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1 Nipkow, Paul Gottlieb
[br]b. 22 August 1860 Lauenburg, Pommern (now Lebork, Poland)d. 24 August 1940 Berlin, Germany[br]Polish electrical engineer who invented the Nipkow television scanning disc.[br]In 1884, while still a student engineer, Nipkow patented a mechanical television pick-up device using a disc with a spiral of twenty-four holes rotating at 600 rpm in front of a selenium cell. He also proposed a display on an identical synchronous disc in conjunction with a light-modulator based on the Faraday effect. Unfortunately it was not possible to realize a working system at the time because of the slow response of selenium cells and the lack of suitable electronic-sig-nal amplifiers; he was unable to pay the extension fees and so the patent lapsed. Others took up the idea, however, and in 1907 pictures were sent between London and Paris by wire. Subsequently, the principle was used by Baird, Ives, and Jenkins.For most of his working life after obtaining his doctorate, Nipkow was employed as an engineer by a company that made railway-signalling equipment, but his pioneering invention was finally recognized in 1934 when he was made Honorary President of the newly formed German Television Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, German Television Society 1934.Bibliography1884, German patent no. 30,105 (Nipkow's pioneering method of television image-scanning).Further ReadingR.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Co.KF -
2 Broadcasting
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br] -
3 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
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4 Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
[br]b. 19 August 1906 Beaver, Utah, USAd. 11 March 1971 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA[br]American engineer and independent inventor who was a pioneer in the development of television.[br]Whilst still in high school, Farnsworth became interested in the possibility of television and conceived many of the basic features of a practicable system of TV broadcast and reception. Following two years of study at the Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, in 1926 he cofounded the Crocker Research Laboratories in San Francisco, subsequently Farnsworth Television Inc. (1929) and Farnsworth Radio \& Television Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1938). There he began a lifetime of research, primarily in the field of television. In 1927, with the backing of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and the collaboration of Vladimir Zworykin, he demonstrated the first all-electronic television system, based on his early ideas for an image dissector tube, the first electronic equivalent of the Nipkow disc. With this rudimentary sixty-line system he was able to transmit a recognizable dollar sign and file the first of many TV patents. From then on he contributed to a variety of developments in the fields of vacuum tubes, radar and atomic-power generation, with patents on cathode ray tubes, amplifying and pick-up tubes, electron multipliers and photoelectric materials.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Radio Engineers Morris Leibmann Memorial Prize 1941.Bibliography1930, British patent nos. 368,309 and 368,721 (for his image dissector).1934, "Television by electron image scanning", Journal of the Franklin Institute 218:411 (describes the complete image-dissector system).Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry 1925–1941, University of Alabama Press.O.E.Dunlop Jr, 1944, Radio's 100 Men of Science.G.R.M.Garratt \& A.H.Mumford, 1952, "The history of television", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers III A Television 99.KFBiographical history of technology > Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
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5 Ives, Herbert Eugene
[br]b. 1882 USAd. 1953[br]American physicist find television pioneer.[br]Ives gained his PhD in physics from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and subsequently served in the US Signal Corps, eventually gaining experience in aerial photography. He then joined the Western Electric Engineering Department (later Bell Telephone Laboratories), c.1920 becoming leader of a group concerned with television-image transmission over telephone lines. In 1927, using a Nipkow disc, he demonstrated 50-line, 18 frames/sec pictures that could be displayed as either 2 in.×2 1/2 in. (5.1 cm×6.4 cm) images suitable for a "wirephone", or 2 ft ×2 1/2 ft (61 cm×76 cm) images for television viewing. Two years later, using a single-spiral disc and three separately modulated light sources, he was able to produce full-colour images.[br]Bibliography1915, "The transformation of colour mixture equations", Journal of the Franklin Institute 180:673.1923, "do—Pt II", Journal of the Franklin Institute 195–23.1925, "Telephone picture transmission", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 23:82.1929, "Television in colour", Bell Laboratories Record 7:439.1930, with A.L.Johnsrul, "Television in colour by a beam-scanning method", Journal of the Optical Society of America 20:11.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.KF -
