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1 Devereux
(Surnames) Devereux /ˈdɛvəru:/ -
2 the day of doom
рел., разг.день Страшного суда, конец света, светопреставление‘I feel as if he might try to separate us, even now.’ ‘He might try till the Day of Judgement without succeeding.’ (R. Hichens, ‘Bella Donna’, ch. XXVI) — - У меня предчувствие, что Изаксон может попытаться разлучить нас даже сейчас. - Пусть пытается хоть до второго пришествия, все равно это ему не удастся.
They had gone off with a vigour... that could hardly have been surpassed and which had sent Ronny Devereux leaping out of bed with a confused idea that the day of judgement had come. (A. Christie, ‘Seven Dials Mystery’, ch. III) — Будильники подняли такой неслыханный трезвон... что Ронни Девере выскочил из постели и спросонок подумал, что началось светопреставление.
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3 Bain, Alexander
[br]b. October 1810 Watten, Scotlandd. 2 January 1877 Kirkintilloch, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor and entrepreneur who laid the foundations of electrical horology and designed an electromagnetic means of transmitting images (facsimile).[br]Alexander Bain was born into a crofting family in a remote part of Scotland. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Wick and during that time he was strongly influenced by a lecture on "Heat, sound and electricity" that he heard in nearby Thurso. This lecture induced him to take up a position in Clerkenwell in London, working as a journeyman clockmaker, where he was able to further his knowledge of electricity by attending lectures at the Adelaide Gallery and the Polytechnic Institution. His thoughts naturally turned to the application of electricity to clockmaking, and despite a bitter dispute with Charles Wheatstone over priority he was granted the first British patent for an electric clock. This patent, taken out on 11 January 1841, described a mechanism for an electric clock, in which an oscillating component of the clock operated a mechanical switch that initiated an electromagnetic pulse to maintain the regular, periodic motion. This principle was used in his master clock, produced in 1845. On 12 December of the same year, he patented a means of using electricity to control the operation of steam railway engines via a steam-valve. His earliest patent was particularly far-sighted and anticipated most of the developments in electrical horology that occurred during the nineteenth century. He proposed the use of electricity not only to drive clocks but also to distribute time over a distance by correcting the hands of mechanical clocks, synchronizing pendulums and using slave dials (here he was anticipated by Steinheil). However, he was less successful in putting these ideas into practice, and his electric clocks proved to be unreliable. Early electric clocks had two weaknesses: the battery; and the switching mechanism that fed the current to the electromagnets. Bain's earth battery, patented in 1843, overcame the first defect by providing a reasonably constant current to drive his clocks, but unlike Hipp he failed to produce a reliable switch.The application of Bain's numerous patents for electric telegraphy was more successful, and he derived most of his income from these. They included a patent of 12 December 1843 for a form of fax machine, a chemical telegraph that could be used for the transmission of text and of images (facsimile). At the receiver, signals were passed through a moving band of paper impregnated with a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide. For text, Morse code signals were used, and because the system could respond to signals faster than those generated by hand, perforated paper tape was used to transmit the messages; in a trial between Paris and Lille, 282 words were transmitted in less than one minute. In 1865 the Abbé Caselli, a French engineer, introduced a commercial fax service between Paris and Lyons, based on Bain's device. Bain also used the idea of perforated tape to operate musical wind instruments automatically. Bain squandered a great deal of money on litigation, initially with Wheatstone and then with Morse in the USA. Although his inventions were acknowledged, Bain appears to have received no honours, but when towards the end of his life he fell upon hard times, influential persons in 1873 secured for him a Civil List Pension of £80 per annum and the Royal Society gave him £150.[br]Bibliography1841, British patent no. 8,783; 1843, British patent no. 9,745; 1845, British patent no.10,838; 1847, British patent no. 11,584; 1852, British patent no. 14,146 (all for electric clocks).1852, A Short History of the Electric Clocks with Explanation of Their Principles andMechanism and Instruction for Their Management and Regulation, London; reprinted 1973, introd. W.Hackmann, London: Turner \& Devereux (as the title implies, this pamphlet was probably intended for the purchasers of his clocks).Further ReadingThe best account of Bain's life and work is in papers by C.A.Aked in Antiquarian Horology: "Electricity, magnetism and clocks" (1971) 7: 398–415; "Alexander Bain, the father of electrical horology" (1974) 9:51–63; "An early electric turret clock" (1975) 7:428–42. These papers were reprinted together (1976) in A Conspectus of Electrical Timekeeping, Monograph No. 12, Antiquarian Horological Society: Tilehurst.J.Finlaison, 1834, An Account of Some Remarkable Applications of the Electric Fluid to the Useful Arts by Alexander Bain, London (a contemporary account between Wheatstone and Bain over the invention of the electric clock).J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph, Religious Tract Society.J.Malster \& M.J.Bowden, 1976, "Facsimile. A Review", Radio \&Electronic Engineer 46:55.D.J.Weaver, 1982, Electrical Clocks and Watches, Newnes.T.Hunkin, 1993, "Just give me the fax", New Scientist (13 February):33–7 (provides details of Bain's and later fax devices).See also: Bakewell, Frederick C.DV / KF -
