-
1 Cooley C.
Чарльз Хортон Кули, американский социолог, представитель символического интеракционизма, автор теории "зеркального Я", который стремился преодолеть противопоставление индивида и общества, исходя из постулата о том, что общество формирует индивидов, а индивиды, в свою очередь, конструируют общество. Соч.: "Человеческая природа и социальный порядок", "Социальная организация", "Социальный процесс". -
2 Hobhouse L.T.
(1864-1929) - Леонард Трелоуни Хобхаус, английский социолог, внесший значительный вклад в развитие сравнительной социологии. Соч.: "Элементы социальной справедливости", "Мораль в процессе эволюции", "Принципы социологии", "Рациональное добро". -
3 Cooley, Charles
перс.соц. Кули, Чарльз (1864-1929; американский социолог, один из родоначальников символического интеракционизма, исследовал процессы формирования личности, взаимоотношения личности и группы, ввел разделение на первичные и вторичные социальные группы; автор теории "зеркального Я")See: -
4 Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawny
перс.соц. Хобхауз, Леонард Трелони (1864-1929; британский социолог, известен теоретическими исследованиями в области сравнительной социологии и социологии развития на раннем этапе британской социологии)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawny
-
5 Cooley
Cooley, C. (1864-1929)Чарльз Хортон Кули, американский социолог, представитель символического интеракционизма, автор теории "зеркального Я", который стремился преодолеть противопоставление индивида и общества, исходя из постулата о том, что общество формирует индивидов, а индивиды, в свою очередь, конструируют общество. Соч.: "Человеческая природа и социальный порядок", "Социальная организация", "Социальный процесс". -
6 Hobhouse
Hobhouse, L.T. (1864-1929)- Леонард Трелоуни Хобхаус, английский социолог, внесший значительный вклад в развитие сравнительной социологии. Соч.: "Элементы социальной справедливости", "Мораль в процессе эволюции", "Принципы социологии", "Рациональное добро". -
7 Waldorf-Astoria
"Уолдорф-Астория"Фешенебельный отель в г. Нью-Йорке на Парк-авеню [ Park Avenue], занимающий квартал между 49-й и 50-й улицами. Первоначально был построен на 34-й улице по заказу семьи Асторов [ Astor, John Jacob]. Правнук основателя первой династии американских миллионеров Джон Джекоб IV (1864-1912) построил гостиницу "Астория", к которой его двоюродный брат Уильям Уолдорф [Astor, William Waldorf] пристроил секцию "Уолдорф" (по названию немецкого городка Вальдорф, откуда происходило семейство). Отель "Уолдорф-Астория", открытый в 1897, сразу стал знаменитым. Это здание просуществовало до 1929 и было снесено, когда на этом участке началось строительство небоскреба [ skyscraper] Эмпайр-стейт-билдинг [ Empire State Building]. Современное здание построили на новом месте в 1931 в виде двух 47-этажных башен высотой 190,6 м, увенчанных уникальной крышей из меди в стиле ар деко. В этом же стиле выполнены и интерьеры. Новый отель остается среди самых престижных и дорогих отелей г. Нью-Йорка. Здесь постоянно содержатся президентские апартаменты. Ныне принадлежит компании "Хилтон хотелс" [Hilton Hotels Corp., Hilton]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Waldorf-Astoria
-
8 Bodmer, Johann Georg
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines, Textiles, Weapons and armour[br]b. 9 December 1786 Zurich, Switzerlandd. 30 May 1864 Zurich, Switzerland[br]Swiss mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]John George Bodmer (as he was known in England) showed signs of great inventive ability even as a child. Soon after completing his apprenticeship to a local millwright, he set up his own work-shop at Zussnacht. One of his first inventions, in 1805, was a shell which exploded on impact. Soon after this he went into partnership with Baron d'Eichthal to establish a cotton mill at St Blaise in the Black Forest. Bodmer designed the water-wheels and all the machinery. A few years later they established a factory for firearms and Bodmer designed special machine tools and developed a system of interchangeable manufacture comparable with American developments at that time. More inventions followed, including a detachable bayonet for breech-loading rifles and a rifled, breech-loading cannon for 12 lb (5.4 kg) shells.Bodmer was appointed by the Grand Duke of Baden to the posts of Director General of the Government Iron Works and Inspector of Artillery. He left St Blaise in 1816 and entered completely into the service of the Grand Duke, but before taking up his duties he visited Britain for the first time and made an intensive five-month tour of textile mills, iron works, workshops and similar establishments.In 1821 he returned to Switzerland and was engaged in setting up cotton mills and other engineering works. In 1824 he went back to England, where he obtained a