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1 ali
или, лиvprašaj ga, ali pride jutri - спроси его, придёт ли он завтраne vem, ali so v mestu, ali ne - я не знаю, в городе ли они или нетali... ali - или... или..., либо... либо -
2 bakterija
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3 boln̨a
bolnь; boln̨a Grammatical information: f. i; f. jāPage in Trubačev: II 178Russian:bolón' (dial.) `peritoneum, membrane, upper layers of a tree, cambium, bull's belly' [f i];bólon' (dial.) `timber' [f i]Old Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:blaňa (dial.) `film, skin (on milk etc.)' [f jā]Old Czech:blaňe `pasture' [f jā]Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:blȯ́u̯n `cloud' [m o], blȯ́u̯nă `cloud' [Gens]Lower Sorbian:bɫoń `meadow, clearing' [m i]Polabian:blån `meadow' [f i];blånă `meadow' [f ā]Slovene:blánja `board, stump, log' [f jā]Lithuanian:bálnis `peeled tree-trunk' [m i]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰolH-n-i-Page in Pokorny: 118Comments: See bòlna. I have included Slnc. blȯ́u̯n in spite of the fact that it is morphologically and semantically deviant. -
4 bādàti
bādàti Grammatical information: v.Page in Trubačev: I 121-122Old Russian:Ukrainian:badáty `investigate, test' [verb]Czech:bádati `investigate' [verb]Slovak:bádat' `investigate' [verb]Polish:badać `investigate, check' [verb]Slovincian:bȧ̃dăc `push' [verb]Lower Sorbian:badaś `investigate' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:bádati `prick, go slowly' [verb], bȃdam [1sg]Lithuanian:badýti `stab' [verb], bãdo [3ps]Indo-European reconstruction: An iterative with long root vocalism (-> bostì).Page in Pokorny: 113Other cognates: -
5 blě̑skъ
blě̑skъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `brightness'Page in Trubačev: II 113-114Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:blěskъ `brightness, colour, lightning' [m o]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:blȧ̃sk `lightning, brightness' [m o];blìe̯sk `lightning, brightness' [m o]Upper Sorbian:blěsk `lightning, brightness' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:blȉjesak `glow, glimmer' [m o]Slovene:blẹ̑sk `brightness, splendour, lightning' [m o]Bulgarian:bljásăk `brightness' [m o]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰloiǵ-sko-Page in Pokorny: 156Comments: The preglottalized velar may or may not have been lost before Winter's law. I prefer a Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction without ʔ for reasons mentioned s.v. *blьskъ. -
6 blьknǫti
blьknǫti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `fade'Page in Trubačev: II 112-113Russian:blëknut' `fade, wither' [verb] \{1\}Belorussian:bljáknuć `fade, wither' [verb]Ukrainian:bléknuty `fade, wither' [verb]Polish:blaknąć `fade' [verb] \{2\}Kashubian:vǝblėknǫc `fade' [verb];zblėknǫc `fade' [verb]Lithuanian:nubliẽkti `fade' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰlik-Page in Pokorny: 157Comments: Trubačëv actually reconstructs *blěknǫti. I prefer the traditional reconstruction, which is also found in Sɫawski SP I.Notes:\{1\} Cf. also blëklyj `faded, pale, wan'. \{2\} Rather than regarding the a as old, I would follow Sɫawski in assuming that the root vowel was influenced by bladny `pale'. -
7 blьskъ
blьskъ Grammatical information: m. oPage in Trubačev: II 113-114Church Slavic:Old Czech:Lower Sorbian:Bulgarian:blắsăk `blow, stab' [m o]Lithuanian:blìzgas `shine, glimmer' [m o] 2Indo-European reconstruction: bʰliǵ-sko-Page in Pokorny: 156Comments: The preglottalized velar may or may not have been lost before Winter's law. In the latter case, the Slavic and Baltic forms with short *i would have to be of analogical origin. For this reason I prefer a Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction without ʔ. -
8 bo
bo Grammatical information: conj.Page in Trubačev: II 141-142Old Church Slavic:bo `for' [conj]Russian:bo (dial.) `if, for, because' [conj]Czech:bo (arch.) `for' [conj]Polish:bo `for, because' [conj]Serbo-Croatian:bo (dial.) `for' [conj]Lithuanian:bà `for' [conj];bè `for' [conj]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰoPage in Pokorny: 113Other cognates:Go. ba `that not, if not' -
9 bodàti
bodàti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `stab, sting'Page in Trubačev: II 122-122Russian:bodát' `butt' [verb], bodáju [1sg]Czech:Slovak:Slovene:bọ̑dati `sting, stitch' [verb], bọ̑dam [1sg]Bulgarian:bodá `stab, feel a sharp pain' [verb]Lithuanian:badýti `butt, prick' [verb], bãdo [3ps]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰodʰ-IE meaning: stabPage in Pokorny: 113Comments: The ESSJa mentions forms reflecting * bodati under * badati because the o-vocalism is assumed to be analogical. Since in general *bodàti is also semantically closer to bostì (the meaning `investigate' is limited to bādàti) and in some languages occurs alongside *bādàti, it is perhaps more accurate to say that it is a recent formation.Other cognates: -
10 bodъlь
bodъlь Grammatical information: m. jo Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `thorn'Page in Trubačev: II 154-155Church Slavic:Serbo-Croatian:bȏdalj (Montenegro) `a kind of thorny grass' [m jo], bȏdlja [Gens];Čak. buȏdalj (Orbanići) `unidentified plant (thistle?), prickle, thorn' [m jo], buȏdlja [Gens]Slovene:bȏdǝlj `needle, thorn' [m jo], bȏdlja [Gens]Bulgarian:bodél (obs.) `thorn' [m o]Page in Pokorny: 113 -
11 bostì
bostì Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `stab, sting'Page in Trubačev: II 222-223Old Church Slavic:Russian:bostí (Kalin. obl.) `butt' [verb]Czech:Old Czech:Polish:bóść `stab, butt' [verb], bodę [1sg]Serbo-Croatian:bòsti `sting, prick, stab' [verb], bòdēm [1sg];Čak. bȍsti (Vrgada) `sting, prick, stab' [verb], bodȅš [2sg];Čak. bȍs (Orbanići) `sting, prick, stab' [verb], bodȅn [1sg]Slovene:bósti `stab, butt' [verb], bódem [1sg]Lithuanian:bèsti `stick, drive (into), dig' [verb], bẽda [3sg] \{1\}Indo-European reconstruction: bʰodʰ-IE meaning: stabPage in Pokorny: 113Other cognates:Notes: -
12 čȋnъ
čȋnъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: IV 113-115Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:čȋn `appearance, form' [m o]Slovene:čȋn `act, deed, (from Russian) rank' [m o]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: kwei-no-Page in Pokorny: 637Other cognates:Skt. cinóti `gather, arrange, pile up' [verb] -
13 činìti
činìti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: IV 112-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:činít' `repair' [verb], činjú [1sg], čínit [3sg];činít' `carry out, execute' [verb], činjú [1sg], činít [3sg]Czech:Slovak:Polish:czynić `do, make, carry out, act' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:čìniti `do, make, sift' [verb], čìnīm [1sg];Čak. činȉti (Orbanići) `make, force' [verb], činĩn [1sg]Slovene:číniti `sift, do, bring about' [verb], čȋnim [1sg]Bulgarian:čínja `do, cost' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: kwei-n-Page in Pokorny: 637Comments: In view of the *-n-, we seem to be dealing with a derivative of činъ.Other cognates:Skt. cinóti `gather, arrange, pile up' [verb] -
14 dyra
dyra; dyr'a Grammatical information: f. ā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 205Russian:dyrá `hole, gap' [f ā]Old Russian:Polabian:dară `hole, prison' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-Comments: In the ESSJa, it is argued that Ru. dyrá, which occurs alongside dirá (-> * dira), results from secondary ablaut (starting from * dъr- instead of of * dьr- `tear'. The same is suggested for -> * dura. It seems to me that such a scenario requires that there existed a formally and semantically similar root. In this particular case the root of Lith. dùrti `stab, push' has often been mentioned, but more often than not (e.g. Vasmer s.v. dyrá, Fraenkel LEW: 113, Sɫawski SEJP I: 208) the latter root is considered etymologically identical. This implies that already in Balto-Slavic both * dir- and * dur- functioned as the zero grade of * der- `tear'. Here I would like to adopt a more agnostic attitude, i.e. I prefer to separate forms belonging to the "u" ablaut series provisionally from * der- `tear'. Note that Baltic * duris firmly acute, while in the case of the verb `to tear' there are many indications for an old circumflex. -
15 dyr'a
dyra; dyr'a Grammatical information: f. ā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 205Russian:dyrá `hole, gap' [f ā]Old Russian:Polabian:dară `hole, prison' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-Comments: In the ESSJa, it is argued that Ru. dyrá, which occurs alongside dirá (-> * dira), results from secondary ablaut (starting from * dъr- instead of of * dьr- `tear'. The same is suggested for -> * dura. It seems to me that such a scenario requires that there existed a formally and semantically similar root. In this particular case the root of Lith. dùrti `stab, push' has often been mentioned, but more often than not (e.g. Vasmer s.v. dyrá, Fraenkel LEW: 113, Sɫawski SEJP I: 208) the latter root is considered etymologically identical. This implies that already in Balto-Slavic both * dir- and * dur- functioned as the zero grade of * der- `tear'. Here I would like to adopt a more agnostic attitude, i.e. I prefer to separate forms belonging to the "u" ablaut series provisionally from * der- `tear'. Note that Baltic * duris firmly acute, while in the case of the verb `to tear' there are many indications for an old circumflex. -
16 gàziti
gàziti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: aPage in Trubačev: VI 113Church Slavic:Serbo-Croatian:gȁziti `trample, wade' [verb];Čak. gȁziti (Vrgada) `trample, wade' [verb]Slovene:gáziti `wade' [verb], gȃzim [1sg]Bulgarian:gázja `wade, trample' [verb]Lithuanian:góžti `overthrow, overturn, pour out' [verb]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: g(ʷ)eHǵʰ-Other cognates:Skt. gā́hate (RV+) `penetrate, step into the water, wade' [3sipm] -
17 grebenь
grebenь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `comb'Page in Trubačev: VII 112-113Russian:grében' `comb' [m jo]Czech:hřeben `comb' [m o];hřebeň (dial.) `comb' [m jo]Slovak:hrebeň `comb' [m jo]Polish:grzebień `comb' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:grȅben `comb' [m o];Čak. grȅben `card (for combing fibers)' [m o]Slovene:grebę̑n `comb' [m o]Bulgarian:grében `comb' [m o]Indo-European reconstruction: gʰrbʰ-en- -
18 grobъ
grobъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `grave'Page in Trubačev: VII 112-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:grȍb `grave' [m o], gròba [Gens];Čak. grȍb (Novi) `grave' [m o], grobȁ;Čak. grȍp (Orbanići) `grave, tomb' [m o], grobȁ;Kajk. grȅb (Bednja) `grave' [m o], gryebȁSlovene:gròb `grave' [m o], gróba [Gens]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: gʰrbʰ-o-Other cognates: -
19 lȏvъ
lȏvъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `hunt, hunting'Page in Trubačev: XVI 111-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:lȏv `hunting, catching' [m o], lȍva [Gens];Čak. lȏv (Vrgada) `hunting, catching' [m o], lȍva [Gens]Slovene:lòv `hunt, catch' [m o], lóva [Gens];lǫ̑v `catch, catching' [f i]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: lou(H)-o- -
20 mogtь
mogtь Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `power'Page in Trubačev: XIX 111-113Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȏć `power' [f i];Čak. muȏć `power, strength' [f i]Slovene:mọ̑č `power, strength' [f i], močȋ [Gens]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: mogʰ-ti-Page in Pokorny: 695Other cognates:Skt. maghá- `power, wealth, gift';
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