6 Jenkins, Charles Francis
[br]b. 1867 USAd. 1934 USA[br]American pioneer of motion pictures and television.[br]During the early years of the motion picture industry, Jenkins made many innovations, including the development in 1894 of his own projector, the "Phantoscope", which was widely used for a number of years. In the same year he also suggested the possibility of electrically transmitting pictures over a distance, an interest that led to a lifetime of experimentation. As a result of his engineering contributions to the practical realization of moving pictures, in 1915 the National Motion Picture Board of Trade asked him to chair a committee charged with establishing technical standards for the industry. This in turn led to his proposing the creation of a professional society for those engineers in the industry, and the following year the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (later to become the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) was formed, with Jenkins as its first President. Soon after this he began experiments with mechanical television, using both the Nipkow hole-spiral disc and a low-definition system of his own, based on rotating bevelled glass discs (his so-called "prismatic rings") and alkali-metal photocells. In the 1920s he gave many demonstrations of mechanical television, including a cable transmission of a crude silhouette of President Harding from Washington, DC, to Philadelphia in 1923 and a radio broadcast from Washington in 1928. The following year he formed the Jenkins Television Company to make television transmitters and receivers, but it soon went into debt and was acquired by the de Forest Company, from whom RCA later purchased the patents.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst President, Society of Motion Picture Engineers 1916.Bibliography1923, "Radio photographs, radio movies and radio vision", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16:78.1923, "Recent progress in the transmission of motion pictures by radio", Transactions ofthe Society of Motion Picture Engineers 17:81.1925, "Radio movies", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 21:7. 1930, "Television systems", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 15:445. 1925. Vision by Radio.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry, 1925–41: University of Alabama Press.R.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Sons.1926. "The Jenkins system", Wireless World 18: 642 (contains a specific account of Jenkins's work).KFBiographical history of technology > Jenkins, Charles Francis
См. также в других словарях:
Nipkow — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Karl Ernst Nipkow (* 1928), deutscher Religionswissenschaftler Paul Nipkow (1860–1940), deutscher Ingenieur Diese Seite ist eine Begriffsklärung zur Unterscheidung mehrerer mit demselben Wort bezeichneter … Deutsch Wikipedia
Nipkow — Nipkow, Paul … Enciclopedia Universal
Nipkow-Scheibe — [ nɪpko ; nach dem deutschen Ingenieur Paul G. Nipkow, * 1860, ✝ 1940], eine in den Anfängen des Fernsehens zur Bildabtastung verwendete Scheibe mit spiralig angeordneten Löchern. Sie diente auf der Aufnahmeseite zur Abtastung des Bildes, indem … Universal-Lexikon
Nipkow disk — Schematic showing the circular paths traced by the holes in a Nipkow disk A Nipkow disk (sometimes Anglicized as Nipkov disk), also known as scanning disk, is a mechanical, geometrically operating image scanning device, invented by Paul Gottlieb… … Wikipedia
Nipkow-Scheibe — Die Nipkow Scheibe ist die Grundlage des von Paul Nipkow (1860–1940) erfundenen und so bezeichneten „Elektrischen Teleskops“. Das Patent mit der Nummer 30105 wurde am 15. Januar 1885 vom kaiserlichen Patentamt publiziert und rückwirkend auf den 6 … Deutsch Wikipedia
Nipkow, Paul Gottlieb — ▪ German scientist born , Aug. 22, 1860, Lauenburg, Pomerania [Germany] died Aug. 24, 1940, Berlin, Ger. German engineer who discovered television s (television) scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an… … Universalium
nipkow disc — ˈnip(ˌ)kō noun Usage: usually capitalized N Etymology: after Paul G. Nipkow died 1940 German television pioneer : a mechanical television scanner consisting of a rotating disk with small holes upon its periphery through which narrow beams of… … Useful english dictionary
nipkow — nip·kow … English syllables
Nipkow disk — noun A mechanical, geometrically operating image scanning device, a fundamental component of early mechanical television … Wiktionary
Nipkow, Paul — ► (1860 1940) Ingeniero alemán. Inventó el disco que lleva su nombre y que sirve para la descomposición y recomposición de imágenes en televisión … Enciclopedia Universal
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow — Nipkow in about 1884 Born August 22, 1860(1860 08 22) Lauenburg, then Prussia, today Poland Died August 24, 1940( … Wikipedia