Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

(into+latin)

  • 1 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 2 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 3 thème

    thème [tεm]
    masculine noun
       a. ( = sujet) theme
       b. ( = traduction) translation (into a foreign language)
    * * *
    tɛm
    nom masculin
    1) (de débat, d'émission) topic, subject; (de discours, film) theme
    2) ( traduction) prose
    3) Musique theme
    4) Linguistique ( radical) stem; ( topique) theme
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    tɛm nm
    1) (= sujet) theme
    2) ÉDUCATION (= traduction) prose (composition)
    * * *
    thème nm
    1 ( sujet) (de débat, d'émission) topic, subject; (de discours, film) theme; thème de réflexion topic for thought; le débat aura pour thème principal… the main topic for discussion will be…;
    2 ( traduction) prose, translation (into the foreign language); faire un thème latin to do a Latin prose;
    3 Mus theme;
    4 Ling ( radical) stem; ( topique) theme.
    thème astral Astrol birth chart.
    [tɛm] nom masculin
    1. ART & LITTÉRATURE & MUSIQUE theme
    thème latin/allemand translation (from one's language) into Latin/German
    thème astral nom masculin

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > thème

  • 4 Latinienses

    Lătĭum, ii, n. [2. lătus; Sanscr. root prath-, to spread or widen; cf. Lat. later, etc.; prop., the plains or flat-land;

    by the ancients referred to latēre, because here Saturnus lay concealed from his son,

    Ov. F. 1, 238; Verg. A. 8, 322; Arn. 4, 143; Lact. 1, 13;

    or to Latinus,

    the name of the mythical king, Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.], a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated, now Campagna di Roma, and a part of the Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 54; Enn. ap. Acro. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 455); Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44; Liv. 6, 21; 8, 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 53; 1, 35, 10; id. C. S. 66; Mel. 3, 4, 2; consisting of two parts:

    Latium vetus,

    Tac. A. 4, 5;

    or antiquum,

    Verg. A. 7, 38; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 56; which was the original territory governed by Rome before the subjugation of the Æqui and Volsci, and:

    Latium novum, or adjectum,

    originally the territory of the Æqui, Volsci, Hernici, and Aurunci, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.—
    B.
    Jus Latii, the political rights and privileges which belonged originally to the Latins, but were afterwards granted by the Romans to other people; this jus comprehended less than civitas Romana, but more than peregrinitas (cf. latinitas and Latini):

    eodem anno Caesar nationes Alpium maritimarum in jus Latii transtulit,

    Tac. A. 15, 32. —Also called Latium alone: aut majus est Latium aut minus; majus est Latium, cum et hi, qui decuriones leguntur, et ei qui honorem aliquem aut magistratum gerunt, civitatem Romanam consecuntur;

    minus Latium est, cum hi tantum, qui vel magistratum vel honorem gerunt, ad civitatem Romanam perveniunt,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 96; cf.:

    Latium externis dilargiri,

    Tac. H. 3, 55:

    Latio dato,

    Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20:

    Latio donata oppida,

    id. 3, 1, 3, § 7.—
    II.
    Hence,
    A.
    Lătĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latian, Latin ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    agri,

    the Latin territory, Ov. F. 2, 553; 3, 606; 5, 91:

    gens,

    id. ib. 4, 42; id. M. 14, 832:

    lingua,

    id. P. 2, 3, 75: palmes, vines growing in Latium, id. F. 4, 894:

    boves,

    Col. 6, 1, 2. — Poet., for Roman:

    turba,

    the Roman people, Ov. F. 1, 639:

    parentes,

    id. ib. 3, 243; cf.

    matres,

    id. ib. 4, 133:

    annus,

    the Roman year, id. ib. 1, 1:

    vulnera,

    of Roman soldiers, id. A. A. 1, 414.—
    B.
    Lătīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Adj.: populi, the Latins, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.); cf.

    genus,

    the Latins, Romans, Verg. A. 1, 6:

    lingua,

    the Latin language, Varr. L. L. 5, § 1 Müll.; cf.

    opp. Graeca,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    poëtae, opp. Graeci,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 10: via, beginning at the Porta Latina, near the Porta Capena, id. Clu. 59, 163; Liv. 2, 39; 10, 36 al.:

    dies,

    the days of the Roman calendar, the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 177: feriae, the festival of the allied Latins, which was celebrated especially by offerings to Juppiter Latiaris on Mons Albanus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 25 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 21, 63; 22, 1; more freq. absol.; v. in the foll. 2.: coloniae, which possessed the jus Latii, Cic. Caecin. 33 fin.; Suet. Caes. 8: nomen, Latin citizenship, also called jus Latii and Latinitas, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2 (v. socius): casus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    tragici veteres,

    Quint. 1, 8, 8:

    esse illud Latinum (verbum),

    Suet. Gram. 22.— Comp.: nihil Latinius legi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; cf.:

    nihil Latinius tuis voluminibus,

    Hier. Ep. 58, 9.— Sup.:

    homo Latinissimus,

    Hier. Ep. 50, 2.— Adv.: Lătīnē, in Latin:

    Graece haec vocatur emporos: eadem Latine mercator,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 5; id. Cas. prol. 34:

    Cumanis petentibus, ut publice Latine loquerentur, et praeconibus Latine vendendi jus esset,

    in the Latin tongue, Liv. 40, 42 fin.:

    scire,

    to understand Latin, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55:

    num Latine scit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

    non enim tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,

    id. Brut. 37, 140:

    nescire,

    Juv. 6, 188: reddere, to translate into Latin, Cic. de Or, 1, 34, 153; cf.

    docere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 9.—In partic.: Latine loqui, to speak with propriety or elegance:

    Latine et diligenter loqui,

    Cic. Brut. 45, 166; cf.:

    ut pure et emendate loquentes, quod est Latine,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 4:

    pure et Latine loqui,

    id. de Or. 1, 32, 144.—Sometimes, also, like our to talk plain English, for, to speak out, to speak plainly or openly (syn. Romano more loqui):

    (gladiator), ut appellant ii, qui plane et Latine loquuntur,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:

    Latine me scitote, non accusatorie loqui,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    poscere,

    Juv. 11, 148:

    formare,

    to compose in Latin, Suet. Aug. 89: componere, id. Gram. init.—Comp.: Latinius, in better Latin (late Lat.), Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 6; Hier. in Isa. 8, 10.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    Lătīni, ōrum, m.
    (α).
    The inhabitants of Latium, Latins, Liv. 1, 2 sq.; 1, 32 sq.; 2, 19 sq.; Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; 3, 31, 112; Verg. A. 7, 367; Juv. 6, 44. —
    (β).
    Those who possessed the Latin rights of citizenship (jus Latii, Latinitas);

    freq. in the connection, socii et Latini,

    Cic. Balb. 8, 21; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Lael. 3, 12 (v. socius).—
    (γ).
    Latini Juniani, freedmen whose liberty was secured by the operation of the lex Junia Norbana (772 A. U. C.), Gai. Inst. 3, § 56.—
    b.
    Lătīnae, ārum, f. (sc. feriae), the festival of the allied Latins, the Latin holidays, Liv. 5, 17; 19; Cic. Att. 1, 3; id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2 fin.; id. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—
    c.
    Lătīnum, i, n., Latin, the Latin language:

    licet in Latinum illa convertere,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29:

    in Latinum vertore,

    Quint. 1, 5, 2.—
    C.
    Lătīnĭensis, e, adj., Latin:

    populi,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69: ager, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 10, 20.— In plur absol.: Lătīnĭenses, ĭum, m., the Latins, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 28, 62.—
    D.
    Lătĭālis, and euphon. collat. form Lătĭāris, e (also Lătĭar, v. infra), adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Form Latialis:

    populus,

    the Latins, Romans, Ov. M. 15, 481:

    sermo,

    Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    Juppiter,

    Luc. 1, 198;

    hence, also, caput,

    a statue of Jupiter, id. 1, 535.— Lătĭālĭter, adv., in the Latin manner (post - class.):

    peplo circa umeros involuto Latialiter tegebatur,

    Mart. Cap. 5 init.:

    nihil effari,

    id. 6, § 587:

    te Latialiter sonantem,

    Sid. Carm. 23, 235 (al. Latiariter).—
    2.
    Form Latiaris: Latiaris sancte Juppiter (Juppiter Latiaris was the guardian deity of the Latin confederacy, to whom the feriae Latinae were consecrated), Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    Juppiter,

    Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43 Sillig. N. cr.:

    collis,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.:

    doctrina Latiaris,

    Macr. S. 1, 2.— Adv.: Lătĭārĭter, v. in the preced. 1.—
    b.
    Hence, subst.: Lătĭar, āris, n., the festival of Jupiter Latiaris:

    confectum erat Latiar,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; cf. Macr. S. 1, 16, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Latinienses

  • 5 Latinum

    Lătĭum, ii, n. [2. lătus; Sanscr. root prath-, to spread or widen; cf. Lat. later, etc.; prop., the plains or flat-land;

    by the ancients referred to latēre, because here Saturnus lay concealed from his son,

    Ov. F. 1, 238; Verg. A. 8, 322; Arn. 4, 143; Lact. 1, 13;

    or to Latinus,

    the name of the mythical king, Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.], a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated, now Campagna di Roma, and a part of the Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 54; Enn. ap. Acro. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 455); Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44; Liv. 6, 21; 8, 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 53; 1, 35, 10; id. C. S. 66; Mel. 3, 4, 2; consisting of two parts:

    Latium vetus,

    Tac. A. 4, 5;

    or antiquum,

    Verg. A. 7, 38; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 56; which was the original territory governed by Rome before the subjugation of the Æqui and Volsci, and:

    Latium novum, or adjectum,

    originally the territory of the Æqui, Volsci, Hernici, and Aurunci, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.—
    B.
    Jus Latii, the political rights and privileges which belonged originally to the Latins, but were afterwards granted by the Romans to other people; this jus comprehended less than civitas Romana, but more than peregrinitas (cf. latinitas and Latini):

    eodem anno Caesar nationes Alpium maritimarum in jus Latii transtulit,

    Tac. A. 15, 32. —Also called Latium alone: aut majus est Latium aut minus; majus est Latium, cum et hi, qui decuriones leguntur, et ei qui honorem aliquem aut magistratum gerunt, civitatem Romanam consecuntur;

    minus Latium est, cum hi tantum, qui vel magistratum vel honorem gerunt, ad civitatem Romanam perveniunt,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 96; cf.:

    Latium externis dilargiri,

    Tac. H. 3, 55:

    Latio dato,

    Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20:

    Latio donata oppida,

    id. 3, 1, 3, § 7.—
    II.
    Hence,
    A.
    Lătĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latian, Latin ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    agri,

    the Latin territory, Ov. F. 2, 553; 3, 606; 5, 91:

    gens,

    id. ib. 4, 42; id. M. 14, 832:

    lingua,

    id. P. 2, 3, 75: palmes, vines growing in Latium, id. F. 4, 894:

    boves,

    Col. 6, 1, 2. — Poet., for Roman:

    turba,

    the Roman people, Ov. F. 1, 639:

    parentes,

    id. ib. 3, 243; cf.

    matres,

    id. ib. 4, 133:

    annus,

    the Roman year, id. ib. 1, 1:

    vulnera,

    of Roman soldiers, id. A. A. 1, 414.—
    B.
    Lătīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Adj.: populi, the Latins, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.); cf.

    genus,

    the Latins, Romans, Verg. A. 1, 6:

    lingua,

    the Latin language, Varr. L. L. 5, § 1 Müll.; cf.

    opp. Graeca,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    poëtae, opp. Graeci,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 10: via, beginning at the Porta Latina, near the Porta Capena, id. Clu. 59, 163; Liv. 2, 39; 10, 36 al.:

    dies,

    the days of the Roman calendar, the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 177: feriae, the festival of the allied Latins, which was celebrated especially by offerings to Juppiter Latiaris on Mons Albanus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 25 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 21, 63; 22, 1; more freq. absol.; v. in the foll. 2.: coloniae, which possessed the jus Latii, Cic. Caecin. 33 fin.; Suet. Caes. 8: nomen, Latin citizenship, also called jus Latii and Latinitas, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2 (v. socius): casus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    tragici veteres,

    Quint. 1, 8, 8:

    esse illud Latinum (verbum),

    Suet. Gram. 22.— Comp.: nihil Latinius legi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; cf.:

    nihil Latinius tuis voluminibus,

    Hier. Ep. 58, 9.— Sup.:

    homo Latinissimus,

    Hier. Ep. 50, 2.— Adv.: Lătīnē, in Latin:

    Graece haec vocatur emporos: eadem Latine mercator,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 5; id. Cas. prol. 34:

    Cumanis petentibus, ut publice Latine loquerentur, et praeconibus Latine vendendi jus esset,

    in the Latin tongue, Liv. 40, 42 fin.:

    scire,

    to understand Latin, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55:

    num Latine scit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

    non enim tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,

    id. Brut. 37, 140:

    nescire,

    Juv. 6, 188: reddere, to translate into Latin, Cic. de Or, 1, 34, 153; cf.

    docere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 9.—In partic.: Latine loqui, to speak with propriety or elegance:

    Latine et diligenter loqui,

    Cic. Brut. 45, 166; cf.:

    ut pure et emendate loquentes, quod est Latine,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 4:

    pure et Latine loqui,

    id. de Or. 1, 32, 144.—Sometimes, also, like our to talk plain English, for, to speak out, to speak plainly or openly (syn. Romano more loqui):

    (gladiator), ut appellant ii, qui plane et Latine loquuntur,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:

    Latine me scitote, non accusatorie loqui,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    poscere,

    Juv. 11, 148:

    formare,

    to compose in Latin, Suet. Aug. 89: componere, id. Gram. init.—Comp.: Latinius, in better Latin (late Lat.), Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 6; Hier. in Isa. 8, 10.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    Lătīni, ōrum, m.
    (α).
    The inhabitants of Latium, Latins, Liv. 1, 2 sq.; 1, 32 sq.; 2, 19 sq.; Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; 3, 31, 112; Verg. A. 7, 367; Juv. 6, 44. —
    (β).
    Those who possessed the Latin rights of citizenship (jus Latii, Latinitas);

    freq. in the connection, socii et Latini,

    Cic. Balb. 8, 21; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Lael. 3, 12 (v. socius).—
    (γ).
    Latini Juniani, freedmen whose liberty was secured by the operation of the lex Junia Norbana (772 A. U. C.), Gai. Inst. 3, § 56.—
    b.
    Lătīnae, ārum, f. (sc. feriae), the festival of the allied Latins, the Latin holidays, Liv. 5, 17; 19; Cic. Att. 1, 3; id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2 fin.; id. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—
    c.
    Lătīnum, i, n., Latin, the Latin language:

    licet in Latinum illa convertere,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29:

    in Latinum vertore,

    Quint. 1, 5, 2.—
    C.
    Lătīnĭensis, e, adj., Latin:

    populi,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69: ager, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 10, 20.— In plur absol.: Lătīnĭenses, ĭum, m., the Latins, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 28, 62.—
    D.
    Lătĭālis, and euphon. collat. form Lătĭāris, e (also Lătĭar, v. infra), adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Form Latialis:

    populus,

    the Latins, Romans, Ov. M. 15, 481:

    sermo,

    Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    Juppiter,

    Luc. 1, 198;

    hence, also, caput,

    a statue of Jupiter, id. 1, 535.— Lătĭālĭter, adv., in the Latin manner (post - class.):

    peplo circa umeros involuto Latialiter tegebatur,

    Mart. Cap. 5 init.:

    nihil effari,

    id. 6, § 587:

    te Latialiter sonantem,

    Sid. Carm. 23, 235 (al. Latiariter).—
    2.
    Form Latiaris: Latiaris sancte Juppiter (Juppiter Latiaris was the guardian deity of the Latin confederacy, to whom the feriae Latinae were consecrated), Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    Juppiter,

    Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43 Sillig. N. cr.:

    collis,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.:

    doctrina Latiaris,

    Macr. S. 1, 2.— Adv.: Lătĭārĭter, v. in the preced. 1.—
    b.
    Hence, subst.: Lătĭar, āris, n., the festival of Jupiter Latiaris:

    confectum erat Latiar,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; cf. Macr. S. 1, 16, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Latinum

  • 6 Latium

    Lătĭum, ii, n. [2. lătus; Sanscr. root prath-, to spread or widen; cf. Lat. later, etc.; prop., the plains or flat-land;

    by the ancients referred to latēre, because here Saturnus lay concealed from his son,

    Ov. F. 1, 238; Verg. A. 8, 322; Arn. 4, 143; Lact. 1, 13;

    or to Latinus,

    the name of the mythical king, Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.], a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated, now Campagna di Roma, and a part of the Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 54; Enn. ap. Acro. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 455); Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44; Liv. 6, 21; 8, 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 53; 1, 35, 10; id. C. S. 66; Mel. 3, 4, 2; consisting of two parts:

    Latium vetus,

    Tac. A. 4, 5;

    or antiquum,

    Verg. A. 7, 38; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 56; which was the original territory governed by Rome before the subjugation of the Æqui and Volsci, and:

    Latium novum, or adjectum,

    originally the territory of the Æqui, Volsci, Hernici, and Aurunci, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.—
    B.
    Jus Latii, the political rights and privileges which belonged originally to the Latins, but were afterwards granted by the Romans to other people; this jus comprehended less than civitas Romana, but more than peregrinitas (cf. latinitas and Latini):

    eodem anno Caesar nationes Alpium maritimarum in jus Latii transtulit,

    Tac. A. 15, 32. —Also called Latium alone: aut majus est Latium aut minus; majus est Latium, cum et hi, qui decuriones leguntur, et ei qui honorem aliquem aut magistratum gerunt, civitatem Romanam consecuntur;

    minus Latium est, cum hi tantum, qui vel magistratum vel honorem gerunt, ad civitatem Romanam perveniunt,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 96; cf.:

    Latium externis dilargiri,

    Tac. H. 3, 55:

    Latio dato,

    Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20:

    Latio donata oppida,

    id. 3, 1, 3, § 7.—
    II.
    Hence,
    A.
    Lătĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latian, Latin ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    agri,

    the Latin territory, Ov. F. 2, 553; 3, 606; 5, 91:

    gens,

    id. ib. 4, 42; id. M. 14, 832:

    lingua,

    id. P. 2, 3, 75: palmes, vines growing in Latium, id. F. 4, 894:

    boves,

    Col. 6, 1, 2. — Poet., for Roman:

    turba,

    the Roman people, Ov. F. 1, 639:

    parentes,

    id. ib. 3, 243; cf.

    matres,

    id. ib. 4, 133:

    annus,

    the Roman year, id. ib. 1, 1:

    vulnera,

    of Roman soldiers, id. A. A. 1, 414.—
    B.
    Lătīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Adj.: populi, the Latins, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.); cf.

    genus,

    the Latins, Romans, Verg. A. 1, 6:

    lingua,

    the Latin language, Varr. L. L. 5, § 1 Müll.; cf.

    opp. Graeca,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    poëtae, opp. Graeci,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 10: via, beginning at the Porta Latina, near the Porta Capena, id. Clu. 59, 163; Liv. 2, 39; 10, 36 al.:

    dies,

    the days of the Roman calendar, the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 177: feriae, the festival of the allied Latins, which was celebrated especially by offerings to Juppiter Latiaris on Mons Albanus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 25 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 21, 63; 22, 1; more freq. absol.; v. in the foll. 2.: coloniae, which possessed the jus Latii, Cic. Caecin. 33 fin.; Suet. Caes. 8: nomen, Latin citizenship, also called jus Latii and Latinitas, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2 (v. socius): casus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    tragici veteres,

    Quint. 1, 8, 8:

    esse illud Latinum (verbum),

    Suet. Gram. 22.— Comp.: nihil Latinius legi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; cf.:

    nihil Latinius tuis voluminibus,

    Hier. Ep. 58, 9.— Sup.:

    homo Latinissimus,

    Hier. Ep. 50, 2.— Adv.: Lătīnē, in Latin:

    Graece haec vocatur emporos: eadem Latine mercator,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 5; id. Cas. prol. 34:

    Cumanis petentibus, ut publice Latine loquerentur, et praeconibus Latine vendendi jus esset,

    in the Latin tongue, Liv. 40, 42 fin.:

    scire,

    to understand Latin, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55:

    num Latine scit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

    non enim tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,

    id. Brut. 37, 140:

    nescire,

    Juv. 6, 188: reddere, to translate into Latin, Cic. de Or, 1, 34, 153; cf.

