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1 Bourges
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2 Bourges
Бурж Город в Центральной Франции, административный центр департамента Шер и исторической области Берри. 79 тыс. жителей (1990). Авиационная промышленность. Собор Сент-Этьенн (ок. 1190 – ок. 1280), готические и ренессансные дома (в т. ч. Жака Кера, между 1443-51). -
3 Patroclus of Bourges
Христианство: Патрокл Буржский (христианский святой) -
4 native
native [ˈneɪtɪv]1. adjectivea. ( = original) [country] natal ; [language] maternelb. [talent, ability] innéc. [plant, animal] indigène2. noun( = person) autochtone mf3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Aux États-Unis, l'expression Native Americans désigne les populations autochtones, par opposition aux Américains d'origine européenne, africaine ou asiatique. On peut aussi parler d'« American Indian » (Indien d'Amérique), mais l'on évite les dénominations « Red Indian » ou « redskin » (Peau-Rouge), considérées comme méprisantes ou insultantes.* * *['neɪtɪv] 1.2.to be a native of — [person, plant] être originaire de
1) ( original) [land] natal; [tongue] maternel/-ellenative German speaker — personne f de langue maternelle allemande
2) Botany, Zoology indigèneto go native — hum adopter les coutumes locales
3) [cunning] inné; [wit] naturel/-elle -
5 EFAB
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6 ETBS
1) Техника: elevated tubesheet and baffle sleeve2) Сокращение: Etablissement Technique de Bourges (France) -
7 PRB
1) Компьютерная техника: Private Radio Bureau2) Геология: Powder River Basin, отношение пика сигнала к сигналу от газового пузыря (у сейсмического пневмоисточника)3) Авиация: poison (обозначение ИАТА)4) Американизм: Physical Review B5) Военный термин: Panel Review Board, parachute refurbishment building, parachute rigger badge, personnel records branch, personnel replacement battalion, personnel research branch, procurement review board, program review board, publications review board6) Техника: plant review board, procedure review board, Powder River Basin (Gasification Technology Conference)7) Автомобильный термин: (power roller bed) приводной роликовый стол8) Сокращение: Pouderies Reunies de Bourges (France), parabola9) Университет: Philosophy Research Base10) Электроника: Pseudo- Random Binary11) Вычислительная техника: буфер приема пакетов12) Геофизика: отношение пика сигнала к сигналу от газового пузыря (у сейсмического пневмоисточника) (peak-to-bubble ratio)13) Экология: Polar Research Board14) Энергетика: project representative board, Представительский совет проекта15) СМИ: Press Release Blaster16) Социальное обеспечение: post-retirement benefit17) Сетевые технологии: packet receiving buffers18) Общественная организация: Painters' Registration Board, Policy Research Bureau, Population Reference Bureau19) Аэропорты: Paso Robles Municipal Airport, San Luis Obispo/ Paso Robles, California USA -
8 pRb
1) Компьютерная техника: Private Radio Bureau2) Геология: Powder River Basin, отношение пика сигнала к сигналу от газового пузыря (у сейсмического пневмоисточника)3) Авиация: poison (обозначение ИАТА)4) Американизм: Physical Review B5) Военный термин: Panel Review Board, parachute refurbishment building, parachute rigger badge, personnel records branch, personnel replacement battalion, personnel research branch, procurement review board, program review board, publications review board6) Техника: plant review board, procedure review board, Powder River Basin (Gasification Technology Conference)7) Автомобильный термин: (power roller bed) приводной роликовый стол8) Сокращение: Pouderies Reunies de Bourges (France), parabola9) Университет: Philosophy Research Base10) Электроника: Pseudo- Random Binary11) Вычислительная техника: буфер приема пакетов12) Геофизика: отношение пика сигнала к сигналу от газового пузыря (у сейсмического пневмоисточника) (peak-to-bubble ratio)13) Экология: Polar Research Board14) Энергетика: project representative board, Представительский совет проекта15) СМИ: Press Release Blaster16) Социальное обеспечение: post-retirement benefit17) Сетевые технологии: packet receiving buffers18) Общественная организация: Painters' Registration Board, Policy Research Bureau, Population Reference Bureau19) Аэропорты: Paso Robles Municipal Airport, San Luis Obispo/ Paso Robles, California USA -
9 Towns and cities
