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1 Woolwich
(Place names) Woolwich /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/ -
2 Woolwich
География: г. Вулидж (часть Большого Лондона), (г.) Вулидж (метроп. граф. Большой Лондон, Англия, Великобритания), Вулвич -
3 Woolwich
[`wʊlɪʤ]ВулиджАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > Woolwich
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4 Woolwich
[wúlič]proper namekraj. ime -
5 Woolwich
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6 Woolwich
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7 Woolwich
['wulɪdʒ] 1.Ву́лидж (исторический район в восточной части Лондона, где до 1946 находилось Королевское военное училище [ Royal Military Academy 2)])2."Ву́лидж" (одно из крупнейших строительных обществ Великобритании; см. building society)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Woolwich
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8 Woolwich
г. Вулидж (часть Большого Лондона); г. Вулидж (метроп. граф. Большой Лондон, Англия, Великобритания); Вулвич (польз.) -
9 Woolwich
Вулидж -
10 Woolwich
['wulɪʤ]сущ.; геогр.Вулидж ( часть Большого Лондона) см. тж. Greater London -
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12 Woolwich
n геогр. Вулидж -
13 Woolwich Building Society
[,wulɪdʒ'bɪldɪŋsə,saɪətɪ]Ву́лиджское строи́тельное о́бщество (одно из крупнейших; ок. 2,8 млн. членов; названо по месту основания - Вулидж [ Woolwich]; см. тж. building society)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Woolwich Building Society
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14 Abel, Sir Frederick August
[br]b. 17 July 1827 Woolwich, London, Englandd. 6 September 1902 Westminster, London, England[br]English chemist, co-inventor of cordite find explosives expert.[br]His family came from Germany and he was the son of a music master. He first became interested in science at the age of 14, when visiting his mineralogist uncle in Hamburg, and studied chemistry at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. In 1845 he became one of the twenty-six founding students, under A.W.von Hofmann, of the Royal College of Chemistry. Such was his aptitude for the subject that within two years he became von Hermann's assistant and demonstrator. In 1851 Abel was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry, succeeding Michael Faraday, at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and it was while there that he wrote his Handbook of Chemistry, which was co-authored by his assistant, Charles Bloxam.Abel's four years at the Royal Military Academy served to foster his interest in explosives, but it was during his thirty-four years, beginning in 1854, as Ordnance Chemist at the Royal Arsenal and at Woolwich that he consolidated and developed his reputation as one of the international leaders in his field. In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, but it was his studies during the 1870s into the chemical changes that occur during explosions, and which were the subject of numerous papers, that formed the backbone of his work. It was he who established the means of storing gun-cotton without the danger of spontaneous explosion, but he also developed devices (the Abel Open Test and Close Test) for measuring the flashpoint of petroleum. He also became interested in metal alloys, carrying out much useful work on their composition. A further avenue of research occurred in 1881 when he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission set up to investigate safety in mines after the explosion that year in the Sealham Colliery. His resultant study on dangerous dusts did much to further understanding on the use of explosives underground and to improve the safety record of the coal-mining industry. The achievement for which he is most remembered, however, came in 1889, when, in conjunction with Sir James Dewar, he invented cordite. This stable explosive, made of wood fibre, nitric acid and glycerine, had the vital advantage of being a "smokeless powder", which meant that, unlike the traditional ammunition propellant, gunpowder ("black powder"), the firer's position was not given away when the weapon was discharged. Although much of the preliminary work had been done by the Frenchman Paul Vieille, it was Abel who perfected it, with the result that cordite quickly became the British Army's standard explosive.Abel married, and was widowed, twice. He had no children, but died heaped in both scientific honours and those from a grateful country.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGrand Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1901. Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath 1891 (Commander 1877). Knighted 1883. Created Baronet 1893. FRS 1860. President, Chemical Society 1875–7. President, Institute of Chemistry 1881–2. President, Institute of Electrical Engineers 1883. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1891. Chairman, Society of Arts 1883–4. Telford Medal 1878, Royal Society Royal Medal 1887, Albert Medal (Society of Arts) 1891, Bessemer Gold Medal 1897. Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1883, Hon. DSc (Cantab.) 1888.Bibliography1854, with C.L.Bloxam, Handbook of Chemistry: Theoretical, Practical and Technical, London: John Churchill; 2nd edn 1858.Besides writing numerous scientific papers, he also contributed several articles to The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1875–89, 9th edn.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, 1912, Vol. 1, Suppl. 2, London: Smith, Elder.CMBiographical history of technology > Abel, Sir Frederick August
