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1 אניאק
ENIAC (Electronic Numeral Integrator and Computer), one of the first and largest electronic computers -
2 Burks, Arthur Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 13 October 1915 Duluth, Minnesota, USA[br]American engineer involved in the development of the ENIAC and Whirlwind computers.[br]After obtaining his AB degree from De Pere University, Wisconsin (1937), and his AM and PhD from the University of Michigan (1938 and 1941, respectively), Burks carried out research at the Moore School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, during the Second World War, and at the same time taught philosophy in another department. There, with Herman Goldstine, he was involved in the construction of ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer).In 1946 he took a post as Assistant Professor of Engineering at Michigan University, and subsequently became Associate Professor (1948) and Full Professor (1954). Between 1946 and 1948 he was also associated with the computer activities of John von Neumann at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, and was involved in the development of the Whirlwind I computer (the first stored-program computer) by Jay Forrester at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1948 until 1954 he was a consultant for the Burroughs Corporation and also contributed to the Oak Ridge computer ORACLE. He was Chairman of the Michigan University Department of Communications Science in 1967–71 and at various times was Visiting Professor at Harvard University and the universities of Illinois and Stanford. In 1975 he became Editor of the Journal of Computer and System Sciences.[br]Bibliography1946. "Super electronic computing machine", Electronics Industry 62.1947. "Electronic computing circuits of the ENIAC", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 35:756.1980, "From ENIAC to the stored program computer. Two revolutions in computing", in N.Metropolis, J.Hewlett \& G.-C.Rota (eds), A History of Computing in the 20th Century, London: Academic Press.Further ReadingJ.W.Corlada, 1987, Historical Dictionary of Data Processing (provides further details of Burk's career).KF -
3 Goldstine, Herman H.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 13 September 1913 USA[br]American mathematician largely responsible for the development of ENIAC, an early electronic computer.[br]Goldstine studied mathematics at the University of Chicago, Illinois, gaining his PhD in 1936. After teaching mathematics there, he moved to a similar position at the University of Michigan in 1939, becoming an assistant professor. After the USA entered the Second World War, in 1942 he joined the army as a lieutenant in the Ballistic Missile Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. He was then assigned to the Moore School of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was involved with Arthur Burks in building the valve-based Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) to compute ballistic tables. The machine was completed in 1946, but prior to this Goldstine had met John von Neumann of the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) at Princeton, New Jersey, and active collaboration between them had already begun. After the war he joined von Neumann as Assistant Director of the Computer Project at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, becoming its Director in 1954. There he developed the idea of computer-flow diagrams and, with von Neumann, built the first computer to use a magnetic drum for data storage. In 1958 he joined IBM as Director of the Mathematical Sciences Department, becoming Director of Development at the IBM Data Processing Headquarters in 1965. Two years later he became a Research Consultant, and in 1969 he became an IBM Research Fellow.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGoldstine's many awards include three honorary degrees for his contributions to the development of computers.Bibliography1946, with A.Goldstine, "The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)", Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation 2:97 (describes the work on ENIAC).1946, with A.W.Burks and J.von Neumann, "Preliminary discussions of the logical design of an electronic computing instrument", Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies.1972, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press.1977, "A brief history of the computer", Proceedings of the American Physical Society 121:339.Further ReadingM.Campbell-Kelly \& M.R.Williams (eds), 1985, The Moore School Lectures (1946), Charles Babbage Institute Report Series for the History of Computing, Vol 9. M.R.Williams, 1985, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.KF -
4 Electronic Numeric Integrator And Calculator
Abbreviation: ENIACУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Electronic Numeric Integrator And Calculator
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5 Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer
File extension: ENIAC (First fully electronic digital computer)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer
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6 Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
American: ENIACУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
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7 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
Telecommunications: ENIACУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