Occasionally the gender of a town is clear because the name includes the definite article, e.g. Le Havre or La Rochelle. In most other cases, there is some hesitation, and it is always safer to avoid the problem by using la ville de:Toulouse is beautiful= la ville de Toulouse est belleIn, to and from somewhereFor in and to with the name of a town, use à in French ; if the French name includes the definite article, à will become au, à la, à l’ or aux:to live in Toulouse= vivre à Toulouseto go to Toulouse= aller à Toulouseto live in Le Havre= vivre au Havreto go to Le Havre= aller au Havreto live in La Rochelle= vivre à La Rochelleto go to La Rochelle= aller à La Rochelleto live in Les Arcs= vivre aux Arcsto go to Les Arcs= aller aux ArcsSimilarly, from is de, becoming du, de la, de l’ or des when it combines with the definite article in town names:to come from Toulouse= venir de Toulouseto come from Le Havre= venir du Havreto come from La Rochelle= venir de La Rochelleto come from Les Arcs= venir des ArcsBelonging to a town or cityEnglish sometimes has specific words for people of a certain city or town, such as Londoners, New Yorkers or Parisians, but mostly we talk of the people of Leeds or the inhabitants of San Francisco. On the other hand, most towns in French-speaking countries have a corresponding adjective and noun, and a list of the best-known of these is given at the end of this note.The noun forms, spelt with a capital letter, mean a person from X:the inhabitants of Bordeaux= les Bordelais mplthe people of Strasbourg= les Strasbourgeois mplThe adjective forms, spelt with a small letter, are often used where in English the town name is used as an adjective:Paris shops= les magasins parisiensHowever, some of these French words are fairly rare, and it is always safe to say les habitants de X, or, for the adjective, simply de X. Here are examples of this, using some of the nouns that commonly combine with the names of towns:a Bordeaux accent= un accent de BordeauxToulouse airport= l’aéroport de Toulousethe La Rochelle area= la région de La RochelleLimoges buses= les autobus de Limogesthe Le Havre City Council= le conseil municipal du HavreLille representatives= les représentants de LilleLes Arcs restaurants= les restaurants des Arcsthe Geneva road= la route de GenèveBrussels streets= les rues de Bruxellesthe Angers team= l’équipe d’Angersthe Avignon train= le train d’Avignonbut noteOrleans traffic= la circulation à OrléansNames of cities and towns in French-speaking countries and their adjectivesRemember that when these adjectives are used as nouns, meaning a person from X or the people of X, they are spelt with capital letters.Aix-en-Provence = aixois(e)Alger = algérois(e)Angers = angevin(e)Arles = arlésien(ne)Auxerre = auxerrois(e)Avignon = avignonnais(e)Bastia = bastiais(e)Bayonne = bayonnais(e)Belfort = belfortain(e)Berne = bernois(e)Besançon = bisontin(e)Béziers = biterrois(e)Biarritz = biarrot(e)Bordeaux = bordelais(e)Boulogne-sur-Mer = boulonnais(e)Bourges = berruyer(-ère)Brest = brestois(e)Bruges = brugeois(e)Bruxelles = bruxellois(e)Calais = calaisien(ne)Cannes = cannais(e)Carcassonne = carcassonnais(e)Chambéry = chambérien(ne)Chamonix = chamoniard(e)Clermont-Ferrand = clermontois(e)Die = diois(e)Dieppe = dieppois(e)Dijon = dijonnais(e)Dunkerque = dunkerquois(e)Fontainebleau = bellifontain(e)Gap = gapençais(e)Genève = genevois(e)Grenoble = grenoblois(e)Havre, Le = havrais(e)Lens = lensois(e)Liège = liégeois(e)Lille = lillois(e)Lourdes = lourdais(e)Luxembourg = luxembourgeois(e)Lyon = lyonnais(e)Mâcon = mâconnais(e)Marseille = marseillais(e) or phocéen(ne)Metz = messin(e)Modane = modanais(e)Montpellier = montpelliérain(e)Montréal = montréalais(e)Moulins = moulinois(e)Mulhouse = mulhousien(ne)Nancy = nancéien(ne)Nantes = nantais(e)Narbonne = narbonnais(e)Nevers = nivernais(e)Nice = niçois(e)Nîmes = nîmois(e)Orléans = orléanais(e)Paris = parisien(ne)Pau = palois(e)Périgueux = périgourdin(e)Perpignan = perpignanais(e)Poitiers = poitevin(e)Pont-à-Mousson = mussipontain(e)Québec = québécois(e)Reims = rémois(e)Rennes = rennais(e)Roanne = roannais(e)Rouen = rouennais(e)Saint-Étienne = stéphanois(e)Saint-Malo = malouin(e)Saint-Tropez = tropézien(ne)Sancerre = sancerrois(e)Sète = sétois(e)Sochaux = sochalien(ne)Strasbourg = strasbourgeois(e)Tarascon = tarasconnais(e)Tarbes = tarbais(e)Toulon = toulonnais(e)Toulouse = toulousain(e)Tours = tourangeau(-elle)Tunis = tunisois(e)Valence = valentinois(e)Valenciennes = valenciennois(e)Versailles = versaillais(e)Vichy = vichyssois(e) -
10 Branly, Edouard Eugène
[br]b. 23 October 1844 Amiens, Franced. 24 March 1940 Paris, France[br]French electrical engineer, who c.1890 invented the coherer for detecting radio waves.[br]Branly received his education at the Lycée de Saint Quentin in the Département de l'Aisne and at the Henri IV College of Paris University, where he became a Fellow of the University, graduating as a Doctor of Physics in 1873. That year he was appointed a professor at the College of Bourges and Director of Physics Instruction at the Sorbonne. Three years later he moved to the Free School in Paris as Professor of Advanced Studies. In addition to these responsibilities, he qualified as an MD in 1882 and practised medicine from 1896 to 1916. Whilst carrying out experiments with Hertzian (radio) waves in 1890, Branly discovered that a tube of iron filings connected to a source of direct voltage only became conductive when the radio waves were present. This early form of rectifier, which he called a coherer and which needed regular tapping to maintain its response, was used to operate a relay when the waves were turned on and off by Morse signals, thus providing the first practical radio communication.