4 McAdam, John Loudon
[br]b. 21 September 1756 Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 26 November 1836 Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland[br]Scottish road builder, inventor of the macadam road surface.[br]McAdam was the son of one of the founder of the first bank in Ayr. As an infant, he nearly died in a fire which destroyed the family's house of Laywyne, in Carsphairn parish; the family then moved to Blairquhan, near Straiton. Thence he went to the parish school in Maybole, where he is said to have made a model section of a local road. In 1770, when his father died, he was sent to America where he was brought up by an uncle who was a merchant in New York. He stayed in America until the close of the revolution, becoming an agent for the sale of prizes and managing to amass a considerable fortune. He returned to Scotland where he settled at Sauchrie in Ayrshire. There he was a magistrate, Deputy-Lieutenant of the county and a road trustee, spending thirteen years there. In 1798 he moved to Falmouth in Devon, England, on his appointment as agent for revictualling of the Royal Navy in western ports.He continued the series of experiments started in Ayrshire on the construction of roads. From these he concluded that a road should be built on a raised foundation with drains formed on either side, and should be composed of a number of layers of hard stone broken into angular fragments of roughly cubical shape; the bottom layer would be larger rocks, with layers of progressively smaller rocks above, all bound together with fine gravel. This would become compacted and almost impermeable to water by the action of the traffic passing over it. In 1815 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Bristol's roads and put his theories to the test.In 1823 a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider the use of "macadamized" roads in larger towns; McAdam gave evidence to this committee, and it voted to give him £10,000 for his past work. In 1827 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Roads and moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire. From there he made yearly visits to Scotland and it was while returning from one of these that he died, at Moffat in the Scottish Borders. He had married twice, both times to American women; his first wife was the mother of all seven of his children.McAdam's method of road construction was much cheaper than that of Thomas Telford, and did much to ease travel and communications; it was therefore adopted by the majority of Turnpike Trusts in Britain, and the macadamization process quickly spread to other countries.[br]Bibliography1819. A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads.1820. Present State of Road-Making.Further ReadingR.Devereux, 1936, John Loudon McAdam: A Chapter from the History of Highways, London: Oxford University Press.IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
Devereux — Ethnicity Norman French Current region Normandy Information Connected families Devereaux Name origin and meaning d Évreux … Wikipedia
Devereux — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Georges Devereux (1908–1985), US amerikanischer Ethno Psychoanalytiker James Devereux (1903–1988), US amerikanischer Brigadegeneral Robert Devereux, 2. Earl of Essex (1566–1601), britischer Politiker und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
DEVEREUX (G.) — Georges DEVEREUX 1908 1985 Né à Lugós, petite ville de Transylvanie alors hongroise, d’un père avocat socialiste, homme tranquille et doux, et d’une mère germanophile, Georges Devereux était âgé de dix ans lorsque, sa région devenant partie… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Devereux — m English (esp. U.S.): transferred use of a surname, which was originally a Norman baronial name derived (with fused preposition de) from Evreux in the département of Eure. It was the family name of the 16th century earls of Essex; Robert… … First names dictionary
Devereux — [dəvə rø], Georges, ungarischer Arzt, Psychoanalytiker und Ethnologe, * Lugos (heute Nyírlugos, Bezirk Szabolcs Szatmár) 13. 9. 1908, ✝ Paris 30. 5. 1985; Studium in Paris, ethnologische Forschungen bei den Hopi Indianern (USA), seit 1963… … Universal-Lexikon
Devereux — [dev′ə ro͞o΄, dev′əro͞oks΄] Robert see ESSEX1 2d Earl of … English World dictionary
Devereux — /dev euh rooh /, n. Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex, 1566 1601, British statesman, soldier, and courtier of Queen Elizabeth I. * * * (as used in expressions) Essex Robert Devereux 2nd earl of Essex Robert Devereux 3rd earl of Essex Walter Devereux 1st… … Universalium
Devereux — (as used in expressions) Essex, Robert Devereux, 2 conde de Essex, Robert Devereux, 3 conde de Essex, Walter Devereux, 1 conde de … Enciclopedia Universal
Dévereux — Famille Dévereux Dévereux, famille noble de l Angleterre paraît tirer son nom de la ville d Évreux en Normandie. Elle a fourni plusieurs comtes d Essex, et plusieurs vicomtes d Hereford. Source Cet article comprend des extraits du Dictionnaire… … Wikipédia en Français
Devereux — This interesting surname is of Norman origin, introduced into England after the Conquest of 1066, and is a locational name from Evreux in Eure, Normandy. The place is so called from having apparently been the capital of the Eburovices , a Gaulish … Surnames reference
Devereux Milburn — on September 5, 1927 edition. Occupation Lawyer, Polo player Born September 19, 1881 … Wikipedia