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8 אקרט
n. Eckert, family name; John Presper Eckert (1919-1995), U.S. electrical engineer and co-builder of the first electronic computer (known as ENIAC) -
9 röhrenbestückter Rechenautomat
Rechenautomat m: röhrenbestückter Rechenautomat m DAT ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (1946 an der Universität von Pennsylvania USA; 18.000 Röhren)Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > röhrenbestückter Rechenautomat
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10 Wilkes, Maurice Vincent
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 26 June 1913 Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England[br]English physicist who was jointly responsible for the construction of the EDS AC computer.[br]Educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Stourbridge, where he began to make radio sets and read Wireless World, Wilkes went to St John's College, Cambridge, in 1931, graduating as a Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos in 1934. He then carried out research at the Cavendish Laboratory, becoming a demonstrator in 1937. During the Second World War he worked on radar, differential analysers and operational research at the Bawdsey Research Station and other air-defence establishments. In 1945 he returned to Cambridge as a lecturer and as Acting Director of the Mathematical (later Computer) Laboratory, serving as Director from 1946 to 1970.During the late 1940s, following visits to the USA for computer courses and to see the ENIAC computer, with the collaboration of colleagues he constructed the Cambridge University digital computer EDSAC (for Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), using ultrasonic delay lines for data storage. In the mid-1950s a second machine, EDSAC2, was constructed using a magnetic-core memory. In 1965 he became Professor of Computer Technology. After retirement he worked for the Digital Electronic Corporation (DEC) from 1981 to 1986, serving also as Adjunct Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1981 to 1985. In 1990 he became a research strategy consultant to the Olivetti Research Directorate.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1956. First President, British Computer Society 1957–60. Honorary DSc Munich 1978, Bath 1987. Honorary DTech Linkoping 1975. FEng 1976. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1981.Bibliography1948, "The design of a practical high-speed computing machine", Proceedings of the Royal Society A195:274 (describes EDSAC).1949, Oscillation of the Earth's Atmosphere.1951, Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer, New York: Addison-Wesley.1956, Automatic Digital Computers, London: Methuen. 1966, A Short Introduction to Numerical Analysis.1968, Time-Sharing Computer Systems: McDonald \& Jane's.1979, The Cambridge CAP Computer and its Operating System: H.Holland.1985, Memoirs of a Computer Pioneer, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (autobiography).Further ReadingB.Randell (ed.), 1973, The Origins of Digital Computers, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.KFBiographical history of technology > Wilkes, Maurice Vincent
См. также в других словарях:
Eniac — auf einem Bild der US Armee Der Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) war der erste rein elektronische digitale Universalrechner. Im Auftrag der US Armee wurde er ab 1942 von J. Presper Eckert und John W. Mauchly an der University… … Deutsch Wikipedia
ENIAC — auf einem Bild der US Armee, im Vordergrund Betty Snyder, im Hintergrund Glen Beck … Deutsch Wikipedia
ENIAC — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda ENIAC ENIAC es un acrónimo de Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (Computador e Integrador Numérico Electrónico), utilizada por el Laboratorio de Investigación Balística del Ejército de los Estados Unidos … Wikipedia Español
ENIAC — [Abk. für Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, dt. »elektronischer numerischer Integrierer und Rechner«], offiziell am 14. Februar 1946 in Betrieb genommener, erster vollelektronische Computer der Welt. Andere zu dieser Zeit gebau … Universal-Lexikon
ENIAC — es un acrónimo inglés de Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (Computador e Integrador Numérico Electrónico), utilizada por el Balistic Research Laboratory de la Armada de los Estados Unidos. Máquina gigantesca que ha sido la primera… … Enciclopedia Universal
ENIAC — (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) var den første amerikanske computer. Den blev designet af John William Mauchly og John Presper Eckert … Danske encyklopædi
ENIAC — sigla ES ingl. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, integratore ed elaboratore numerico elettronico … Dizionario italiano
ENIAC — [ e:ni̯ak] der; s, s Kurzw. aus engl. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator bzw. Computer »elektronischer numerischer Integrator u. (Be)rechner«> erster elektronischer Rechenautomat … Das große Fremdwörterbuch
ENIAC — acronym from electronic numeral integrator and computer, device built 1946 at University of Pennsylvania by John W. Mauchly Jr., J. Presper Eckert Jr., and J.G. Brainerd. It cost $400,000, used 18,000 radio tubes, and was housed in a 30 foot by… … Etymology dictionary
ENIAC — (Electronic Numeral Integrator and Computer) n. one of the first and largest electronic computers … English contemporary dictionary
eniac — /enˈi ak/ noun An early American electronic computer ORIGIN: electronic numerical integrator and calculator … Useful english dictionary
