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1 bergius işlemi
bergius process -
2 Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf
[br]b. 11 October 1884 Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germanyd. 31 March Buenos Aires, Argentina[br][br]After studying chemistry in Breslau and Leipzig and assisting inter alia at the institute of Fritz Haber in Karlsruhe on the catalysis of ammonia under high pressure, in 1909 he went to Hannover to pursue his idea of turning coal into liquid hydrocarbon under high hydrogen pressure (200 atm) and high temperatures (470° C). As experiments with high pressure in chemical processes were still in their initial stages and the Technical University could not support him sufficiently, he set up a private laboratory to develop the methods and to construct the equipment himself. Four years later, in 1913, his process for producing liquid or organic compounds from coal was patented.The economic aspects of this process were apparent as the demand for fuels and lubricants increased more rapidly than the production of oil, and Bergius's process became even more important after the outbreak of the First World War. The Th. Goldschmidt company of Essen contracted him and tried large-scale production near Mannheim in 1914, but production failed because of the lack of capital and experience to operate with high pressure on an industrial level. Both capital and experience were provided jointly by the BASF company, which produced ammonia at Merseburg, and IG Farben, which took over the Bergius process in 1925, the same year that the synthesis of hydrocarbon had been developed by Fischer-Tropsch. Two years later, at the Leuna works, almost 100,000 tonnes of oil were produced from coal; during the following years, several more hydrogenation plants were to follow, especially in the eastern parts of Germany as well as in the Ruhr area, while the government guaranteed the costs. The Bergius process was extremely important for the supply of fuels to Germany during the Second World War, with the monthly production rate in 1943–4 being more than 700,000 tonnes. However, the plants were mostly destroyed at. the end of the war and were later dismantled.As a consequence of this success Bergius, who had gained an international reputation, went abroad to work as a consultant to several foreign governments. Experiments aiming to reduce the costs of production are still continued in some countries. By 1925, after he had solved all the principles of his process, he had turned to the production of dextrose by hydrolyzing wood with highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize 1931. Honorary doctorates, Heidelberg, Harvard and Hannover.Bibliography1907, "Über absolute Schwefelsäure als Lösungsmittel", unpublished thesis, Weida. 1913, Die Anwendung hoher Drucke bei chemischen Vorgängen und eine Nachbildungdes Entstehungsprozesses der Steinkohle, Halle. 1913, DRP no. 301, 231 (coal-liquefaction process).1925, "Verflüssigung der Kohle", Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, 69:1313–20, 1359–62.1933, "Chemische Reaktionen unter hohem Druck", Les Prix Nobel en 1931, Stockholm, pp. 1–37.Further ReadingDeutsches Bergbau-Museum, 1985, Friedrich Bergius und die Kohleverflüssigung. Stationen einer Entwicklung, Bochum (gives a comprehensive and illustrated description of the man and the technology).H.Beck, 1982, Friedrich Bergius, ein Erfinderschicksal, Munich: Deutsches Museum (a detailed biographical description).W.Birkendfeld, 1964, Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945. Ein Beitragzur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts-und Rüstungspolitik, Göttingen, Berlin and Frankfurt (describes the economic value of synthetic fuels for the Third Reich).WKBiographical history of technology > Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf
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3 Bergius-Hydrierverfahren
n <chem.verf> ■ Bergius hydrogenation process; Bergius processGerman-english technical dictionary > Bergius-Hydrierverfahren
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4 processo Bergius
[TECN PROD, CHIM] -
5 bergiusov proces hidrogenacije
• bergius proces -
6 metoda Bergiusa uwodorniania węgla
• Bergius processSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > metoda Bergiusa uwodorniania węgla
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7 способ Бергиуса
Русско-английский словарь по пищевой промышленности > способ Бергиуса
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8 способ Бергиуса
Food industry: Bergius process -
9 Bosch, Carl