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15 Congreve, Sir William
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 20 May 1772 London, Englandd. 16 May 1828 Toulouse, France[br]English developer of military rockets.[br]He was the eldest son of Lieutenant-General Sir William Congreve, Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery, Superintendent of Military Machines and Superintendent Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich, and the daughter of a naval officer. Congreve passed through the Naval Academy at Woolwich and in 1791 was attached to the Royal Laboratory (formerly known as the Woolwich Arsenal), of which his father was then in command. In the 1790s, an Indian prince, Hyder Ali, had had some success against British troops with solid-fuelled rockets, and young Congreve set himself to develop the idea. By about 1806 he had made some 13,000 rockets, each with a range of about 2 km (1¼ miles). The War Office approved their use, and they were first tested in action at sea during the sieges of Boulogne and Copenhagen in 1806 and 1807 respectively. Congreve was commissioned to raise two companies of rocket artillery; in 1813 he commanded one of his rocket companies at the Battle of Leipzig, where although the rockets did little damage to the enemy, the noise and glare of the explosions had a considerable effect in frightening the French and caused great confusion; for this, the Tsar of Russia awarded Congreve a knighthood. The rockets were similarly effective in other battles, including the British attack on Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, in 1814; it is said that this was the inspiration for the lines "the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air" in Francis Scott Key's poem The Star Spangled Banner, which became the United States' national anthem.Congreve's father died in 1814, and he succeeded him in the baronetcy and as Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory and Superintendent of Military Machines, holding this post until his death. For the last ten years of his life he was Member of Parliament for Plymouth, having previously represented Gatton when elected for that constituency in 1812.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1812.Further ReadingF.H.Winter, 1990, The First Golden Age of Rocketry: Congreve and Hale Rockets of the Nine-teenth Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.IMcN -
16 Cruickshank, William
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]d. 1810/11 Scotland[br]Scottish chemist and surgeon, inventor of a trough battery developed from Volta's pile.[br]Cruickshank graduated MA from King's College, Aberdeen, in 1765, and later gained a Diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons. When chemistry was introduced in 1788 into the course at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, Cruickshank became a member of staff, serving as Assistant to Dr A.Crawford, the Lecturer in Chemistry. Upon Crawford's death in 1796 Cruickshank succeeded him as Lecturer and held the post until his retirement due to ill health in 1804. He also held the senior posts of Chemist to the Ordnance at Woolwich and Surgeon to the Ordnance Medical Department. He should not be confused with William Cumberland Cruickshank (1745–1800), who was also a surgeon and Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1801, shortly after Volta's announcement of his pile, Cruickshank built a voltaic pile to facilitate his experiments in electrochemistry. The pile had zinc and silver plates about 1½ in2 (10 cm2) with interposed papers moistened with ammonium chloride. Dissatisfied with this arrangement, Cruickshank devised a horizontal trough battery in which a wooden box was divided into cells, each holding a pair of zinc and silver or zinc and copper plates. Charged with a dilute solution of ammonium chloride, the battery, which was typically of sixty cells, was found to be more convenient to use than a pile and it, or a derivative, was generally adopted for electrochemical experiments including tose of Humphrey Davy during the early years of the nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1802.Bibliography1801, article in Nicholsons Journal 4:187–91 (describes Cruickshank's original pile). 1801, article in Nicholsons Journal 4:245–64 (describes his trough battery).Further ReadingB.Bowers, 1982, A History of Electric Light and Power, London (a short account). A.Courts, 1959, "William Cruickshank", Annals of Science 15:121–33 GW -
17 Gregory, Sir Charles Hutton