patent for his improvements in cotton machinery and set up a mill near Bolton incorporating his ideas. His health failing, he was obliged to return to Switzerland in 1828, but he was soon busy with engineering works there and in France. In 1833 he went to England again, first to Bolton and four years later to Manchester in partnership with H.H.Birley. In the next ten years he patented many more inventions in the fields of textile machinery, steam engines and machine tools. These included a balanced steam engine, a mechanical stoker, steam engine valve gear, gear-cutting machines and a circular planer or vertical lathe, anticipating machines of this type later developed in America by E.P. Bullard. The metric system was used in his workshops and in gearing calculations he introduced the concept of diametral pitch, which then became known as "Manchester Pitch". The balanced engine was built in stationary form and in two locomotives, but although their running was remarkably smooth the additional complication prevented their wider use.After the death of H.H.Birley in 1846, Bodmer removed to London until 1848, when he went to Austria. About 1860 he returned to his native town of Zurich. He remained actively engaged in all kinds of inventions up to the end of his life. He obtained fourteen British patents, each of which describes many inventions; two of these patents were extended beyond the normal duration of fourteen years. Two others were obtained on his behalf, one by his brother James in 1813 for his cannon and one relating to railways by Charles Fox in 1847. Many of his inventions had little direct influence but anticipated much later developments. His ideas were sound and some of his engines and machine tools were in use for over sixty years. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1835.[br]Bibliography1845, "The advantages of working stationary and marine engines with high-pressure steam, expansively and at great velocities; and of the compensating, or double crank system", Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 4:372–99.1846, "On the combustion of fuel in furnaces and steam-boilers, with a description of Bodmer's fire-grate", Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 5:362–8.Further ReadingObituary, 1868–9, Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 28:573–608.H.W.Dickinson, 1929–30, "Diary of John George Bodmer, 1816–17", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 10:102–14.D.Brownlie, 1925–6, John George Bodmer, his life and work, particularly in relation to the evolution of mechanical stoking', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6:86–110.W.O.Henderson (ed.), 1968, Industrial Britain Under the Regency: The Diaries of Escher, Bodmer, May and de Gallois 1814–1818, London: Frank Cass (a more complete account of his visit to Britain).RTS -
9 Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de
[br]b. 9 April 1864 Liverpool, Englandd. 13 January 1930 Zurich, Switzerland[br]English manufacturing engineer and inventor, a pioneer and early advocate of high-voltage alternating-current electric-power systems.[br]Ferranti, who had taken an interest in electrical and mechanical devices from an early age, was educated at St Augustine's College in Ramsgate and for a short time attended evening classes at University College, London. Rather than pursue an academic career, Ferranti, who had intense practical interests, found employment in 1881 with the Siemens Company (see Werner von Siemens) in their experimental department. There he had the opportunity to superintend the installation of electric-lighting plants in various parts of the country. Becoming acquainted with Alfred Thomson, an engineer, Ferranti entered into a short-lived partnership with him to manufacture the Ferranti alternator. This generator, with a unique zig-zag armature, had an efficiency exceeding that of all its rivals. Finding that Sir William Thomson had invented a similar machine, Ferranti formed a company with him to combine the inventions and produce the Ferranti- Thomson machine. For this the Hammond Electric Light and Power Company obtained the sole selling rights.In 1885 the Grosvenor Gallery Electricity Supply Corporation was having serious problems with its Gaulard and Gibbs series distribution system. Ferranti, when consulted, reviewed the design and recommended transformers connected across constant-potential mains. In the following year, at the age of 22, he was appointed Engineer to the company and introduced the pattern of electricity supply that was eventually adopted universally. Ambitious plans by Ferranti for London envisaged the location of a generating station of unprecedented size at Deptford, about eight miles (13 km) from the city, a departure from the previous practice of placing stations within