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1 Alcantara
Inferior Spanish wool, mostly used locally. -
2 Crato, Dom António, prior of
(1531-1595)Briefly, the 18th king of Portugal and a frustrated, exiled claimant to the Portuguese throne. Antonio, known to history as the Prior of Crato, was for part of the summer of 1580 the king of Portugal, before the Castilian forces of King Phillip II defeated Antonio's weak forces and impelled him into exile. The illegitimate son of the infante, Luís, second son of King Manuel I of Portugal and a woman commoner who may have been a New Christian, Antonio's legitimacy as a royal heir was always in doubt. After his father's death in 1555, Antônio abandoned his religious vocation and pursued the life of administrator, warrior, and anti-Muslim crusader in Morocco. Joining two Portuguese expeditions to Morocco (1574 and 1578), Antônio became a prisoner of war after the disastrous battle of Alcácer- Quivir (1578).Freed by payment of a ransom, Antônio returned to Portugal to pursue his claim to the throne, following both the death of King Sebastian and that of Cardinal Henrique. Although Antônio was acclaimed king of Portugal in the cities of Santarém, Lisbon, and Coimbra, and ruled a portion of Portugal in summer 1580, his followers were defeated by Phillip II's army in the battle of Alcântara, 25 August 1580. Hidden by his followers for months, Antônio escaped to exile first in England and then in France. An expedition led by England's Francis Drake in 1589, with the mission to drive out the Spaniards and to restore the Prior of Crato to Portugal's throne, failed. Once more, Antônio fled to exile in France, where he died in Paris in 1595.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Crato, Dom António, prior of
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3 Fado
Traditional urban song and music sung by a man or woman, to the accompaniment of two stringed instruments. The Portuguese word, fado, derives from the Latin word for fate ( fatum), and the fado's usage does not distinguish the sex of the singer. Traditionally, wherever the fado is performed, the singer, the fadista—who is often but not always a woman wearing a shawl around her shoulders—is accompanied by the Portuguese guitarra, a 12-stringed mandolin-like instrument or lute, and the viola, a Spanish guitar. There are at least two contemporary variations of the fado: the Lisbon fado and the Coimbra or university student fado. While some authorities describe the song as typical of the urban working classes, its popularity and roots are wider than only this group and it appears that, although the song's historic origins are urban and working class, its current popularity is more universal. The historic origins of the fado are not only obscure but hotly debated among scholars and would-be experts. Some suggest that its origins are Brazilian and African, while others detect a Muslim, North African element mixed with Hispanic.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, there was talk that the fado's days were numbered as a popular song because it seemed an obsolete, regime-encouraged entertainment, which, like a drug or soporific, encouraged passivity. In the new Portugal, however, the fado is still popular among various classes, as well as among an increasingly large number of visitors and tourists. The fado is performed in restaurants, cafes, and special fado houses, not only in Portugal and other Lusophone countries like Brazil, but wherever Portuguese communities gather abroad. Although there do not appear to be schools of fado, fadistas learn their trade by apprenticeship to senior performers, both men and women.In fado history, Portugal's most celebrated fadista was Amália Rodrigues, who died in 1999. She made her premier American debut in New York's Carnegie Hall in the 1950s, at about the same time Americans were charmed by a popular song of the day, April in Portugal, an American version of a traditional Portuguese fado called Fado de Coimbra, about Coimbra University's romantic traditions. The most celebrated fadista of the first decade of the 21st century is Marisa dos Reis Nunes, with the stage name of Mariza, who embodies a new generation of singers' contemporary interpretation of fado. The predominant tone of the Lisbon variation of the fado, sung often in the areas of Alfama, Mouraria, Bairro Alto, and Alcântara, is that of nostalgia and saudade — sadness and regret. Traditionally, the Coimbra version has a lighter, less somber tone. -