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 27 August 1874 Cologne, Germanyd. 26 April 1940 Heidelberg, Germany[br]German industrial chemist who developed the industrial synthesis of ammonia.[br]Bosch spent a year as a metalworker before studying chemistry at Leipzig University, obtaining his doctorate in 1898. The following year, he entered Badische Soda-, Anilin Fabrik (BASF), the leading German manufacturer of dyestuflfs. Between 1902 and 1907 he spent much time investigating processes for nitrogen fixation. In 1908 Fritz Haber told BASF of his laboratory-scale synthesis of ammonia from its constituent elements, and in the following year Bosch was assigned to developing it to the industrial scale. Leading a large team of chemists and engineers, Bosch designed the massive pressure converter and other features of the process and was the first to use the water gas shift reaction to produce the large quantities of hydrogen that were required. By 1913 Bosch had completed the largest chemical engineering plant at BASF's works at Oppau, and soon it was producing 36,000 tons of ammonium sulphate a year. Bosch enlarged the Oppau plant and went on to construct a larger plant at Leuna.In 1914 Bosch was appointed a Director of BASF. At the end of the First World War he became Technical Adviser to the German delegation at the peace conference. During the 1920s BASF returned to its position of pre-eminence in high-pressure technology, thanks largely to Bosch's leadership. Although increasingly absorbed in administrative matters, Bosch was able to support the synthesis of methane and the hydrogenation of coal tar and lignite to make petrol. In 1925 BASF merged with other companies to form the giant IG Farbenindustrie AG, of which Bosch became Chairman of the Managing Board. His achievements received international recognition in 1931 when he was awarded, with F. Bergius, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for high-pressure synthesis.[br]Bibliography1932, Über die Entwicklung der chemischen Hochdruckindustrie bei der Aufbau der neuen Ammoniakindustrie.Further ReadingK.Holdermann, 1953, Carl Bosch, Leben und Werk.See also biographical memoir in Chemische Berichte 190 (1957), pp. xix–xxxix.LRD -
10 Chemical technology
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11 Mining and extraction technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biographical history of technology > Mining and extraction technology
См. также в других словарях:
Bergius — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Bengt Bergius (1723–1784), Historiker Burkhard Bergius (1937–2010), deutscher Architekt und Stadtplaner C. C. Bergius (1910–1996), deutscher Schriftsteller Carl Julius Bergius (1804–1871),… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Bergius — is a surname which may refer to:*Karl Heinrich Bergius (1790 1818), Prussian botanist, naturalist, cavalryman and pharmacist *Friedrich Bergius (1884 1949), German chemist … Wikipedia
Bergĭus — 1) Joh. Heinr. Ludwig, geb. 1718 zu Laasphe, war gräflich sayn hohen u. wittgensteinischer Hofkammerrath u. st. 1781. Er gab heraus: Cammerbibliothek, Nürnb. 1762; Polizei u. Cameralmagazin, Frankf. a. M. 1767–73, 9 Thle.; Neues Polizei u.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Bergius — Bergius, Joh., geb. 1587 in Stettin, studirte in Heidelberg, Strasburg u. Danzig Theologie, wurde 1616 Professor zu Frankfurt a. O., 1624 Hof u. 1637 Oberhofprediger u. Consistorialrath in Berlin, nahm 1631 an dem Leipziger u. 1642 mit Calixt am… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Bergius — Friedrich Karl Rudolph … Scientists
Bergius — Bergius, Friedrich Karl Rudolf … Enciclopedia Universal
Bergius — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Le nom de Bergius est porté par plusieurs personnalités (par ordre alphabétique) : Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (1884 1949), chimiste allemand,… … Wikipédia en Français
Bergius — Bẹrgius, 1) C. C., eigentlich Egon Maria Zịmmer, Schriftsteller, * Buer (heute zu Gelsenkirchen) 2. 7. 1910, ✝ Vaduz 22. 3. 1996; war Flugkapitän, dann Verleger; erfolgreich mit Unterhaltungsromanen. Werke: Romane: Blut und Blüten für… … Universal-Lexikon
Bergius process — The Bergius Process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure. It was first developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913, in 1931… … Wikipedia
Bergius-Pier-Verfahren — Das Bergius Verfahren ist ein von Friedrich Bergius 1913 erfundenes Verfahren zur Gewinnung flüssiger Produkte aus Kohle. Hierbei wird Braunkohle oder jüngere Steinkohle mit Schweröl angeteigt und bei einem Druck von 300 bar und einer Temperatur… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Bergius-Verfahren — Das Bergius Verfahren ist ein von Friedrich Bergius 1913 erfundenes Verfahren zur Gewinnung flüssiger Produkte aus Kohle. Hierbei wird Braunkohle oder jüngere Steinkohle mit Schweröl angeteigt und bei einem Druck von 300 bar und einer Temperatur… … Deutsch Wikipedia