JJP

μεσίτης, ου, ὁ (s. μεσιτεύω; since Polyb. 28, 17, 8; Ps.-Lucian, Amor. 47 θεὸν μεσίτην λαβόντες; pap; Job 9:33; TestDan 6:2; AssMos Fgm. a; Philo; Jos., Ant. 4, 133; 16, 24. On this many-sided t.t. of Hellenistic legal language s. LMitteis, Her 30, 1895, 616ff; JBehm, D. Begriff Διαθήκη im NT 1912, 77ff w. numerous exx.; s. lit. in JModrzejewski, Private Arbitration in Greco-Roman Egypt, JJP 6, ’52, 247 n. 79) one who mediates betw. two parties to remove a disagreement or reach a common goal, mediator, arbitrator, of Christ (Mithras as μεσίτης: Plut., Mor. 369e) w. gen. of the pers. betw. whom he mediates μ. θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων mediator between God and humans (Iren. 3, 18, 7 [Harv. II 100, 7]; cp. TestDan 6:2) 1 Ti 2:5; w. gen. of the thing that Jesus mediates: κρείττονος Hb 8:6, καινῆς 9:15, νέας διαθήκης 12:24 (s. διαθήκη 2. AssMos. Fgm. a, Denis 63, 10=Tromp p. 272], Moses calls himself τῆς διαθήκης μεσίτης). Of the law διαταγεὶς διʼ ἀγγέλων ἐν χειρὶ μεσίτου ordered through the angels, by the hand of a mediator Gal 3:19 (Moses, as mediator betw. God and the people, called μεσίτης e.g. Philo, Mos. 2, 166, Somn. 1, 143; Betz, Gal [Hermeneia] ad loc.). The sense of vs. 20, ὁ δὲ μ. ἑνὸς οὐκ ἔστιν an intermediary does not exist for one party alone, is disputed. It prob. means that the activity of an intermediary implies the existence of more than one party, and hence may be unsatisfactory because it must result in a compromise. The presence of an intermediary would prevent attainment, without any impediment, of the purpose of the εἷς θεός in giving the law.—NKZ 39, 1928, 21–24; 549–52; 552f; HStegmann, BZ 22, ’34, 30–42; Straub 67.—DELG s.v. μέσος B. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq.

τόκος, ου, ὁ (τίκτω; Hom. et al. in the sense ‘offspring’ etc.) interest on money loaned (Pind., Pla. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 208; Ath. 30, 3) Mt 25:27; Lk 19:23 (PLond II, 218, 4 p. 15 [III B.C.] ἐδάνεισεν σὺν τόκῳ). τόκοι τόκων compound interest (Aristoph., Nub. 1156 al.) ApcPt 16:31.—JHerrmann, Zinssätze usw. [Greco-Egypt. pap], JJP 14, ’62, 23–31. B. 800.—DELG s.v. τίκτω. M-M.

ἀγωγή, ῆς, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX) ‘leading’ (Orig. C. Cels. 3, 73, 12) then way of life, conduct (so X., Eq. 3, 4; Polyb. 4, 74, 1; 4 ἀ. τοῦ βίου; Diod S 13, 82, 7; M. Ant. 1, 6; IMagnMai 164, 3 ἤθει καὶ ἀγωγῇ κόσμιον; OGI 223, 15 [III B.C.]; 474, 9; 485, 3; UPZ 113, 12 [156 B.C.]; PTebt 24, 57 [117 B.C.]; SB 9050 V, 11f. ἡ τοῦ βίου ἀ. [s. AKränzlein, JJP 6, ’52, 232]; Horoscope in PPrinc 75, 5; Esth 2:20; 2 Macc 11:24; EpArist, Philo, Jos., Ant. 14, 195; Iren. 4, 38, 1 [Harv. II 292, 9]; Orig. C. Cels. 3, 51, 16; s. Nägeli 34) 2 Ti 3:10. ἡ ἐν Χριστῷ ἀ. the Christian way of life 1 Cl 47:6 (v.l. ἀγάπε). σεμνὴ … ἁγνὴ ἀ. 48:1.—DELG s.v. ἄγω 18. TW. Sv.

ἀναχωρέω 1 aor. ἀνεχώρησα; pf. ἀνακεχώρηκα (s. χωρέω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.; Just. D. 76, 5 [for ἀπο-Mt 7:23]).

① to depart from a location

ⓐ gener. go away (Epict. 2, 1, 8; 2, 12, 6; 4, 1, 96; Herodian 1, 12, 2; 2 Macc 10:13; Jos., Vi. 151) Mt 2:13; 9:24; 27:5; Hv 3, 1, 8; Hs 9, 5, 1f. μικρόν a little way Hs 9, 5, 1 v.l. ἀπό τινος Hs 9, 11, 2. Fig. τόπος ἀνακεχωρηκώς a secluded place v 3, 1, 3 (cp. the metaph. expressions L-S-J-M III).