[br]b. 14 October 1817 Woolwich, Englandd. 10 January 1898 London, England[br]English civil engineer, inventor of the railway semaphore signal.[br]Gregory's father was Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.C.H. Gregory himself, after working for Robert Stephenson, was appointed Engineer to the London \& Croydon Railway in 1839. On it, at New Cross in 1841, he installed a semaphore signal derived from signalling apparatus used by the Royal Navy; two hinged semaphore arms projected either side from the top of a post, signalling to drivers of trains in each direction of travel. In horizontal position each arm signified "danger", an arm inclined at 45° meant "caution" and the vertical position, in which the arms disappeared within a slot in the post, meant "all right". Gregory's signal was the forerunner of semaphore signals adopted on railways worldwide. In 1843 Gregory invented the stirrup frame: signal arms were connected to stirrups that were pushed down by the signalman's foot in order to operate them, while the points were operated by levers. The stirrups were connected together to prevent conflicting signals from being shown. This was a predecessor of interlocking. In 1846 Gregory became Engineer to the Bristol \& Exeter Railway, where in 1848 he co-operated with W.B. Adams in the development and operation of the first self-propelled railcar. He later did civil engineering work in Italy and France, was Engineer to the Somerset Central and Dorset Central railways and became Consulting Engineer for the government railways in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Cape of Good Hope, Straits Settlements and Trinidad.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCompanion of the Order of St Michael and St George 1876. Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George 1883. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1867– 8.Bibliography1841, Practical Rules for the Management of a Locomotive Engine, London (one of the earliest such textbooks).Further ReadingObituary, 1898, Engineering 65 (14 January). See also Saxby, John.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Gregory, Sir Charles Hutton
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18 Maudslay, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 22 August 1771 Woolwich, Kent, Englandd. 15 February 1831 Lambeth, London, England[br]English precision toolmaker and engineer.[br]Henry Maudslay was the third son of an ex-soldier and storekeeper at Woolwich Arsenal. At the age of 12 he was employed at the Arsenal filling cartridges; two years later he was transferred to the woodworking department, adjacent to the smithy, to which he moved when 15 years old. He was a rapid learner, and three years later Joseph Bramah took him on for the construction of special tools required for the mass-production of his locks. Maudslay was thus employed for the next eight years. He became Bramah's foreman, married his housekeeper, Sarah Tindale, and, unable to better himself, decided to leave and set up on his own. He soon outgrew his first premises in Wells Street and moved to Margaret Street, off Oxford Street, where some examples of his workmanship were displayed in the window. These caught the attention of a visiting Frenchman, de Bacquancourt; he was a friend of Marc Isambard Brunel, who was then in the early stages of designing the block-making machinery later installed at Portsmouth dockyard.Brunel wanted first a set of working models, as he did not think that the Lords of the Admiralty would be capable of understanding engineering drawings; Maudslay made these for him within the next two years. Sir Samuel Bentham, Inspector-General of Naval Works, agreed that Brunel's system was superior to the one that he had gone some way in developing; the Admiralty approved, and an order was placed for the complete plant. The manufacture of the machinery occupied Maudslay for the next six years; he was assisted by a draughtsman whom he took on from Portsmouth dockyard, Joshua Field (1786–1863), who became his partner in Maudslay, Son and Field. There were as many as eighty employees at Margaret Street until, in 1810, larger premises became necessary and a new works was built at Lambeth Marsh where, eventually, there were up to two hundred workers. The new factory was flanked by two houses, one of which was occupied by Maudslay, the other by Field. The firm became noted for its production of marine steam-engines, notably Maudslay's table engine which was first introduced in 1807.Maudslay was a consummate craftsman who was never happier than when working at his bench or at a machine tool; he was also one of the first engineers to appreciate the virtues of standardization. Evidence of this appreciation is to be found in his work in the development of the Bramah lock and then on the machine tools for the manufacture of ship's blocks to Marc Brunel's designs; possibly his most important contribution was the invention in 1797 of the metal lathe. He made a number of surface plates of the finest quality. The most celebrated of his numerous measuring devices was a micrometer-based machine which he termed his "Lord Chancellor" because, in the machine shop, it represented the "final court of appeal", measuring to one-thousandth of an inch.[br]Further Reading1934–5, "Maudslay, Sons \& Field as general engineers", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 15, London.1963, Engineering Heritage, Vol. 1, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers. L.T.C.Rolt, 1965, Tools for the Job, London: Batsford.W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford: Oxford University Press.IMcN -
19 WEMA
1) Техника: Western Electronic Manufacturers' Association2) Фирменный знак: Wisconsin Educational Media Association, Wisconsin Emergency Management Association, World Electronic Messaging Association3) Образование: Wilderness Emergency Medical Aid4) Правительство: Woolwich Emergency Management Agency, Wyoming Emergency Management Agency -
