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[br]b. 9 July 1766 Newburyport, Massachusetts, USAd. 30 July 1849 London, England[br]American inventor of a nail-making machine and a method of printing banknotes, investigator of the use of steam at very high pressures.[br]Perkins's occupation was that of a gold-and silversmith; while he does not seem to have followed this after 1800, however, it gave him the skills in working metals which he would continue to employ in his inventions. He had been working in America for four years before he patented his nail-making machine in 1796. At the time there was a great shortage of nails because only hand-forged ones were available. By 1800, other people had followed his example and produced automatic nail-making machines, but in 1811 Perkins' improved machines were introduced to England by J.C. Dyer. Eventually Perkins had twenty-one American patents for a range of inventions in his name.In 1799 Perkins invented a system of engraving steel plates for printing banknotes, which became the foundation of modern siderographic work. It discouraged forging and was adopted by many banking houses, including the Federal Government when the Second United States Bank was inaugurated in 1816. This led Perkins to move to Philadelphia. In the intervening years, Perkins had improved his nail-making machine, invented a machine for graining morocco leather in 1809, a fire-engine in 1812, a letter-lock for bank vaults and improved methods of rolling out spoons in 1813, and improved armament and equipment for naval ships from 1812 to 1815.It was in Philadelphia that Perkins became interested in the steam engine, when he met Oliver Evans, who had pioneered the use of high-pressure steam. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society and conducted experiments on the compressibility of water before a committee of that society. Perkins claimed to have liquified air during his experiments in 1822 and, if so, was the real discoverer of the liquification of gases. In 1819 he came to England to demonstrate his forgery-proof system of printing banknotes, but the Bank of England was the only one which did not adopt his system.While in London, Perkins began to experiment with the highest steam pressures used up to that time and in 1822 took out his first of nineteen British patents. This was followed by another in 1823 for a 10 hp (7.5 kW) engine with only 2 in. (51 mm) bore, 12 in. (305 mm) stroke but a pressure of 500 psi (35 kg/cm2), for which he claimed exceptional economy. After 1826, Perkins abandoned his drum boiler for iron tubes and steam pressures of 1,500 psi (105 kg/cm2), but the materials would not withstand such pressures or temperatures for long. It was in that same year that he patented a form of uniflow cylinder that was later taken up by L.J. Todd. One of his engines ran for five days, continuously pumping water at St Katherine's docks, but Perkins could not raise more finance to continue his experiments.In 1823 one his high-pressure hot-water systems was installed to heat the Duke of Wellington's house at Stratfield Saye and it acquired a considerable vogue, being used by Sir John Soane, among others. In 1834 Perkins patented a compression ice-making apparatus, but it did not succeed commercially because ice was imported more cheaply from Norway as ballast for sailing ships. Perkins was often dubbed "the American inventor" because his inquisitive personality allied to his inventive ingenuity enabled him to solve so many mechanical challenges.[br]Further ReadingHistorical Society of Pennsylvania, 1943, biography which appeared previously as a shortened version in the Transactions of the Newcomen Society 24.D.Bathe and G.Bathe, 1943–5, "The contribution of Jacob Perkins to science and engineering", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 24.D.S.L.Cardwell, 1971, From Watt to Clausius. The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age, London: Heinemann (includes comments on the importance of Perkins's steam engine).A.F.Dufton, 1940–1, "Early application of engineering to warming of buildings", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 21 (includes a note on Perkins's application of a high-pressure hot-water heating system).RLH -
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гос. упр., обр., амер. (федеральный) заем Перкинса* (льготный заем, предназначенный дл оказания финансовой поддержки малообеспеченным студентам бакалавриата и магистратуры; предоставляется непосредственно колледжем или университетом; погашается в течение десяти лет после окончания учебы)Syn:See: -
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фин, образФедеральная программа финансовой помощи студентам [ undergraduate student] или магистрантам [ graduate student]. Заем на льготных условиях (под 5 процентов годовых) предоставляется непосредственно колледжем или университетом. Погашение осуществляется в течение десяти лет после окончания учебы. Максимальная сумма для студента 4,5 тыс. долларов в течение первых двух лет и 9 тыс. долларов в последующие годы. Максимальная сумма для магистранта 18 тыс. долларов. Отсрочка выплат [grace period] составляет обычно до 9 месяцев.тж Federal Perkins LoansEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Perkins Loans
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Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Perkins method
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* * *Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > Perkins method
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Геология: трубный замок -
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17 Perkins, (Richard) Marlin
(1905-1986) Перкинс, (Ричард) МарлинЗоолог. Директор зоопарков в городах Чикаго и Сент-Луисе. Создатель "Детского зоопарка" [Children's Zoo; petting zoo], где непосредственные контакты с животными в специальном большом помещении были безопасны для детей. В 1949-57 вел знаменитые телевизионные передачи из Чикагского зоопарка - "Зоопарад" ["Zoo Parade"], в 1962 дебютировал с серией телефильмов под общим названием "Царство зверей" ["Wild Kingdom"], снятых в разных частях мира. Автор нескольких книг о животных для детейEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Perkins, (Richard) Marlin
