PBK

in paperback

■ ¿lo quiere en rústica o con tapa dura? do you want it in paperback or hardback?

* * *

= paperback, in paperback, paperbound, pbk (paperback, -abrev.)

Ex. Within the past couple of months, Rutgers University Press issued a paperback volume of proceedings of a symposium that was held, I think, in the past year.

Ex. 50 titles of popular books were purchased from a prebinder and 2 additional copies of each title were purchased in paperback.

Ex. In 1975 the Oklahoma Public Library converted its 5 bookmobiles from hardback to paperbound material.

Ex. ISBN 1-85000-831-0 (cased): 35.00 pounds; ISBN 1-85000-832 9 (pbk), 11.95 pounds.

* * *

(adj.) = hardbound, cased

Ex. Environment Abstracts is a monthly journal of abstracts and indexes with hardbound annual cumulations.

Ex. ISBN 1-85000-831-0 ( cased): 35.00 pounds; ISBN 1-85000-832 9 (pbk), 11.95 pounds.

* * *

1 rustic, coarse, ordinary, unsophisticated.

2 boorish, uncouth.

1 boor, homespun, rough person, uncouth man.

2 Rústico.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 rustic, rural

► nombre masculino rústico

1 peasant

\

en rústica in paperback

■ ¿lo quiere en rústica o con tapa dura? do you want it in paperback or hardback?

► nombre masculino

1 peasant

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=del campo) rustic, rural, country antes de s

2) (=tosco) coarse, uncouth; (=grosero) crude; (=descortés) unmannerly

SM / F peasant, yokel, hillbilly (EEUU)

* * *

- ca adjetivo ( del campo) rustic; ( basto) coarse

- ca masculino, femenino (Esp) country person

* * *

= rural, rustic.

Nota: Adjetivo.

Ex. It is sufficient to satisfy this purpose that the rural inhabitant should be rendered a happier (and not necessarily a more learned) man.

Ex. This is a family-run business that creates rustic metal art that is functional and decorative.

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* edición en rústica = paperback, paperbound publishing, trade paperback.

* encuadernación en rústica = paper wrappers.

* encuadernar en rústica = bind in + paper covers.

* en rústica = paperback, in paperback, paperbound, pbk (paperback, -abrev.).

* estilo rústico = rustic style.

* libro en rústica = paperback, paperback book, paperbound book, trade paperback, pocketbook.

* Libros Británicos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbacks in Print.

* sección de libros en rústica = paperback rack.

* * *

- ca adjetivo ( del campo) rustic; ( basto) coarse

- ca masculino, femenino (Esp) country person

* * *

= rural, rustic.

Nota: Adjetivo.

* * *

1 (del campo) rustic, rural

2 (basto) coarse

3 ‹mueble› basic

4 ‹área/suelo/terreno› agricultural, farm ( before n)

( Esp)

country person

* * *

◊ -ca adjetivo ( del campo) rustic;

* * *

rústico, -a adj

1. [del campo] country;

casa rústica country cottage

2. [tosco] rough, coarse

* * *

1 mueble, casa rustic

2 ( tosco) coarse

en rústica libro softcover atr

* * *

rústico, -ca adj

: rural, rustic

rústico, -ca n

: rustic, country dweller

* * *

rústico adj rustic

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Telecommunications

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Interested from childhood in anything mechanical, as a teenager Armstrong constructed a variety of wireless equipment in the attic of his parents' home, including spark-gap transmitters and receivers with iron-filing "coherer" detectors capable of producing weak Morse-code signals. In 1912, while still a student of engineering at Columbia University, he applied positive, i.e. regenerative, feedback to a Lee De Forest triode amplifier to just below the point of oscillation and obtained a gain of some 1,000 times, giving a receiver sensitivity very much greater than hitherto possible. Furthermore, by allowing the circuit to go into full oscillation he found he could generate stable continuous-waves, making possible the first reliable CW radio transmitter. Sadly, his claim to priority with this invention, for which he filed US patents in 1913, the year he graduated from Columbia, led to many years of litigation with De Forest, to whom the US Supreme Court finally, but unjustly, awarded the patent in 1934. The engineering world clearly did not agree with this decision, for the Institution of Radio Engineers did not revoke its previous award of a gold medal and he subsequently received the highest US scientific award, the Franklin Medal, for this discovery.

During the First World War, after some time as an instructor at Columbia University, he joined the US Signal Corps laboratories in Paris, where in 1918 he invented the superheterodyne, a major contribution to radio-receiver design and for which he filed a patent in 1920. The principle of this circuit, which underlies virtually all modern radio, TV and radar reception, is that by using a local oscillator to convert, or "heterodyne", a wanted signal to a lower, fixed, "intermediate" frequency it is possible to obtain high amplification and selectivity without the need to "track" the tuning of numerous variable circuits.

Returning to Columbia after the war and eventually becoming Professor of Electrical Engineering, he made a fortune from the sale of his patent rights and used part of his wealth to fund his own research into further problems in radio communication, particularly that of receiver noise. In 1933 he filed four patents covering the use of wide-band frequency modulation (FM) to achieve low-noise, high-fidelity sound broadcasting, but unable to interest RCA he eventually built a complete broadcast transmitter at his own expense in 1939 to prove the advantages of his system. Unfortunately, there followed another long battle to protect and exploit his patents, and exhausted and virtually ruined he took his own life in 1954, just as the use of FM became an established technique.

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