    docere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 9.—In partic.: Latine loqui, to speak with propriety or elegance:

    Latine et diligenter loqui,

    Cic. Brut. 45, 166; cf.:

    ut pure et emendate loquentes, quod est Latine,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 4:

    pure et Latine loqui,

    id. de Or. 1, 32, 144.—Sometimes, also, like our to talk plain English, for, to speak out, to speak plainly or openly (syn. Romano more loqui):

    (gladiator), ut appellant ii, qui plane et Latine loquuntur,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:

    Latine me scitote, non accusatorie loqui,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    poscere,

    Juv. 11, 148:

    formare,

    to compose in Latin, Suet. Aug. 89: componere, id. Gram. init.—Comp.: Latinius, in better Latin (late Lat.), Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 6; Hier. in Isa. 8, 10.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    Lătīni, ōrum, m.
    (α).
    The inhabitants of Latium, Latins, Liv. 1, 2 sq.; 1, 32 sq.; 2, 19 sq.; Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; 3, 31, 112; Verg. A. 7, 367; Juv. 6, 44. —
    (β).
    Those who possessed the Latin rights of citizenship (jus Latii, Latinitas);

    freq. in the connection, socii et Latini,

    Cic. Balb. 8, 21; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Lael. 3, 12 (v. socius).—
    (γ).
    Latini Juniani, freedmen whose liberty was secured by the operation of the lex Junia Norbana (772 A. U. C.), Gai. Inst. 3, § 56.—
    b.
    Lătīnae, ārum, f. (sc. feriae), the festival of the allied Latins, the Latin holidays, Liv. 5, 17; 19; Cic. Att. 1, 3; id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2 fin.; id. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—
    c.
    Lătīnum, i, n., Latin, the Latin language:

    licet in Latinum illa convertere,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29:

    in Latinum vertore,

    Quint. 1, 5, 2.—
    C.
    Lătīnĭensis, e, adj., Latin:

    populi,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69: ager, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 10, 20.— In plur absol.: Lătīnĭenses, ĭum, m., the Latins, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 28, 62.—
    D.
    Lătĭālis, and euphon. collat. form Lătĭāris, e (also Lătĭar, v. infra), adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Form Latialis:

    populus,

    the Latins, Romans, Ov. M. 15, 481:

    sermo,

    Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    Juppiter,

    Luc. 1, 198;

    hence, also, caput,

    a statue of Jupiter, id. 1, 535.— Lătĭālĭter, adv., in the Latin manner (post - class.):

    peplo circa umeros involuto Latialiter tegebatur,

    Mart. Cap. 5 init.:

    nihil effari,

    id. 6, § 587:

    te Latialiter sonantem,

    Sid. Carm. 23, 235 (al. Latiariter).—
    2.
    Form Latiaris: Latiaris sancte Juppiter (Juppiter Latiaris was the guardian deity of the Latin confederacy, to whom the feriae Latinae were consecrated), Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    Juppiter,

    Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43 Sillig. N. cr.:

    collis,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.:

    doctrina Latiaris,

    Macr. S. 1, 2.— Adv.: Lătĭārĭter, v. in the preced. 1.—
    b.
    Hence, subst.: Lătĭar, āris, n., the festival of Jupiter Latiaris:

    confectum erat Latiar,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; cf. Macr. S. 1, 16, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Latium

  • 7 Latius

    Lătĭum, ii, n. [2. lătus; Sanscr. root prath-, to spread or widen; cf. Lat. later, etc.; prop., the plains or flat-land;

    by the ancients referred to latēre, because here Saturnus lay concealed from his son,

    Ov. F. 1, 238; Verg. A. 8, 322; Arn. 4, 143; Lact. 1, 13;

    or to Latinus,

    the name of the mythical king, Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.], a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated, now Campagna di Roma, and a part of the Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 54; Enn. ap. Acro. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 455); Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44; Liv. 6, 21; 8, 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 53; 1, 35, 10; id. C. S. 66; Mel. 3, 4, 2; consisting of two parts:

    Latium vetus,

    Tac. A. 4, 5;

    or antiquum,

    Verg. A. 7, 38; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 56; which was the original territory governed by Rome before the subjugation of the Æqui and Volsci, and:

    Latium novum, or adjectum,

    originally the territory of the Æqui, Volsci, Hernici, and Aurunci, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.—
    B.
    Jus Latii, the political rights and privileges which belonged originally to the Latins, but were afterwards granted by the Romans to other people; this jus comprehended less than civitas Romana, but more than peregrinitas (cf. latinitas and Latini):

    eodem anno Caesar nationes Alpium maritimarum in jus Latii transtulit,

    Tac. A. 15, 32. —Also called Latium alone: aut majus est Latium aut minus; majus est Latium, cum et hi, qui decuriones leguntur, et ei qui honorem aliquem aut magistratum gerunt, civitatem Romanam consecuntur;

    minus Latium est, cum hi tantum, qui vel magistratum vel honorem gerunt, ad civitatem Romanam perveniunt,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 96; cf.:

    Latium externis dilargiri,

    Tac. H. 3, 55:

    Latio dato,

    Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20:

    Latio donata oppida,

    id. 3, 1, 3, § 7.—
    II.
    Hence,
    A.
    Lătĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latian, Latin ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    agri,

    the Latin territory, Ov. F. 2, 553; 3, 606; 5, 91:

    gens,

    id. ib. 4, 42; id. M. 14, 832:

    lingua,

    id. P. 2, 3, 75: palmes, vines growing in Latium, id. F. 4, 894:

    boves,

    Col. 6, 1, 2. — Poet., for Roman:

    turba,

    the Roman people, Ov. F. 1, 639:

    parentes,

    id. ib. 3, 243; cf.

    matres,

    id. ib. 4, 133:

    annus,

    the Roman year, id. ib. 1, 1:

    vulnera,

    of Roman soldiers, id. A. A. 1, 414.—
    B.
    Lătīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Adj.: populi, the Latins, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.); cf.

    genus,

    the Latins, Romans, Verg. A. 1, 6:

    lingua,

    the Latin language, Varr. L. L. 5, § 1 Müll.; cf.

    opp. Graeca,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

    poëtae, opp. Graeci,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 10: via, beginning at the Porta Latina, near the Porta Capena, id. Clu. 59, 163; Liv. 2, 39; 10, 36 al.:

    dies,

    the days of the Roman calendar, the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 177: feriae, the festival of the allied Latins, which was celebrated especially by offerings to Juppiter Latiaris on Mons Albanus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 25 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 21, 63; 22, 1; more freq. absol.; v. in the foll. 2.: coloniae, which possessed the jus Latii, Cic. Caecin. 33 fin.; Suet. Caes. 8: nomen, Latin citizenship, also called jus Latii and Latinitas, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2 (v. socius): casus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    tragici veteres,

    Quint. 1, 8, 8:

    esse illud Latinum (verbum),

    Suet. Gram. 22.— Comp.: nihil Latinius legi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; cf.:

    nihil Latinius tuis voluminibus,

    Hier. Ep. 58, 9.— Sup.:

    homo Latinissimus,

    Hier. Ep. 50, 2.— Adv.: Lătīnē, in Latin:

    Graece haec vocatur emporos: eadem Latine mercator,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 5; id. Cas. prol. 34:

    Cumanis petentibus, ut publice Latine loquerentur, et praeconibus Latine vendendi jus esset,

    in the Latin tongue, Liv. 40, 42 fin.:

    scire,

    to understand Latin, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55:

    num Latine scit?

    id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

    non enim tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,

    id. Brut. 37, 140:

    nescire,

    Juv. 6, 188: reddere, to translate into Latin, Cic. de Or, 1, 34, 153; cf.

    docere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 9.—In partic.: Latine loqui, to speak with propriety or elegance:

    Latine et diligenter loqui,

    Cic. Brut. 45, 166; cf.:

    ut pure et emendate loquentes, quod est Latine,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 4:

    pure et Latine loqui,

    id. de Or. 1, 32, 144.—Sometimes, also, like our to talk plain English, for, to speak out, to speak plainly or openly (syn. Romano more loqui):

    (gladiator), ut appellant ii, qui plane et Latine loquuntur,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:

    Latine me scitote, non accusatorie loqui,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    poscere,

    Juv. 11, 148:

    formare,

    to compose in Latin, Suet. Aug. 89: componere, id. Gram. init.—Comp.: Latinius, in better Latin (late Lat.), Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 6; Hier. in Isa. 8, 10.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    Lătīni, ōrum, m.
    (α).
    The inhabitants of Latium, Latins, Liv. 1, 2 sq.; 1, 32 sq.; 2, 19 sq.; Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; 3, 31, 112; Verg. A. 7, 367; Juv. 6, 44. —
    (β).
    Those who possessed the Latin rights of citizenship (jus Latii, Latinitas);

    freq. in the connection, socii et Latini,

    Cic. Balb. 8, 21; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Lael. 3, 12 (v. socius).—
    (γ).
    Latini Juniani, freedmen whose liberty was secured by the operation of the lex Junia Norbana (772 A. U. C.), Gai. Inst. 3, § 56.—
    b.
    Lătīnae, ārum, f. (sc. feriae), the festival of the allied Latins, the Latin holidays, Liv. 5, 17; 19; Cic. Att. 1, 3; id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2 fin.; id. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—
    c.
    Lătīnum, i, n., Latin, the Latin language:

    licet in Latinum illa convertere,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29:

    in Latinum vertore,

    Quint. 1, 5, 2.—
    C.
    Lătīnĭensis, e, adj., Latin:

    populi,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69: ager, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 10, 20.— In plur absol.: Lătīnĭenses, ĭum, m., the Latins, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 28, 62.—
    D.
    Lătĭālis, and euphon. collat. form Lătĭāris, e (also Lătĭar, v. infra), adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin.
    1.
    Form Latialis:

    populus,

    the Latins, Romans, Ov. M. 15, 481:

    sermo,

    Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    Juppiter,

    Luc. 1, 198;

    hence, also, caput,

    a statue of Jupiter, id. 1, 535.— Lătĭālĭter, adv., in the Latin manner (post - class.):

    peplo circa umeros involuto Latialiter tegebatur,

    Mart. Cap. 5 init.:

    nihil effari,

    id. 6, § 587:

    te Latialiter sonantem,

    Sid. Carm. 23, 235 (al. Latiariter).—
    2.
    Form Latiaris: Latiaris sancte Juppiter (Juppiter Latiaris was the guardian deity of the Latin confederacy, to whom the feriae Latinae were consecrated), Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    Juppiter,

    Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43 Sillig. N. cr.:

    collis,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.:

    doctrina Latiaris,

    Macr. S. 1, 2.— Adv.: Lătĭārĭter, v. in the preced. 1.—
    b.
    Hence, subst.: Lătĭar, āris, n., the festival of Jupiter Latiaris:

    confectum erat Latiar,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; cf. Macr. S. 1, 16, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Latius

  • 8 Latīnē

        Latīnē adv.    [Latinus], in Latin, in the Latin language: publice loqui, L.: scire, understand Latin: reddere, translate into Latin.—In good Latin, properly, elegantly: pure et Latine loqui.— In plain Latin, plainly, openly, outspokenly (cf. Romano more): plane et Latine loqui: poscere, Iu.
    * * *
    Latin, in Latin

    Latin-English dictionary > Latīnē

  • 9 volgere

    1. v/t : volgere le spalle turn one's back
    2. v/i: volgere al termine draw to a close
    il tempo volge al brutto the weather is getting worse
    volgere al peggio take a turn for the worse
    * * *
    volgere v.tr.
    1 ( indirizzare) to turn: volgere il viso verso qlco., to turn one's face toward sthg.; volgere le armi contro il nemico, to turn one's weapons on the enemy; volgere i propri sforzi verso qlco., to direct one's efforts to sthg.; volse i propri passi verso casa, he headed for home; volgere i propri pensieri verso qlco., to turn one's toughts to sthg.
    2 ( mutare, trasformare) to turn, to put*: volgi le cose in tal modo che sembra tu abbia ragione, you put things in such a way that you seem to be right: volgere qlco. a proprio vantaggio, to turn sthg. to one's own advantage // volgere una frase in latino, to turn (o to translate) a sentence into Latin; volgere in ridicolo, to turn into a joke (o to laugh off); volgere tutto in bene, in male, to put a good, a bad complexion upon everything
    3 ( girare) to turn (over): volgere le pagine di un libro, to turn (over) the pages of a book; volgere una ruota, to turn a wheel // volgere qlco. nella mente, to turn sthg. over and over in one's mind // volgere le spalle a qlcu., to turn one's back on s.o., (fig.) to give s.o. the cold shoulder
    ◆ v. intr. to turn: la strada volge a sinistra, the road turns to the left // il tempo concesso volge al termine, the time granted is coming to an end // il tempo volge al brutto, the weather is changing for the worse // il sole volgeva al tramonto, the sun was setting // volgere al peggio, to deteriorate: la situazione volge al peggio, the situation is deteriorating (o is taking a turn for the worse) // volgere al meglio, to improve.
    ◘ volgersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.
    1 to turn: si volse a guardarla, he turned (round) to look at her; si volse indietro da questa parte, he turned back this way // si volse alla musica, (fig.) he turned to music
    2 ( mutarsi, trasformarsi) to turn (to sthg.), to change (to sthg.): il suo amore si è volto in odio, his love has turned (o changed) to hate.
    volgere s.m. course: il volgere degli eventi, the course of events; col volgere del tempo, in the course of time; nel volgere di tre anni, in the course (o space) of three years.
    * * *
    1. ['vɔldʒere]
    vb irreg vi (aus avere)
    1)

    volgere a — (piegare verso) to turn to o towards, bend round to o towards

    2)

    (avvicinarsi a) volgere al peggio — to take a turn for the worse

    il tempo volge al brutto/al bello — the weather is breaking/is setting fair

    2. vt
    1) (voltare) to turn
    2) (trasformare) to turn
    * * *
    I 1. ['vɔldʒere]
    verbo transitivo

    volgere l'attenzione a — to turn o direct one's attention to

    volgere la mente, il pensiero a — to turn one's mind, thoughts to

    volgere qcs. in burla — to turn sth. into a joke

    volgere la situazione in favore di qcn. — to sway the outcome in sb.'s favour

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)
    2) fig. (evolvere)

    volgere al peggio, al meglio — [ situazione] to take a turn for the worse, the better

    3.
    verbo pronominale volgersi
    1) (girarsi) to turn

    -rsi verso qcn. — to turn to o towards sb.

    2) fig. (riversarsi)
    ••

    volgere al termine — [secolo, giorno] to draw to a close o an end

    II ['vɔldʒere]
    sostantivo maschile
    * * *
    volgere1
    /'vɔldʒere/ [101]
     1 (rivolgere) volgere lo sguardo verso to look towards; volgere l'attenzione a to turn o direct one's attention to; volgere la mente, il pensiero a to turn one's mind, thoughts to
     2 fig. (trasformare) volgere qcs. in burla to turn sth. into a joke; volgere la situazione in favore di qcn. to sway the outcome in sb.'s favour
     (aus. avere)
     1 (cambiare direzione) il sentiero volge a destra the path turns to the right
     2 fig. (evolvere) volgere al peggio, al meglio [ situazione] to take a turn for the worse, the better; il tempo sta volgendo al bello the weather is changing for the better
    III volgersi verbo pronominale
     1 (girarsi) to turn; -rsi verso qcn. to turn to o towards sb.; - rsi indietro to turn back
     2 fig. (riversarsi) la sua collera si volse contro di noi she vented her anger on us
    volgere al termine [secolo, giorno] to draw to a close o an end.
    ————————
    volgere2
    /'vɔldʒere/
    sostantivo m.
    con il volgere degli anni with the passing of years; al volgere del secolo at the turn of the century.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > volgere