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18 Perkins, Anthony
(1932-1992) Перкинс, ЭнтониАктер. Выступал на Бродвее [ Broadway], снимался на телевидении. В кино с 1953. В Голливуде [ Hollywood] снялся в фильмах: "Дружеское увещевание" ["Friendly Persuasion"] (1956), "Любовь под вязами" ["Desire Under the Elms"] (1958), "На последнем берегу" ["On the Beach"] (1959), "Процесс" ["The Trial"] (1962), "Уловка-22" ["Catch 22"] (1970), "Убийство в Восточном экспрессе" ["Murder on the Orient Express"] (1974), "Черная дыра" ["The Black Hole"] (1979), "Преступления по страсти" ["Crimes of Passion"] (1984) и др. Большой успех ему принесла роль Нормана Бейтса [Norman Bates] в фильме Хичкока [Hitchcock, Alfred] "Психоз" ["Psycho"] (1960). Снялся в двух его продолжениях [ sequel] - "Психоз II" ["Psycho II"] (1983), "Психоз III" ["Psycho III"] (1986), в котором дебютировал как режиссер, и "Психоз IV: Начало" ["Psycho IV: The Beginning"] (1990), где вновь выступил в роли взрослого герояEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Perkins, Anthony
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19 Perkins, Frances
(1882-1965) Перкинс, ФрэнсисБыла также известна как миссис Пол Уилсон [Mrs. Paul C. Wilson]. Политический и государственный деятель. Эксперт по социальным вопросам, занималась проблемами техники безопасности и условий труда в промышленности, была председателем Комиссии по делам промышленности [Industrial Commission] штата Нью-Йорк, следившей за соблюдением законов в этой области. В 1933-45 - министр труда [ Secretary of Labor] (первая женщина на посту министра). Занималась проблемами безработицы, выступала за признание прав рабочих на коллективные договоры, введение социального страхования, запрещение детского труда, непосредственно проводила в жизнь Закон о справедливых условиях труда 1938 [ Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938] и другие программы "Нового курса" [ New Deal]. В значительной степени усилила Министерство труда [ Department of Labor, U.S.]. Автор книги "Рузвельт, которого я знала" ["The Roosevelt I Knew"] (1946)English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Perkins, Frances
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20 Perkins, George Walbridge
(1862-1920) Перкинс, Джордж УолбриджФинансист. В качестве менеджера и специалиста по делам корпораций принимал участие в укреплении банкирского дома Морганов [Morgan and Co., J.P.], а также в создании корпораций "Интернэшнл харвестер", "Юнайтед Стейтс стил" [ International Harvester Company; United States Steel Corp.] и компаний "Норзерн сикьюритиз" и "Интернэшнл меркантайл марин" [Northern Securities Co., International Mercantile Marine Co.]. В качестве председателя Комиссии парка "Пэлисейдс" [ Palisades Interstate Park] принял участие в создании парковой зоны на западном берегу р. Хадсон [ Hudson River] площадью в 50 кв. мильEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Perkins, George Walbridge
См. также в других словарях:
Perkins — may refer to:PeopleThe name is of Welsh origin from Perthyn, relative or belonging to a particular person or family, and also thought to be the Anglicized form of Peredur, from Medieval Welsh. It is also found throughout mid and southern… … Wikipedia
Perkins — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Angier March Perkins (1799–1881), Maschinenbauingenieur und Erfinder im Bereich der Dampftechnik Anthony Perkins (1932–1992), US amerikanischer Schauspieler Bill Perkins (1924–2003), US amerikanischer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Perkins — Perkins, OK U.S. town in Oklahoma Population (2000): 2272 Housing Units (2000): 988 Land area (2000): 2.231011 sq. miles (5.778292 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.231011 sq. miles (5.778292 sq … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Perkins, OK — U.S. town in Oklahoma Population (2000): 2272 Housing Units (2000): 988 Land area (2000): 2.231011 sq. miles (5.778292 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.231011 sq. miles (5.778292 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Perkins — Perkins, 1) Elias, Arzt in Plainfield im Staate New Jersey (Nordamerika), in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrh.; bekannt durch die als Perkinismus bezeichnete Heilart. Das von ihm angewendete Mittel (Metallic tractors) bestand in 2–21/2 Zoll… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Perkins — Perkins, Charles Callahan, nordamerikan. Kunstschriftsteller, geb. 1823 in Boston, gest. 25. Aug. 1886 in Windsor (Vermont), bildete sich in Europa, besonders auf Reisen in Italien, wo er sich vorzugsweise mit der Erforschung der italienischen… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Perkins — [ pəːkɪnz], Anthony, amerikanischer Schauspieler, * New York 14. 4. 1932, ✝ Los Angeles (Calif.) 12. 9. 1992; spielte (seit 1953) nervöse, neurotische Typen. Filme: Lieben Sie Brahms? (1960); Psycho (1960); Die dritte Dimension (1962); Der… … Universal-Lexikon
Perkins — [pʉr′kinz] Frances 1882 1965; U.S. social worker: secretary of labor (1933 45) … English World dictionary
Perkins' 14 — Infobox film name = Perkins 14 image size = caption = director = Craig Singer producer = Jeremy DonaldsonMatthew KuipersChristopher Milburn writer = Lane Shadgett (screenplay) narrator = starring = Patrick O KaneShayla BeesleyMihaela MihutMichale … Wikipedia
Perkins — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Perkins est un nom de famille notamment porté par : Anthony Perkins (1932 1992), acteur et chanteur américain. Carl Perkins (1928 1959), pianiste de… … Wikipédia en Français
Perkins — /perr kinz/, n. 1. Frances, 1882 1965, U.S. sociologist: Secretary of Labor 1933 45. 2. Maxwell (Evarts), 1884 1947, U.S. editor. * * * (as used in expressions) Gilman Charlotte Anna Perkins Stetson Perkins Anthony Perkins Frances Fannie Coralie… … Universalium