum), i, n., a bruise, contusion (cf. contusio), Scrib. Comp. 209; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 136 sq. al.—

Trop., to break, lessen, weaken, destroy, subdue, put down, baffle, check, etc. (syn.: frango, obtero, vinco): virosque valentes contudit crudelis hiems, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P.; cf. id. Ann. v. 387 and 482 Vahl.:

corpora conturbant magno contusa labore,

Lucr. 4, 958:

populos feroces,

Verg. A. 1, 264:

ferocem Hannibalem,

Liv. 27, 2, 2:

nostrae opes contusae hostiumque auctae erant,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

contudi animum et fortasse vici,

Cic. Att. 12, 44, 3; cf.:

animos feros placidā arte,

Ov. A. A. 1, 12:

contudi et fregi exsultantis praedonis audaciam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13, 29:

calumniam et stultitiam (with obtrivit),

id. Caecin. 7, 18:

regum tumidas minas,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 8:

impetus,

id. ib. 3, 6, 10:

ingenium patientia longa laborum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 31:

facta Talthybi,

i. e. to surpass by my own, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 33. (But in Lucr. 5, 692, concludit is the right reading, Lachm., Munro.)