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1 Lothian
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2 Lothian And Edinburgh Environmental Partnership
Ecology: LEEPУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Lothian And Edinburgh Environmental Partnership
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3 East Lothian
Cartography: EL -
4 Legend of Lothian (computer game)
Abbreviation: LOLУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Legend of Lothian (computer game)
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5 West Lothian
Cartography: WL -
6 West Lothian Canoe Club
Sports: WLCCУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > West Lothian Canoe Club
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7 Legend of Lothian
Abbreviation: (computer game) LOL -
8 Лотиан
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9 (обл.) Лотиан
Geography: Lothian (Шотландия, Великобритания) -
10 Ист-Лотиан
1) Geography: East Lothian (графство Шотландии)2) Abbreviation: EL (графство в Шотландии) -
11 Уэст-Лотиан
Geography: West Lothian (графство Шотландии) -
12 графство Истлотиан
Cartography: East LothianУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > графство Истлотиан
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13 графство Уэстлотиан
Cartography: West LothianУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > графство Уэстлотиан
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14 Лотиан
Geography: (обл.) Lothian (Шотландия, Великобритания) -
15 seamlach
a cow that gives milk without her calf, an impudent or silly person; Scottish shamloch, a cow that has not calved for two years (West Lothian): -
16 Ист-Лотиан
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17 Уэст-Лотиан
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18 ლოტიანი
nLothian -
19 Howden, James
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 29 February 1832 Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotlandd. 21 November 1913 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish engineer and boilermaker, inventor of the forced-draught system for the boiler combustion chamber.[br]Howden was educated in Prestonpans. While aged only 14 or 15, he travelled across Scotland by canal to Glasgow, where he served an engineering apprenticeship with James Gray \& Co. In 1853 he completed his time and for some months served with the civil engineers Bell and Miller, and then with Robert Griffiths, a designer of screw propellers for ships. In 1854, at the age of 22, Howden set up as a consulting engineer and designer. He designed a rivet-making machine from which he realized a fair sum by the sale of patent rights, this assisting him in converting the design business into a manufacturing one. His first contract for a marine engine came in 1859 for the compound steam engine and the watertube boilers of the Anchor Liner Ailsa Craig. This ship operated at 100 psi (approximately 7 kg/cm2), well above the norm for those days. James Howden \& Co. was formed in 1862. Despite operating in the world's most competitive market, the new company remained prosperous through the flow of inventions in marine propulsion. Shipbuilding was added to the company's list of services, but such work was subcontracted. Work was obtained from all the great shipping companies building in the Glasgow region, and with such throughput Howden's could afford research and experimentation. This led to the Howden hot-air forced-draught system, whereby furnace waste gases were used to heat the air being drawn into the combustion chambers. The first installation was on the New York City, built in 1885 for West Indian service. Howden's fertile mind brought about a fully enclosed high-speed marine steam engine in the 1900s and, shortly after, the Howden-Zoelly impulse steam turbine for land operation. Until his death, Howden worked on many technical and business problems: he was involved in the St Helena Whaling Company, marble quarrying in Greece and in the design of a recoilless gun for the Admiralty.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHowden was the last surviving member of the group who founded the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1857.BibliographyHowden contributed several papers to the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.Further ReadingC.W.Munn, 1986, "James Howden", Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography, Vol. I, Aberdeen.FMW -
20 Kirk, Alexander Carnegie