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPapal Order of Commander of St George 1899. Légion d'honneur, Chevalier 1900, Commandeur 1925. Osiris Prize (jointly with Marie Curie) 1903. Argenteuil Prize and Associate of the Royal Belgian Academy 1910. Member of the Academy of Science 1911. State Funeral at Notre Dame Cathedral.BibliographyAmongst his publications in Comptes rendus were "Conductivity of mediocre conductors", "Conductivity of gases", "Telegraphic conduction without wires" and "Conductivity of imperfect conductors realised at a distance by wireless by spark discharge of a capacitor".Further ReadingE.Hawkes, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, London: Methuen. E.Larien, 1971, A History of Invention, London: Victor Gollancz.V.J.Phillips: 1980, Early Radio Wave Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF -
11 Martin, Pierre Emile
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 18 August 1824 Bourges, Franced. 23 May 1915 Fourchambault, France[br]French metallurgist, pioneer of open-hearth steelmaking.[br]His father Emile owned an iron-and steelworks at Sireuil, near Angoulême, and, through this, Pierre became interested in improving the steelmaking process. In England, C.W. Siemens had developed the regenerative principle of waste-heat recovery that produced a much higher furnace temperature. In 1863, the Martins applied this process in an open-hearth furnace built under licence from Siemens, with the aid of his engineers. They melted a mixture of pig-and wrought iron to produce steel with the required carbon content. Martin exhibited the product at the Paris Exhibition of 1867 and was awarded a gold medal. The open-hearth process was for a long time known as the Siemens-Martin process, but Martin did not share in the profits which others gained from its successful adoption. He had difficulty in obtaining patent rights as it was claimed that the principles of the process were already known and in use. The costs of litigation brought Martin to the brink of poverty, from which relief came only late in life, when in 1907 the Comité des Forges de France opened a subscription for him that was generously supported. A week before his death, the Iron and Steel Institute of London bestowed on him their Bessemer gold medal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsIron and Steel Institute Bessemer Gold Medal 1915.Further ReadingObituary, 1915, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 91:466.LRD
См. также в других словарях:
Bourges — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Bourges Bandera … Wikipedia Español
Bourges — • Coextensive with the departments of Cher and Indre Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Bourges Bourges † … Catholic encyclopedia
Bourges — Bourges … Deutsch Wikipedia
BOURGES — Chef lieu du département du Cher, ancienne capitale du Berry, la ville de Bourges comptait 78 713 habitants en 1990 et son agglomération 94 731. Bourges doit à une antique croisée de routes, de Lyon vers l’Armorique et de la Bourgogne vers… … Encyclopédie Universelle
BOURGES — BOURGES, capital of the department of Cher, central France. In 570 a Jew, Sigericus, was baptized in Bourges, while at about the same time a Jew practicing medicine there treated a cleric. sulpicius , bishop of Bourges, 624–647, attempted to… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
BOURGES (É.) — BOURGES ÉLÉMIR (1852 1925) On peut avancer qu’Élémir Bourges, ce solitaire, n’eut pas d’existence en dehors de la littérature. Né à Manosque, il monte à Paris en 1874 et collabore comme journaliste à diverses publications, dont La Revue des chefs … Encyclopédie Universelle
Bourges — [burʒ], Stadt im Département Cher, Frankreich, im Berry, 130 m über dem Meeresspiegel auf einem Hügel am Zusammenfluss von Yèvre und Auron, 75 600 Einwohner; Verwaltungssitz; Erzbischofssitz; technologisches Universitätsinstitut, Militärschulen … Universal-Lexikon
bourges — BOURGES, Le pays alentour de Bourges, Bituriges. Bourges est une ville Archiepiscopale en Berry, vulgo Bituricensis Episcopatus, Elle est garnie de petites rivieres, Ausron et Aurette d une part, et de Ievre et Molon de l autre … Thresor de la langue françoyse
Bourges — Avec un accent sur le E, ce serait l équivalent catalan ou occitan de Bourgeois. Mais l accent semble absent dans la plupart des cas rencontrés. Aussi, il s agit sans doute de personnes originaires de la ville de Bourges … Noms de famille
Bourges — (spr. Bursch), 1) Arrondissement im französischen Departement Cher; 441/8 QM. u. 120,100 Ew.; 2) Canton u. 3) Hauptstadt desselben u. des Departements, am Zusammenfluß des Auron u. der Yèvre; hatte sonst starke, mit 80 hohen Thürmen versehene… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Bourges — (spr. būrsch ), Hauptstadt des franz. Depart. Cher, 156 m ü. M., an der Yèvre und am Berrykanal, um eine Anhöhe gruppiert, Knotenpunkt an der Orléansbahn, hat zahlreiche Prachtbauten aus dem Mittelalter, darunter: die gotische Kathedrale St.… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon