-
1 Baccha
Baccha ae, f, Βάκχη, a Bacchante. -
2 Baccha
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
3 Baca
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
4 Bacca
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
5 Bacche
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
6 bacchantes
I.Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus:B.Baccha bacchans,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe,
i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255:cum aliquo,
Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.—Pass. (as in later Gr. bakcheuesthai, bakcheuthênai) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated:II.virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta,
Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.:bacchata jugis Naxos,
id. A. 3, 125:Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis,
Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28:ululatibus Ide bacchatur,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.—Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose):B. 1.quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere?
Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:furor in vestrā caede bacchantis,
id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.—Of murderous fury:tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt,
Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.—So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258;and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu,
Juv. 6, 636; cf.:furebant Euhoe bacchantes,
raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.—Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822:saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur,
Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne):immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,
raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78;7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe,
id. Cir. 166.—Hence,So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often:2.ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.—Of winds:3.Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.—Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.—Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.—4.Of enthusiastic, raging discourse:quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur,
Cic. Brut. 80, 276:vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc.,
Quint. 12, 10, 73. -
7 Baccheus
-
8 Bacchis
Bacchis, ĭdis, f., = Bakchis.I.= 1. Baccha, q. v.—II.The name of a woman in the Hec. and Heaut. of Terence; and, in plur., Bacchides, the name of a comedy of Plautus (derived from the twin sisters, Bacchides, the chief personages of the piece):Bacchides non Bacchides, set Bacchae sunt acerrumae,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 4. -
9 bacchor
I.Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus:B.Baccha bacchans,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe,
i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255:cum aliquo,
Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.—Pass. (as in later Gr. bakcheuesthai, bakcheuthênai) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated:II.virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta,
Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.:bacchata jugis Naxos,
id. A. 3, 125:Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis,
Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28:ululatibus Ide bacchatur,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.—Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose):B. 1.quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere?
Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:furor in vestrā caede bacchantis,
id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39:non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.—Of murderous fury:tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt,
Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.—So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258;and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu,
Juv. 6, 636; cf.:furebant Euhoe bacchantes,
raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.—Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822:saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur,
Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne):immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,
raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78;7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe,
id. Cir. 166.—Hence,So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often:2.ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.—Of winds:3.Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.—Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.—Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.—4.Of enthusiastic, raging discourse:quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur,
Cic. Brut. 80, 276:vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc.,
Quint. 12, 10, 73. -
10 C
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
11 c
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
12 concieo
con-cĭĕo, cīvi, cĭtum, 2 (from the access. form concĭo, īre:I.concit,
Lucr. 6, 410:concibant,
Tac. H. 5, 19:conciret,
id. A. 11, 19:concirent,
id. ib. 3, 38 fin.:concire,
id. ib. 3, 40;12, 15: conciri,
Liv. 25, 27, 9:concīta,
Lucr. 2, 267; Val. Fl. 2, 460; Luc. 5, 597; cf. cieo and the other compounds), [p. 399] v. a., to urge, bring, or assemble together, by exciting or rousing, to collect:cum perturbatione commovere,
Non. p. 90, 7 (freq. in the ante-class. and post-Aug. per., esp. in Lucr. and Tac.; in Quint. and in Hor. perh. only once in part. perf.; v. under II. A.; not in Cic.).Prop.: populum, Pac. ap. Non. p. 90, 12 (Trag. Rel. v. 141 Rib.); cf.:b.homines miraculo rei novae,
Liv. 1, 59, 3:exercitum ex totā insulā,
id. 25, 27, 9:multitudinem ad se,
id. 1, 8, 5:ad arma,
Vell. 2, 74:donis auxilia concibant,
Tac. H. 5, 19:remotos populos,
id. A. 3, 38:propiores Gallos,
id. ib. 3, 40:nunc concienda plebs,
Liv. 4, 55, 3 al. —Of inanim. and abstr. objects, to move violently, to shake, stir up:II.cur (Juppiter) tenebras et fremitus et murmura concit?
Lucr. 6, 410:quendam aestum,
id. 6, 826:concitus imbribus amnis,
Ov. M. 3, 79; cf.:(verba) quae mare turbatum, quae concita flumina sistant,
id. ib. 7, 154:navis concita,
id. ib. 4, 706:murali concita Tormento saxa,
Verg. A. 12, 921:mors concita ob cruciatus,
hastened, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 23 (Sillig, conscita):fulmina et tonitrus,
Sil. 12, 611.—Trop.A.To rouse, excite, stir up, provoke:B.hostem,
Tac. A. 11, 19; cf.:Mela accusatorem concivit Fabium,
id. ib. 16, 17.—Esp. in part. perf.:immani concitus irā,
Verg. A. 9, 694; cf. Ov. M. 7, 413:Aonio concita Baccha deo,
id. A. A. 1, 312; cf.: pulso Thyias concita tympano, * Hor. C. 3, 15, 10:divino concita motu,
inspired, Ov. M. 6, 158; cf. id. ib. 3, 711:mater (corresp. with male sana),
id. ib. 4, 519: (mater) fraude aliquorum concita (sc. in filium), * Quint. 11, 1, 65; cf.:concita dea,
enraged, Sil. 2, 543:conciti per largitionem veterani,
Tac. A. 1, 10.—To excite, produce, cause action, passion, disquiet, evil, etc. (the flg. taken from the agitated sea; cf. strages, Att. ap. Non. p. 90, 9; Trag. Rel. v. 399 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 36, and id. Trin. 2, 3, 8):uxori turbas,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 14; Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 17:tantum mali,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 4; Afran. ap. Non. p. 90, 10:hanc iram,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 33:seditionem,
Tac. A. 14, 17:varios motus animorum,
id. H. 1, 4 et saep.
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