-
1 Judson
-
2 Judson, Whitcomb L.
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1891–1905 USA[br]American inventor of the zip fastener.[br]Whitcomb Judson was a mechanical engineer by profession. He filed his first patent application for a zip fastener in 1891 and took out a fifth in 1905. His invention was originally designed for shoes and consisted of separate fasteners with two interlocking parts which could be fastened either by hand or by a movable guide. In his last patent, he clamped the fastening elements to the edge of a fabric tape and patented a machine for manufacturing this. Through an earlier exploit, the Judson Pneumatic Street Railway Company, Judson knew Colonel Lewis Walker, who helped him to organize the Universal Fastener Company of Chicago to manufacture these fasteners, which at first were made by hand. One machine invented by Judson proved to be too complicated, but Judson's later fasteners were easier to adapt to machine production. The original company was reorganized as the Automatic Hook and Eye Company of Hoboken, New Jersey, and the new fasteners were sold under the name "C-curity". However, the garment manufacturers would not use them at first because the fasteners had defects, such as springing open at unexpected moments. The Automatic Hook and Eye Company brought in Gideon Sundback, who improved Judson's work and made the zip fastener successful.[br]Further ReadingJ.Jewkes, D.Sawyers and R.Stillerman, 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd edn, London (for an account of the invention).I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 852–3 (provides a brief account of fastenings).RLH -
3 Universidad Judson
f.Judson University. -
4 Джадсон, Адонирам
(1788-1850; баптистский миссионер в Бирме) Judson, AdoniramРусско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > Джадсон, Адонирам
-
5 Field, Cyrus West
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 30 November 1819 Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USAd. 12 July 1892 New York City, New York, USA[br]American financier and entrepreneur noted for his successful promotion of the first transatlantic telegraph cable.[br]At the age of 15 Field left home to seek his fortune in New York, starting work on Broadway as an errand boy for $1 per week. Returning to Massachusetts, in 1838 he became an assistant to his brother Matthew, a paper-maker, leaving to set up his own business two years later. By the age of 21 he was also a partner in a New York firm of paper wholesalers, but this firm collapsed because of large debts. Out of the wreckage he set up Cyrus W.Field \& Co., and by 1852 he had paid off all the debts. With $250,000 in the bank he therefore retired and travelled in South America. Returning to the USA, he then became involved with the construction of a telegraph line in Newfoundland by an English engineer, F.N. Osborne. Although the company collapsed, he had been fired by the dream of a transatlantic cable and in 1854 was one of the founders of the New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Company. He began to promote surveys and hold discussions with British telegraph pioneers and with Isambard Brunel, who was then building the Great Eastern steamship. In 1856 he helped to set up the Atlantic Telegraph Company in Britain and, as a result of his efforts and those of the British physicist and inventor Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), work began in 1857 on the laying of the first transatlantic cable from Newfoundland to Ireland. After many tribulations the cable was completed on 5 August 1857, but it failed after barely a month. Following several unsuccessful attempts to repair and replace it, the cable was finally completed on 27 July 1866. Building upon his success, Field expanded his business interests. In 1877 he bought a controlling interest in and was President of the New York Elevated Railroad Company. He also helped develop the Wabash Railroad and became owner of the New York Mail and Express newspaper; however, he subsequently suffered large financial losses.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCongressional Gold Medal.Further ReadingA.C.Clarke, 1958, Voice Across the Sea, London: Frederick Muller (describes the development of the transatlantic telegraph).H.M.Field, 1893, Story of the Atlantic Telegraph (also describes the transatlantic telegraph development).L.J.Judson (ed.), 1893, Cyrus W.Field: His Life and Work (a complete biography).KF -
6 Sundback, Gideon
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1910 USA[br]American engineer who improved zip fasteners so they became both a practical and a commercial proposition.[br]The zip fastener was originally patented in the USA in 1896 by W.L. Judson of Chicago. At first it was used only in boots and shoes and was not a success because it tended to jam or spring open. It was expensive, for it was made largely by hand. Eventually the Automatic Hook and Eye Company of Hoboken, New Jersey, took on Dr Gideon Sundback, a Swedish electrical engineer who had settled in the United States in 1905. After several years' work Sundback filed a patent application and his model was sold as a novelty item but was still unsatisfactory in use. In 1912 he invented a hookless fastener which looked promising but also was impractical in use. Finally, in 1913, he invented a fastener which in all important essentials was the modern zip fastener and, in addition, he invented the machinery to produce it. However, clothing manufacturers continued to oppose its introduction until in 1918 a contractor making flying suits for the United States Navy placed an order for 10,000 fasteners and in 1923 B.F.Goodrich \& Co. put zips in the galoshes that they manufactured. Success was assured from then on.[br]Further ReadingJ.Jewkes, D.Sawers and R.Stillerman, 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd edn, London (discusses the invention).I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge pp. 852–3 (for an account of the development of fastenings).RLH -
7 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing
См. также в других словарях:
Judson — ist der Name von Adoniram Judson, (1788–1850) 1. US amerikanischer Missionar im Ausland, danach benannt: Judson University, eine Hochschule in Elgin (Illinois) Andrew T. Judson (1784–1853), US amerikanischer Politiker Ann Hasseltine Judson… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Judson — may refer to:People*Adoniram Judson (1788 1850), the first American missionary abroad *Ann Hasseltine Judson (1789 1826), America s first female Baptist foreign missionary *Edward Judson, American Baptist clergyman *Horace Freeland Judson *Judson … Wikipedia
Judson — Lugar designado por el censo de los Estados Unidos … Wikipedia Español
Judson — Judson, SC U.S. Census Designated Place in South Carolina Population (2000): 2456 Housing Units (2000): 1143 Land area (2000): 0.806654 sq. miles (2.089225 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000):… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Judson, SC — U.S. Census Designated Place in South Carolina Population (2000): 2456 Housing Units (2000): 1143 Land area (2000): 0.806654 sq. miles (2.089225 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.806654 sq. miles … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Judson, E.Z.C. — ▪ American writer in full Edward Zane Carroll Judson, pseudonym Ned Buntline born March 20, 1823, Stamford, N.Y., U.S. died July 16, 1886, Stamford American adventurer and writer, an originator of the so called dime novels (dime novel)… … Universalium
Judson — noun transferred from the surname. Judd was a name associated with a certain measure of sternness, sobriety, though in fact we Mulvaney children were rarely scolded and even more rarely punished: Judson Andrew which is my baptismal name was a… … Wiktionary
Judson — Recorded in several forms including Judkin and Jugging, and the patronymics Judson, Judgkins and Juggings, this is an English medieval 14th century surname. It is in basis a derivative of the personal name Jordan, itself from the ancient Hebrew… … Surnames reference
Judson — Original name in latin Judson Name in other language State code US Continent/City America/New York longitude 34.83317 latitude 82.42762 altitude 301 Population 2050 Date 2011 05 14 … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Judson High School — Location Converse, Texas United States Coordinates … Wikipedia
Judson College (Alabama) — Judson College, founded in 1838 in Marion, Alabama, (as Judson Female Institute), is one of the oldest women s colleges in the United States.The college was founded by members of the Siloam Baptist Church of Marion and named after Ann Hasseltine… … Wikipedia