the area to be supplied. For this venture the London Electricity Supply Corporation was formed. Ferranti's bold decision to bring the supply from Deptford at the hitherto unheard-of pressure of 10,000 volts required him to design suitable cables, transformers and generators. Ferranti planned generators with 10,000 hp (7,460 kW)engines, but these were abandoned at an advanced stage of construction. Financial difficulties were caused in part when a Board of Trade enquiry in 1889 reduced the area that the company was able to supply. In spite of this adverse situation the enterprise continued on a reduced scale. Leaving the London Electricity Supply Corporation in 1892, Ferranti again started his own business, manufacturing electrical plant. He conceived the use of wax-impregnated paper-insulated cables for high voltages, which formed a landmark in the history of cable development. This method of flexible-cable manufacture was used almost exclusively until synthetic materials became available. In 1892 Ferranti obtained a patent which set out the advantages to be gained by adopting sector-shaped conductors in multi-core cables. This was to be fundamental to the future design and development of such cables.A total of 176 patents were taken out by S.Z. de Ferranti. His varied and numerous inventions included a successful mercury-motor energy meter and improvements to textile-yarn produc-tion. A transmission-line phenomenon where the open-circuit voltage at the receiving end of a long line is greater than the sending voltage was named the Ferranti Effect after him.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1927. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1910 and 1911. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924.Bibliography18 July 1882, British patent no. 3,419 (Ferranti's first alternator).13 December 1892, British patent no. 22,923 (shaped conductors of multi-core cables). 1929, "Electricity in the service of man", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 67: 125–30.Further ReadingG.Z.de Ferranti and R. Ince, 1934, The Life and Letters of Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, London.A.Ridding, 1964, S.Z.de Ferranti. Pioneer of Electric Power, London: Science Museum and HMSO (a concise biography).R.H.Parsons, 1939, Early Days of the Power Station Industry, Cambridge, pp. 21–41.GWBiographical history of technology > Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de
См. также в других словарях:
Dickie Baugh (1864–1929) — Dickie Baugh Spielerinformationen Voller Name Richard Baugh Geburtstag 14. Februar 1864 Geburtsort Wolverhampton, England Sterbedatum 14. August … Deutsch Wikipedia
1864 год в истории метрополитена — 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 См. также: Другие события в 1864 году История железнодорожного транспорта в 1864 году История общественного транспорта в 1864 году В этой статье перечисляются основные события из истории метрополитенов … Википедия
1864 год в истории железнодорожного транспорта — 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 Портал:Железнодорожный транспорт См. также: Другие события в 1864 году История метрополитена в 1864 году … Википедия
1864 год в театре — 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 Портал:Театр См. также: Другие события в 1864 году События в музыке и События в кино Персоналии Родились 8 ок … Википедия
1929 год в музыке — 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 См. также: Др … Википедия
1929 год в истории железнодорожного транспорта — 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Портал:Железнодорожный транспорт См. также: Другие события в 1929 году История метрополитена в 1929 году … Википедия
1929 год в театре — 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Портал:Театр См. также: Другие события в 1929 году События в музыке и События в кино Содержание … Википедия
1864 — Portal Geschichte | Portal Biografien | Aktuelle Ereignisse | Jahreskalender ◄ | 18. Jahrhundert | 19. Jahrhundert | 20. Jahrhundert | ► ◄ | 1830er | 1840er | 1850er | 1860er | 1870er | 1880er | 1890er | ► ◄◄ | ◄ | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 18 … Deutsch Wikipedia
1929 — Portal Geschichte | Portal Biografien | Aktuelle Ereignisse | Jahreskalender ◄ | 19. Jahrhundert | 20. Jahrhundert | 21. Jahrhundert ◄ | 1890er | 1900er | 1910er | 1920er | 1930er | 1940er | 1950er | ► ◄◄ | ◄ | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 |… … Deutsch Wikipedia
1929 — Años: 1926 1927 1928 – 1929 – 1930 1931 1932 Décadas: Años 1890 Años 1900 Años 1910 – Años 1920 – Años 1930 Años 1940 Años 1950 Siglos: Siglo XIX – … Wikipedia Español
1864 — Años: 1861 1862 1863 – 1864 – 1865 1866 1867 Décadas: Años 1830 Años 1840 Años 1850 – Años 1860 – Años 1870 Años 1880 Años 1890 Siglos: Siglo XVIII – … Wikipedia Español