ⓑ withdraw, retire, take refuge (common in pap of obligations to the state, e.g. POxy 251, 10 εἰς τὴν ξένην; 252, 9 [19/20]; PLille 3, 76 [241 B.C.]; cp. Wilcken, APF 5, 1908, 222; HBraunert, JJP 9/10, ’55/56, 59ff; HHenne, MPER n.s. V, ’56, 59ff; also s. Ex 2:15; 2 Macc 5:27 εἰς) εἰς Αἴγυπτον Mt 2:14. εἰς τὰ μέρη τῆς Γαλιλαίας 2:22; cp. 15:21. εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν 4:12. εἴς τινα τόπον to a certain place Hv 2, 1, 4. πρὸς (v.l. εἰς, read by Tdf.) τὴν θάλασσαν to the sea = westward like יָמָּה Mk 3:7 (ἀ. πρός w. acc. as Jos., Ant. 1, 85). εἰς τὸ ὄρος J 6:15. ἀπὸ τ. Ἀθηνῶν Ac 18:1 D. ἐκεῖθεν Mt 12:15. ἐκεῖθεν εἰς ἔρημον τόπον from there to a lonely place 14:13; κατʼ ἰδίαν ibid. Ac 23:19. Abs. 26:31; AcPl Ha 3, 3; 15.

② to go back to an area from which one has departed, return (εἰς Polyb. 1, 11, 15; SIG 1168, 117; OGI 335, 121; Jos., Bell. 2, 407, Ant. 17, 58) εἰς τ. χώραν αὐτῶν to their own country Mt 2:12; GJs 21:4.—DELG s.v. χώρα. M-M.

ὑπηρέτης, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestBenj 3:8; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 4, 2; loanw. in rabb.; freq. as t.t. for a governmental or other official) one who functions as a helper, freq. in a subordinate capacity, helper, assistant (e.g. a physician’s assistant: Hobart 88f; as adjutant: Arrian, Tact. 10, 4; 14, 4; the lictor beside the consul: Appian, Liby. 90 §424; the 20 senators with Pompey: Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §67; the priest’s helpers: Diod S 1, 73, 3; the assistant to the ἡγούμενος of a cultic fellowship: Sb 7835, 11 [I B.C.]) Dg 7:2. John (Mark) as ὑπ. of Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:5 (BHolmes, Luke’s Description of John Mark: JBL 54, ’35, 63–72; WHadorn, D. Gefährten u. Mitarbeiter des Pls: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 65–82; RTaylor, ET 54, ’42/43, 136–38). Of the attendants of a board or court (Diod S 14, 5, 1f and Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 31 §138 of attendants of the court; Diod S 17, 30, 4 παρέδωκε τοῖς ὑπηρέταις … ἀποκτεῖναι; Maximus Tyr. 3, 2b), of the Sanhedrin (Jos., Bell. 1, 655 παρέδωκεν τοῖς ὑπ. ἀνελεῖν, Ant. 4, 37 πέμψας ὑπ.; 16, 232) Mt 5:25 (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 68 D.: ὁ δικαστὴς παραδίδωσι τ. ὑπηρέταις ‘deputies’); 26:58; Mk 14:54, 65; J 7:32, 45f; 18:3, 12, 22; 19:6; Ac 5:22, 26; GJs 10:1; 15:2. W. δοῦλοι (as Pla., Polit. 289c [on this Collins 81–84, s. below]; Just., A I, 14, 1) J 18:18. Of a synagogue attendant (as prob. in the Roman-Jewish grave ins: RGarrucci, Dissertazioni archeologiche II 1865, p. 166 no. 22) Lk 4:20 (ὑπ. as a title of cult officials: Thieme 33. Also Musaeus, Fgm. 11 Diels [Paus. 10, 5, 6]: Pyrcon as Poseidon’s ὑπηρέτης ἐς τὰ μαντεύματα; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 33 ὑπ. τῶν τελετῶν; PLond 2710 recto, 11 [HTR 29, ’36, p. 40; 50]). Of a king’s retinue J 18:36; GJs 21:2; 23:1f. The apostles as assistants of Christ Ac 26:16; 1 Cor 4:1 (Epict. 3, 22, 82 the Cynic as ὑπ. τοῦ Διός; Galen, Protr. 5 p. 12, 5 J.: Socr., Hom. et al. as ὑπ. τοῦ θεοῦ; Pythagorean saying: WienerStud 8, 1886, p. 278 no. 105 τὸν εὐεργετοῦντά σε εἰς ψυχὴν ὡς ὑπηρέτην θεοῦ μετὰ θεὸν τίμα=one who has benefited you spiritually, esteem as God’s helper after God; Sextus 319; Just., D. 57, 3). Believers gener. as θεοῦ ὑπηρέται (w. οἰκονόμοι [as 1 Cor 4:1] and πάρεδροι) IPol 6:1 (cp. PGM 59, 3; 5 and Jos., Bell. 2, 321, Ant. 3, 16).—Also w. objective gen. of that to which services are rendered (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 41 §169 τῆς πατρίδος ὑπ.; Wsd 6:4) ὑπηρέται τοῦ λόγου ministers of the word Lk 1:2 (cp. the role of a scribe Sir 39:1–4; PMather, BR 30, ’85, 28f). ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ὑπηρέται servants of God’s assembly/church ITr 2:3.—On the obscure οἱ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὑπηρέται B 16:4 s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.—On the functions of the ὑπ. in Greco-Rom. Egypt, HKupiszewski and JModrzejewski, JJP XI and XII, ’57/58, 141–66; JCollins, Diakonia ’90, esp. 81–84, 173–75.—B. 1334. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.