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1 Alston
[ɔ:lstən]proper namekraj. ime -
2 mouse, Alston's brown
1. LAT Scotinomys teguina Alston2. RUS центральноамериканский хомячок m3. ENG Alston's brown mouse4. DEU —5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > mouse, Alston's brown
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3 opossum, Alston's
1. LAT Marmosa alstoni J. Allen2. RUS опоссум m Алстона3. ENG Alston's opossum4. DEU Alston-Zwergbeutelratte f5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > opossum, Alston's
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4 Holden, Sir Isaac
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 7 May 1807 Hurlet, between Paisley and Glasgow, Scotlandd. 13 August 1897[br]British developer of the wool-combing machine.[br]Isaac Holden's father, who had the same name, had been a farmer and lead miner at Alston in Cumbria before moving to work in a coal-mine near Glasgow. After a short period at Kilbarchan grammar school, the younger Isaac was engaged first as a drawboy to two weavers and then, after the family had moved to Johnstone, Scotland, worked in a cotton-spinning mill while attending night school to improve his education. He was able to learn Latin and bookkeeping, but when he was about 15 he was apprenticed to an uncle as a shawl-weaver. This proved to be too much for his strength so he returned to scholastic studies and became Assistant to an able teacher, John Kennedy, who lectured on physics, chemistry and history, which he also taught to his colleague. The elder Isaac died in 1826 and the younger had to provide for his mother and younger brother, but in 1828, at the age of 21, he moved to a teaching post in Leeds. He filled similar positions in Huddersfield and Reading, where in October 1829 he invented and demonstrated the lucifer match but did not seek to exploit it. In 1830 he returned because of ill health to his mother in Scotland, where he began to teach again. However, he was recommended as a bookkeeper to William Townend, member of the firm of Townend Brothers, Cullingworth, near Bingley, Yorkshire. Holden moved there in November 1830 and was soon involved in running the mill, eventually becoming a partner.In 1833 Holden urged Messrs Townend to introduce seven wool-combing machines of Collier's designs, but they were found to be very imperfect and brought only trouble and loss. In 1836 Holden began experimenting on the machines until they showed reasonable success. He decided to concentrate entirely on developing the combing machine and in 1846 moved to Bradford to form an alliance with Samuel Lister. A joint patent in 1847 covered improvements to the Collier combing machine. The "square motion" imitated the action of the hand-comber more closely and was patented in 1856. Five more patents followed in 1857 and others from 1858 to 1862. Holden recommended that the machines should be introduced into France, where they would be more valuable for the merino trade. This venture was begun in 1848 in the joint partnership of Lister \& Holden, with equal shares of profits. Holden established a mill at Saint-Denis, first with Donisthorpe machines and then with his own "square motion" type. Other mills were founded at Rheims and at Croix, near Roubaix. In 1858 Lister decided to retire from the French concerns and sold his share to Holden. Soon after this, Holden decided to remodel all their machinery for washing and carding the gill machines as well as perfecting the square comb. Four years of excessive application followed, during which time £20,000 was spent in experiments in a small mill at Bradford. The result fully justified the expenditure and the Alston Works was built in Bradford.Holden was a Liberal and from 1865 to 1868 he represented Knaresborough in Parliament. Later he became the Member of Parliament for the Northern Division of the Riding, Yorkshire, and then for the town of Keighley after the constituencies had been altered. He was liberal in his support of religious, charitable and political objectives. His house at Oakworth, near Keighley, must have been one of the earliest to have been lit by electricity.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsBaronet 1893.Bibliography1847, with Samuel Lister, British patent no. 11,896 (improved Collier combing machine). 1856. British patent no. 1,058 ("square motion" combing machine).1857. British patent no. 278 1857, British patent no. 279 1857, British patent no. 280 1857, British patent no. 281 1857, British patent no. 3,177 1858, British patent no. 597 1859, British patent no. 52 1860, British patent no. 810 1862, British patent no. 1,890 1862, British patent no. 3,394Further ReadingJ.Hogg (ed.), c.1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of Holden's life).Obituary, 1897, Engineer 84.Obituary, 1897, Engineering 64.E.M.Sigsworth, 1973, "Sir Isaac Holden, Bt: the first comber in Europe", in N.B.Harte and K.G.Ponting (eds), Textile History and Economic History, Essays in Honour ofMiss Julia de Lacy Mann, Manchester.W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (provides a good explanation of the square motion combing machine).RLH -
5 Pattinson, Hugh Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 25 December 1796 Alston, Cumberland, Englandd. 11 November 1858 Scot's House, Gateshead, England[br]English inventor of a silver-extraction process.[br]Born into a Quaker family, he was educated at private schools; his studies included electricity and chemistry, with a bias towards metallurgy. Around 1821 Pattinson became Clerk and Assistant to Anthony Clapham, a soap-boiler of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1825 he secured appointment as Assay Master to the lords of the manor of Alston. There he was able to pursue the subject of special interest to him, and in January 1829 he devised a method of separating silver from lead ore; however, he was prevented from developing it because of a lack of funds.Two years later he was appointed Manager of Wentworth Beaumont's lead-works. There he was able to continue his researches, which culminated in the patent of 1833 enshrining the invention by which he is best known: a new process for extracting silver from lead by skimming crystals of pure lead with a perforated ladle from the surface of the molten silver-bearing lead, contained in a succession of cast-iron pots. The molten metal was stirred as it cooled until one pot provided a metal containing 300 oz. of silver to the ton (8,370 g to the tonne). Until that time, it was unprofitable to extract silver from lead ores containing less than 8 oz. per ton (223 g per tonne), but the Pattinson process reduced that to 2–3 oz. (56–84 g per tonne), and it therefore won wide acceptance. Pattinson resigned his post and went into partnership to establish a chemical works near Gateshead. He was able to devise two further processes of importance, one an improved method of obtaining white lead and the other a new process for manufacturing magnesia alba, or basic carbonate of magnesium. Both processes were patented in 1841.Pattinson retired in 1858 and devoted himself to the study of astronomy, aided by a 7½ in. (19 cm) equatorial telescope that he had erected at his home at Scot's House.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsVice-President, British Association Chemical Section 1838. Fellow of the Geological Society, Royal Astronomical Society and Royal Society 1852.BibliographyPattinson wrote eight scientific papers, mainly on mining, listed in Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers, most of which appeared in the PhilosophicalMagazine.Further ReadingJ.Percy, Metallurgy (volume on lead): 121–44 (fully describes Pattinson's desilvering process).Lonsdale, 1873, Worthies of Cumberland, pp. 273–320 (contains details of his life). T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History ofTechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.LRD -
6 36
1. LAT Marmosa alstoni J. Allen2. RUS опоссум m Алстона3. ENG Alston's opossum4. DEU Alston-Zwergbeutelratte f5. FRA — -
7 4319
1. LAT Scotinomys teguina Alston2. RUS центральноамериканский хомячок m3. ENG Alston's brown mouse4. DEU —5. FRA — -
8 foot the bill
разг.1) оплатить счёт; взять расходы на себя, расплачиваться [первонач. амер.]‘Oh, I wouldn't let you pay me, Professor Alston!’ ‘I'll try to get the department to foot the bill.’ (U. Sinclair, ‘World's End’, ch. 25) — - Что вы, профессор, я и мысли не допускаю, чтобы вы мне платили. - Я постараюсь убедить департамент взять расходы на себя.
...he had wanted to become a missionary, but his older cousin was footing the bills for his education and expected him to go to work for the Wynne Coal Company. (J. O'Hara, ‘The Lockwood Concern’, book I) —...Серон Б. Уинн намеревался стать миссионером, но его старший кузен, за чей счет он получил образование, хотел, чтобы он поступил на работу в угольную компанию, принадлежащую семье Уиннов.
2) отвечать за последствия, расплачиваться (тж. pay the bill)It would be possible to feel sorry for Mr. Selvyn Lloyd if one were not more sorry for those who will have to foot the bill for his... ineptitude. (‘Tribune’) — Можно было бы пожалеть мистера Селвина Ллойда, если бы мы не жалели больше тех, кому приходится расплачиваться за его... бездарность.
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9 hot dog
1. амер.; n phrOn their evening off they went economically to an imitation Coney Island... and with grave pleasure they ate Hot Dogs, painstakingly they rode the scenic railway. (S. Lewis, ‘Arrowsmith’, ch. 7) — В свободные вечера, соблюдая экономию, они отправлялись в парк, суррогат Кони Айленда... и, словно свершая обряд, ели булочки с горячими сосисками и добросовестно катались на бутафорской железной дороге.
2) жарг. классный спортсмен2. амер.; int phr; разг....Alston Mackintosh... was a real hot dog. (‘The Atlantic’, DNE) —...Алстон Макинтош... был классным баскетболистом.
вот здорово!, это я понимаю!, чудесно! (восклицание, выражающее одобрение, удовольствие и т. п.)The Major could see every unit in the Army using his idea at last... Hot dog! (N. Mailer, ‘The Naked and the Dead’, part IV) — Майору казалось, что наконец-то его идею подхватят и начнут использовать повсеместно в армии США. Вот будет здорово!
‘Well, dear, did you have a good time?’ ‘Hot dog!’ (DAS) — - Ну, дорогая, как вы провели время? - Чудесно!