4 Negreiros, José Sobral de Almada
(1893-1970)Portuguese artist and writer. Born on the island of São Tomé, West Africa, a Portuguese colonial possession until 1975, Almada Ne-greiros began his artistic career as a humorist and cartoonist during the First Republic (1910-26). Linked with other writers, such as the celebrated Fernando Pessoa in the Orpheu review group, he became a leader of the avant garde artists-intellectuals who became cultural rebels through their art (especially painting and sculpture) and their writings. From the beginning, he became a leader in Portugal's modernist and futurist movements, and his sense of Portuguese identity and artistic taste was shaped in part by two important journeys to Madrid and Paris before 1930.Almada Negreiros was a versatile artist who expressed himself through a variety of creative works: drawings and paintings, novels, lectures, and pamphlets. In Portuguese art history, nevertheless, he became immortalized through his paintings of frescos and murals, such as the pictures found in A Brasileira, a legendary cafe in Lisbon's Chiado area; his paintings at the Exposition of the Portuguese World (1940); his murals at maritime stations at Alcântara (Lisbon) and Rocha do Conde De Óbidos, as well as in other public buildings; and a prominent panel in the atrium of the Gulbenkian Foundation headquarters, Lisbon, completed in 1969, the year before his death. In addition to other forms, he experimented with geometric abstractionism.Politically at odds with the Estado Novo toward the end of his life, Almada Negreiros remained ambivalent when his work was showered with official honors.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Negreiros, José Sobral de Almada
См. также в других словарях:
Alcántara — Alcantara ist ein aus dem Arabischen hergeleitetes Toponym des romanischen Sprachkreises, das wörtlich „die Brücke“ (arab. القنطرة al qantarat) bedeutet. Alcantara ist Name oder Namensbestandteil folgender Orte und Landschaftsmerkmale: in… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alcântara — Alcantara ist ein aus dem Arabischen hergeleitetes Toponym des romanischen Sprachkreises, das wörtlich „die Brücke“ (arab. القنطرة al qantarat) bedeutet. Alcantara ist Name oder Namensbestandteil folgender Orte und Landschaftsmerkmale: in… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alcantara — ist ein aus dem Arabischen hergeleitetes Toponym des romanischen Sprachkreises, das wörtlich „die Brücke“ (arab. القنطرة al qantarat) bedeutet. Alcantara ist Name oder Namensbestandteil folgender Orte und Landschaftsmerkmale: in Brasilien… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alcântara — Alcantara Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sommaire 1 Toponyme 1.1 Brésil … Wikipédia en Français
Alcantara — may refer to:*Alcântara, Maranhão, a Brazilian city in the state of Maranhão *Alcántara, a municipality (pop. 1769) in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. *Alcantara, Cebu, a municipality in the Philippines *Alcantara, Romblon, a… … Wikipedia
Alcântara (MA) — Alcântara (Maranhão) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Alcântara. 2° 08′ 00″ S 44° 37′ 00″ W … Wikipédia en Français
Alcántara — is a municipality (pop. 1769) in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain, on the Tagus, near Portugal. It is famed for its Roman bridge of six symmetrical arches, 194 m/670 feet long and 71 m/210 feet high, built in honour of Trajan in 103… … Wikipedia
Alcântara — puede referirse a: Alcântara (Lisboa), freguesia de Lisboa (Portugal). Dom Pedro de Alcântara, municipio de Brasil. Hugo Alcântara, futbolista brasileño. Esta página de desambiguación cat … Wikipedia Español
Alcântara — may refer to:*Alcântara, Lisbon, a civil parish of Lisbon, Portugal. *Alcântara, Maranhão, a city in the state of Maranhão, Brazil … Wikipedia
Alcantāra [2] — Alcantāra, Ritterorden von, von den Brüdern Don Suero u. Don Gomez Barrientos 1156 zur Vertheidigung des Grenzcastells St. Julian[278] del Pereiro gegen die Mauren als Waffenbrüderschaft (Orderde St. Juliano), gegründet, 1177 vom Papst Alexander… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
alcantara — ALCANTARA. s. m. Ordre militaire d Espagne, institué en 1170. On nommoit anciennement les Chevaliers d Alcantara, Chevaliers du Poirier … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
