-
1 Bergbauindustrie
-
2 Bergbauindustrie
Berg·bau·in·dus·trief mining industry -
3 Bergbauindustrie
fmining industry -
4 Bergbau
Bergbau m IND mining, mining industry* * *m < Ind> mining, mining industry* * *Bergbau
mining, working of mines, mine work;
• Bergbau im Tagebaubetrieb strip mine (US);
• Bergbau betreiben to be engaged in working mines, to work minerals;
• Bergbau den Gesetzen der Marktwirtschaft entziehen to isolate (insulate) the mining industry from the interplay of market forces;
• Bergbauberechtigung location, mining claim (US);
• enteigneter Bergbaubetrieb expropriated mine;
• Bergbau bezirk, Bergbaugebiet mineral district, mining area;
• Bergbaugesellschaft mine company;
• Bergbauindustrie mining industry;
• Bergbauindustrieller mine operator;
• Bergbaukonzession mining licence (concession), mineral claim;
• Bergbauproduktion mining output;
• Bergbausachverständiger mining expert;
• Bergbausozialisierung coal mines nationalization (Br.);
• Bergbauvermögen mining property;
• Bergbauwesen mining engineering. -
5 Albert, Wilhelm August Julius
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 24 January 1787 Hannover, Germanyd. 4 July 1846 Clausthal, Harz, Germany[br]German mining official, successful applier of wire cable.[br]After studying law at the University of Göttingen, Albert turned to the mining industry and in 1806 started his career in mining administration in the Harz district, where he became Chief Inspector of mines thirty years later. His influence on the organization of the mining industry was considerable and he contributed valuable ideas for the development of mining technology. For example, he initiated experiments with Reichenbach's water-column pump in Harz when it had been working successfully in the transportation of brine in Bavaria, and he encouraged Dörell to work on his miner's elevator.The increasing depths of shafts in the Harz district brought problems with hoisting as the ropes became too heavy and tended to break. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, iron link chains replaced the hempen ropes which were expensive and wore out too quickly, especially in the wet conditions in the shafts. After he had experimented for six years using counterbalancing iron link chains, which broke too easily, in 1834 he conceived the idea of producing stranded cables from iron wires. Their breaking strength and flexibility depended greatly on the softness of the iron and the way of laying the strands. Albert produced the cable by attaching the wires to strings which he turned evenly; this method became known as "Albert lay". He was not the first to conceive the idea of metal cables: there exists evidence for such cables as far back as Pompeii; Leonardo da Vinci made sketches of cables made from brass wires; and in 1780 the French engineer Reignier applied iron cables for lightning conductors. The idea also developed in various other mining areas, but Albert cables were the first to gain rapidly direct common usage worldwide.[br]Bibliography1835, "Die Anfertigung von Treibseilen aus geflochtenem Eisendraht", Karstens Archiv 8: 418–28.Further ReadingK.Karmarsch, "W.A.J.Albert", Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 1:212–3.W.Bornhardt, 1934, W.A.J.Albert und die Erfindung der Eisendrahtseile, Berlin (a detailed description of his inventions, based on source material).C.Bartels, 1992, Vom frühneuzeitlichen Montangewerbe zur Bergbauindustrie, Bochum: Deut sches Bergbau-Museum (evaluates his achievements within the framework of technological development in the Harz mining industry).WKBiographical history of technology > Albert, Wilhelm August Julius
-
6 Dörell, Georg Ludwig Wilhelm
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 17 December 1793 Clausthal, Harz, Germanyd. 30 October 1854 Zellerfeld, Harz, Germany[br]German mining engineer who introduced the miner's elevator into the Harz Mountains.[br]After studying at the Freiberg Mining Academy he returned to his home region to serve in the mining administration, first at Clausthal. In 1848 he became an inspector of mines in Zellerfeld. He had become aware that in the early nineteenth century, when 500 m (1,640 ft) shafts were no longer unusual, devices other than ladders were needed for access to mines. Dörell found out that miners, in terms of physical strength, had to consume almost one-third more of their energy to climb up the shaft than they had to spend at work during the shift in the mine. Accordingly, in 1833 he constructed the miner's elevator. Two timbered bars, similar to those used for pumps, were installed in the shaft and were driven by water-wheel and moved in opposite directions. They were placed at such a distance from each other that the miners could easily step from one to the other in order to go up or down the shaft as desired.Dörell's elevators worked with great success and their use soon became widespread among Central European mining districts. Their use is particularly associated with Cornish tin-mines, where several such elevators operated over considerable distances.[br]Bibliography1837, "Über die seit dem Jahre 1833 beim Oberharzischen Bergbau angewendeten Fahrmaschinen", Die Bergwerks-Verwaltung des Hannoverschen Ober-Harzes in den Jahren 1831–1836, ed. W.A.J.Albert, Berlin, pp. 199–214.Further ReadingC.Bartels, 1992, Vom frühneuzeitlichen Montangewerbe zur Bergbauindustrie. Erzbergbau im Oberharz 1635–1880, Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, esp. pp. 382–411 (elaborates upon the context of contemporary technological innovations in Harz ore mining).WKBiographical history of technology > Dörell, Georg Ludwig Wilhelm
См. также в других словарях:
Australian Labor Party — Logo der ALP Die Australian Labor Party (auch: ALP) wurde 1891 gegründet und ist die älteste auf Bundesebene tätige politische Partei Australiens. Die Partei ähnelt der Labour Party in Großbritannien. Sie gehört der Sozialistischen Internationale … Deutsch Wikipedia
Bergbau in Ghana — Der Bergbau in Ghana spielt seit Jahrhunderten eine wesentliche Rolle in der Wirtschaftsstruktur des Landes. Ghana ist reich an Bodenschätzen. Bereits das vorkoloniale Ghana kannte eine lange Tradition des Goldbergbaus und Gold war auch der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hrvatska — Republika Hrvatska Republik Kroatien … Deutsch Wikipedia
Kroatien — Republika Hrvatska Republik Kroatien … Deutsch Wikipedia
Oberharzer Bergbau — Das Fördergerüst des Kaiser Wilhelm Schachtes in Clausthal gehört zu den ältesten erhaltenen Fördertürmen in Deutschland … Deutsch Wikipedia
Republik Kroatien — Republika Hrvatska Republik Kroatien … Deutsch Wikipedia
Republika Hrvatska — Republik Kroatien … Deutsch Wikipedia
Socijalisticka Republika Hrvatska — Republika Hrvatska Republik Kroatien … Deutsch Wikipedia
Wirtschaft Kroatiens — Kroatien Weltwirtschaftsrang 64. (nominal) (2009) Währung Kuna (HRK) Umrechnun … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mining in the Upper Harz — The headframe of the Emperor William Shaft in Clausthal is one of the oldest surviving winding towers in Germany … Wikipedia
Alliance Airlines — Alliance Airlines … Deutsch Wikipedia