20 R.M.A.
abbreviationRoyal Military Academy (Woolwich); Royal Marine Artillery; Royal Military Asylum
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См. также в других словарях:
Woolwich — (spr. wúllitsch), Verwaltungsbezirk (metropolitan borough) im O. von London, rechts an der Themse, 14 km unterhalb der Londonbrücke, hat ein großartiges Arsenal mit Kanonengießerei, Werkstätten zum Bau von Fuhrwerken, Laboratorium, eine… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Woolwich — [ wʊlɪdʒ], Stadtteil von London, England, am Südufer der Themse, gehört zum Stadtbezirk (London Borough) Greenwich; überwiegend industriell geprägt. Bei Woolwich befindet sich das Sturmflutwehr Thames Barrier in der Themse. … Universal-Lexikon
Woolwich — (spr. Wullitsch), 1) Stadt an der Themse in der englischen Grafschaft Kent, 2 Meilen von London, mit diesem durch die London Gravesend Rochesterbahn verbunden; Flottenstation u. Mittelpunkt der gesammten englischen Artillerie; alle Waffenfabriken … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Woolwich — (spr. wullĭtsch), südöstl. Vorstadt Londons in der Grafsch. Kent, an der Themse, (1901) 117.178 E., Zentrum der gesamten engl. Artillerie mit großartigen Werkstätten (1902: 25.000 Arbeiter) und Militärakademie … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Woolwich — (Uulitsch), Stadt unterhalb Greenwich an der Themse, mit 25000 E., königl. Kriegsschiffwerste, ungeheurem Marinearsenal, Stückgießerei, Militärakademie … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Woolwich — infobox UK place country = England map type = Greater London region= London population= official name= Woolwich london borough= Greenwich constituency westminster= Greenwich and Woolwich post town= LONDON postcode area= SE postcode district= SE18 … Wikipedia
Woolwich — 51.49610.068099999999987 Koordinaten: 51° 30′ N, 0° 4′ O … Deutsch Wikipedia
Woolwich — /wool ij, ich/, n. a former borough of Greater London, England, now part of Greenwich and Newham: royal military academy and arsenal. * * * ▪ London, United Kingdom historic town in the borough of Greenwich, London. It lies on the south… … Universalium
Woolwich — 51°29′20″N 0°4′5″E / 51.48889, 0.06806 … Wikipédia en Français
Woolwich — 1 Original name in latin Woolwich Name in other language Vulidzh, o ulica, wu li qi, Вулидж State code GB Continent/City Europe/London longitude 51.491 latitude 0.0648 altitude 20 Population 0 Date 2010 10 17 2 Original name in latin Woolwich… … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Woolwich (disambiguation) — Woolwich can refer to: *Several places: ** Woolwich, London, England, and its local features or administrative areas: ***Woolwich Common ***Woolwich Dockyard, former English naval dockyard ***the Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich. ***the Royal… … Wikipedia