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10 the Hoosier State
амер.; шутл."деревенский штат" ( прозвище штата Индиана)Life does strange things to human beings. Charles T. Alston had been raised in a small farming community of Indiana, and here he was, a specialist in geography, ethnography, and allied branches of learning, helping to decide the destinies of men in lands, whose very names were unknown to the people of Hoosier State. (U. Sinclair, ‘World's End’, ch. 26) — Порою жизнь выкидывает странные штуки. Чарлз Т. Олстон вырос в маленьком фермерском поселке в штате Индиана, и вот теперь он, специалист по вопросам географии, этнографии и смежных областей, помогал решать судьбы народов далеких стран, самые названия которых были неизвестны жителям его родного "деревенского" штата.
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11 melomys, rufescent
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > melomys, rufescent
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12 mouse, broad-toothed (field)
2. RUS горная [малоазиатская] (лесная) мышь f3. ENG broad-toothed (field) mouse4. DEU Felsenratte f, (kleinasiatische) Felsenmaus f, Schnurrbartmaus f5. FRA mulot m rupestreDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > mouse, broad-toothed (field)
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13 mouse, broad-toothed (field)
2. RUS горная [малоазиатская] (лесная) мышь f3. ENG broad-toothed (field) mouse4. DEU Felsenratte f, (kleinasiatische) Felsenmaus f, Schnurrbartmaus f5. FRA mulot m rupestreDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > mouse, broad-toothed (field)
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14 pacaranas
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15 pacas, false
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16 rat, Coues' rice
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > rat, Coues' rice
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17 rats, Branick's
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > rats, Branick's
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18 shrew, Verapaz
1. LAT Sorex veraepacis Alston2. RUS верапазская бурозубка f3. ENG Verapaz shrew4. DEU —5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > shrew, Verapaz
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19 vole, Günther's
2. RUS полёвка f Гюнтера, средиземноморская полёвка f3. ENG Günther's vole4. DEU Mittelmeer-Feldmaus f, Balkan-Wühlmaus f5. FRA campagnol m méditerranéen [de la Méditerranée, de Günther]DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > vole, Günther's
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20 foot the bill
1) oплaтить cчёт; бpaть pacxoды нa ceбя, pacплaчивaтьcя [пepвoнaч. aмep.]'Oh, I wouldn't let you pay me. Professor Alston!' 'I'll try to get the department to foot the bill' (V. Sinclair). 'Half a minute,' he said, and in his anxiety to foot the bill promptly... he brought out all four banknotes (У. B. Priestley)2) oтвeчaть зa пocлeдcтвия, pacплaчивaтьcяNever mix your emotions with your duties. It always ends up with your having to foot the bill (S. Heym)
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См. также в других словарях:
Alston — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Adrian Alston (* 1949), australischer Fußballspieler Ashanti Alston, US amerikanischer Gründer der Black Panther Carole Alston (* 1957) US amerikanische Jazzsängerin Charles Alston (Botaniker) (1683–1760) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alston — Alston, Cumbria Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Arlston. Alston es una pequeña ciudad de 1128 habitantes[1] en Cumbria, Inglaterra, sobre el Río Tyne en su confluen … Wikipedia Español
Alston — may refer to:In people: * Alston (name)In places: *Canada **Alstonvale, Quebec*England **Alston, Cumbria **Alston, Devon **Alston, Lancashire*United States **Alston, Georgiaee also*Allston *Alstone … Wikipedia
Alston — Alston, GA U.S. town in Georgia Population (2000): 159 Housing Units (2000): 72 Land area (2000): 2.862646 sq. miles (7.414218 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.862646 sq. miles (7.414218 sq. km) … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Alston, GA — U.S. town in Georgia Population (2000): 159 Housing Units (2000): 72 Land area (2000): 2.862646 sq. miles (7.414218 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.862646 sq. miles (7.414218 sq. km) FIPS code … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Alston — (Alstonemoore, spr. Alst n, Aastonmohr), Flecken in der englischen Grafschaft Cumberland, Eisengießerei; 6900 Ew … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Alston — (spr. aolst n), Stadt im O. der engl. Grafschaft Cumberland, am South Tyne, in kahler Gegend, mit ergiebigen Bleigruben und (1891) 3384 Einw … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Alston — (spr. ahlstn), Stadt in der engl. Grafsch. Cumberland, am Tyne, (1901) 3133 E.; Bergwerke … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Alston — Cet article possède un paronyme, voir : Alstom. Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Alston est un nom de famille notamment porté par : Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston (1902 1958) … Wikipédia en Français
Alston — This very interesting surname is of Anglo Saxon origin, and has a number of distinct derivations. Firstly, it may represent the surname developed from the Middle English personal name Alstan , which is itself the result of a coalescence of… … Surnames reference
Alston-Cobb House — U.S. National Register of Historic Places Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage … Wikipedia