[br]b. c.1830 Barry, Angus, Scotlandd. 5 October 1892 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish marine engineer, advocate of multiple-expansion in steam reciprocating engines.[br]Kirk was a son of the manse, and after attending school at Arbroath he proceeded to Edinburgh University. Following graduation he served an apprenticeship at the Vulcan Foundry, Glasgow, before serving first as Chief Draughtsman with the Thames shipbuilders and engineers Maudslay Sons \& Field, and later as Engineer of Paraffin Young's Works at Bathgate and West Calder in Lothian. He was credited with the inventions of many ingenious appliances and techniques for improving production in these two establishments. About 1866 Kirk returned to Glasgow as Manager of the Cranstonhill Engine Works, then moved to Elder's Shipyard (later known as the Fairfield Company) as Engineering Manager. There he made history in producing the world's first triple-expansion engines for the single-screw steamship Propontis in 1874. That decade was to confirm the Clyde's leading role as shipbuilders to the world and to establish the iron ship with efficient reciprocating machinery as the workhorse of the British Merchant Marine. Upon the death of the great Clyde shipbuilder Robert Napier in 1876, Kirk and others took over as partners in the shipbuilding yard and engine shops of Robert Napier \& Sons. There in 1881 they built a ship that is acknowledged as one of the masterpieces of British shipbuilding: the SS Aberdeen for George Thompson's Aberdeen Line to the Far East. In this ship the fullest advantage was taken of high steam temperatures and pressures, which were expanded progressively in a three-cylinder configuration. The Aberdeen, in its many voyages from London to China and Japan, was to prove the efficiency of these engines that had been so carefully designed in Glasgow. In the following years Dr Kirk (he has always been known as Doctor, although his honorary LLD was only awarded by Glasgow University in 1888) persuaded the Admiralty and several shipping companies to accept not only triple-expansion machinery but also the use of mild steel in ship construction. The successful SS Parisian, built for the Allan Line of Glasgow, was one of these pioneer ships.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.FMWBiographical history of technology > Kirk, Alexander Carnegie
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См. также в других словарях:
Lothian — ( Lowden in Scots, Lodainn in Gaelic) forms a traditional region of Scotland, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills.Historically, the term Lothian is used for a province encompassing the present area plus … Wikipedia
Lothian — / Lodainn Región (desaparecida) de Escocia Situación de la antigua región de Lothian en Escocia … Wikipedia Español
Lothian — [lō′thē ən, lō′thēən] former administrative region of SE Scotland, which included Edinburgh & the former districts of East Lothian, Midlothian, & West Lothian … English World dictionary
Lothian — (spr. Loddhien), Theil von Südschottland, fruchtbar u. volkreich; theilt sich in Ost L. (Haddingtonshire), Mid L. (Edinburgh) u. West L. (Linlithgow) … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Lothian — (spr. lóthĭänn), fruchtbare Landschaft Schottlands, im S. des Firth of Forth, mit den Grafsch. Haddington, Linlithgow und Edinburgh oder Mid L … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Lothian — (Lohsiänn), fruchtbare Landschaft im südl. Schottland, zerfällt in die Grafschaften Haddington, Linlithgow, Edinburgh, od. Ost , West u. Mittel L … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Lothian — Der Name Lothian bezeichnet: folgende Personen: Philip Kerr, 11. Marquess of Lothian (1882–1940), britischer Politiker, Journalist und Diplomat Michael Kerr, 13. Marquess of Lothian (* 1945), britischer Politiker, siehe Michael Ancram folgende… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Lothian — 55°54′33″N 3°05′04″O / 55.90917, 3.08444 … Wikipédia en Français
Lothian — /loh dhee euhn/, n. a region in E Scotland. 754,008; 700 sq. mi. (1813 sq. km). * * * ▪ ancient province, Scotland also called Lyonnesse a primitive province of Scotland lying between the Rivers Tweed and Forth. The name, of Welsh origin … Universalium
Lothian — I. /ˈloʊðiən/ (say lohdheeuhn) noun Thomas Carlyle, 1880–1974, Australian book publisher, born in England. II. /ˈloʊðiən/ (say lohdheeuhn) noun a former administrative region of Scotland, in the south eastern central part; replaced in 1996 by the …
Lothian — ► Región de Gran Bretaña, en Escocia; 1 753 km2 y 723 700 h. Cap., Edimburgo. Está dividida entre los condados de East Lo thian, Midlothian y West Lothian … Enciclopedia Universal