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1 Grândola
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2 Santos, José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso
(1929-1987)Balladeer, singer, poet, musician, composer, and teacher. Known to the public simply as "Zeca" or "José Afonso," he was a student poet, singer, and musician in the 1950s, and premier interpreter of Coimbra fado, creator of a new school of fado music, and leader of a reform movement in popular music. Using his distinctive musical compositions, appealing baritone singing voice, and iconoclastic lyrics of resistance to tyranny, Afonso Santos employed his poetic and musical gifts as instruments of resistance and opposition to the enduring Estado Novo. Two recorded songs became early shots in this war: Balada de Outono (Autumn's Ballad) and Menino d'Oiro (Golden Boy). With diverse, subversive meanings usually disguised in allegory, his lyrics and style eschewed the traditional Coimbra fado's fare of broad sentiment and unrequited love. Instead, Afonso presented new ballads with contemporary resonance. In the mid-1960s, when so many Portuguese youth were drafted and mobilized for Portugal's colonial wars in Africa, he lived and taught school in Mozambique, where he organized opposition to the regime. Later in that colony, he was arrested by the PIDE.After his return to Portugal, Afonso's reputation as a rebel ballad-eer grew; among his most celebrated recorded ballads were Cantigas de Maio (Songs of May, 1971) and Venham Mais Cinco (Five More Came, 1973). His famous revolutionary, rallying song, Grândola, Vila Morena, banned by the Estado Novo before 1974, became the single most famous piece of Portuguese revolutionary music in the second half of the 20th century. Grândola featured Afonso's voice and lyrics and expressed a clearly leftist ideology and resistance to tyranny, to the background sounds of marching feet growing louder. Selected by the coup planners of the Armed Forces Movement as a signal for action, a secret password sign to be played over Lisbon radio at about midnight on 24/25 April 1974, this remarkable song acquired new fame and a place in history as both an actual signal for rebel military operations to begin and an enduring revolutionary rallying cry. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Grândola became the most potent symbol of the move to topple the Estado Novo and open the way for profound change, as well as a musical icon, equaled only by the iconographic red carnation. The first stanza of Afonso's lyrics, translated from the Portuguese, is: Grândola, dark-brown town, Homeland of Brotherhood The people have more power within you, oh city....Historical dictionary of Portugal > Santos, José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso
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3 Revolution of 25 april 1974
Refers to the events that began in the early morning hours of 25 April 1974, when the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) began military operations against the Estado Novo in the Lisbon area. Signals for action included the playing of two songs on a popular radio station's (Rádio Renascença) midnight program broadcast. The songs were Depois do Adeus and Grândola, Vila Morena. The latter song, sung on the record made by composer-singer José Afonso, had been banned by government censorship and was usually played only clandestinely. The military coup proceeded during the period from midnight to about 4:30 p.m. on the afternoon of 25 April, a rainy day, and met relatively little resistance from the Estado Novo's few remaining staunch defenders.Most of the drama was played out in the streets of Lisbon as MFA tanks, armored cars, and troops took positions and demanded the surrender of neutral or loyal forces. After Prime Minister Marcello Caetano had taken refuge in the Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) Carmo barracks, traditionally a place of sanctuary for government incumbents in previous military coup attempts, Caetano surrendered to the insurgent military forces. He was later flown to exile in Madeira, with President Américo Tómas, and then to Brazil. This date marks the end of the Estado Novo and the beginning of democratic Portugal. The 25th of April is an official national holiday.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Revolution of 25 april 1974
См. также в других словарях:
Grândola — Bandera … Wikipedia Español
Grandola — Grândola Grândola … Wikipédia en Français
Grândola — Géolocalisation sur la carte : Portugal … Wikipédia en Français
Grandola — steht für: Grândola, eine Stadt in Portugal Grandola ed Uniti, eine Gemeinde in Italien Diese Seite ist eine Begriffsklärung zur Unterscheidung mehrerer mit demselben Wort bezeichneter Begriffe … Deutsch Wikipedia
Grandola — Grandola, Flecken im Bezirk Setubal der portugiesischen Provinz Estremadura; Handel mit Wachs, Honig, Ziegenfellen; 2500 Ew … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Grândola — Vorlage:Infobox Município/Wartung/Verwaltungname ist leer Vorlage:Infobox Município/Wartung/Verwaltungadresse ist leer Vorlage:Infobox Município/Wartung/Kreisrat ist leer Vorlage:Infobox Município/Wartung/Webseite ist leer Vorlage:Infobox… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Grândola — Infobox Municipality pt official name = Grândola image coat of arms = GDL.png Region = Alentejo Subregion = Alentejo Litoral District = Setubal Mayor name = Carlos Vicente Beato Mayor party = PS area total = 807.0 population total = 14,454 (2004) … Wikipedia
Grandola — Sp Grándola Ap Grândola L Portugalija … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
Grândola — Sp Grándola Ap Grândola L Portugalija … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
Grandola — Original name in latin Grndola Name in other language Grandola, Grndola State code PT Continent/City Europe/Lisbon longitude 38.17718 latitude 8.56675 altitude 102 Population 10737 Date 2012 01 17 … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Grandola — Admin ASC 2 Code Orig. name Grândola Country and Admin Code PT.19.1505 PT … World countries Adminstrative division ASC I-II