  • 10 barbarus

    barbărus, a, um ( gen. plur. m. barbarum, Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = barbaros [cf. barrio; balo, balbus; blatio].
    I.
    Prop., foreign, strange, barbarous, opp. to Greek or Roman.
    A.
    In gen.:

    hospes,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25:

    mixta facit Graiis barbara turba metum,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6:

    reges,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in barbarum, adverb., in the manner or according to the custom of foreigners or barbarians:

    civitas potens, neque in barbarum corrupta,

    Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger, barbarian:

    sin hoc et ratio doctis et necessitas barbaris praescripsit,

    Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157:

    quo neque noster adit quisquam, nec barbarus audet,

    Lucr. 6, 37:

    quippe simul nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30:

    barbarorum soli prope Germani singulis uxoribus contenti,

    Tac. G. 18:

    barbari praestabant non modicam humanitatem,

    Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—
    B.
    Esp., of a particular people, in opp. to Greek or Roman or both; cf.:

    Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus induperator,

    Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: barbaria, barbaricus, and Fest. s. v. barbari, p. 36 Müll.).
    1.
    (In the mouth of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin (never so used by the Romans):

    nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes),

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40:

    i, stultior es barbaro Poticio,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (ph) adhibere, aut recto casu Graece loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,
    b.
    In the mouth of a Macedonian:

    cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque,

    Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,
    c.
    In reference to the inhabitants of Pontus:

    barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—
    2.
    Phrygian:

    tibia,

    Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.:

    sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis barbarum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—
    3.
    Persian, a Persian:

    solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the king of the Persians is called barbarus, Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3;

    and high officers of the king, barbari,

    id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.:

    Romanum agmen ad similitudinem barbari incessus convertere,

    Tac. A. 3, 33.—
    4.
    In gen., for any hostile people (among the Romans, after the Aug. age, esp. the German tribes, as, among the Greeks, after the Persian war, the Persians):

    opinio, quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5:

    ut sunt fluxioris fidei barbari,

    id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; even of the Dassaretians, a Greek people, Liv. 31, 33, 5; while the Romans did not elsewhere use barbarus for Greek.—
    II.
    Transf., foreign, strange, in mind or character.
    A.
    In mind, uncultivated, ignorant; rude, unpolished:

    qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

    ecqua civitas est... aut tam potens aut tam libera aut etiam tam inmanis ac barbara, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 11, §

    24: nationes,

    Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27:

    Maroboduus... natione magis quam ratione barbarus,

    Vell. 2, 108, 2.— Comp., of verses:

    non sunt illa suo barbariora loco,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—
    B.
    Of character, wild, savage, cruel, barbarous:

    neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

    immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

    id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21:

    gens,

    id. Sull. 27, 76:

    homines,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81:

    homo,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 57, §

    148: pirata,

    id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

    praedones,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48:

    tollite barbarum Morem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 2:

    Medea,

    id. Epod. 5, 61:

    domina,

    id. C. 3, 27, 66:

    libidines,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 7:

    ignis,

    Ov. M. 14, 574:

    populus,

    Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.—
    * Comp.:

    sacra barbariora,

    Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in use.—Hence, adv.: barbărē.
    A.
    Prop., as a foreigner would, in a foreign tongue: Demophilus scripsit;

    Marcus vortit barbare,

    i. e. into Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. barbarus, I. B. 1. —
    B.
    Transf.
    a.
    Rudely, ignorantly, in an uncultivated way:

    si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loqueretur,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:

    ut is, a quo insolenter quid aut minaciter aut crudeliter dictum sit, barbare locutus existimetur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 9:

    tota saepe theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus,

    id. 1, 6, 45.—
    b.
    Rudely, roughly, barbarously, cruelly:

    dulcia barbare Laedentem oscula,

    Hor. C. 1, 13, 15:

    ferociter et barbare facere,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > barbarus

  • 11 latino

    lătīno, āre, v. a. [id.], to express in Latin, translate into Latin, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 4, 77 (dub.; al. latinizavimus).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > latino

  • 12 переводить греческие книги на латынь

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > переводить греческие книги на латынь

  • 13 переводить на латынь

    2) Makarov: Latinize

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > переводить на латынь

  • 14 antisigma

    antĭsigmă, ătis, n., = antisigma.
    I.
    A character, , which the emperor Claudius wished to introduce into Latin for ps = the Gr. ps, Prisc. p. 558 P.; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, 5; Wordsworth's Early Lat. p. 9.—
    II.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > antisigma

  • 15 Arateus

    Ărātēus ( Ărātī-), a, um, adj., = Arateios, of or belonging to the Greek poet Aratus, Aratean: lucernae, Cinna ap. Isid. Orig. 6, 12.—Hence, absol.: nostra quaedam Aratea, i. e. the Phainomena of Aratus, translated by Cicero into Latin, Cic. Div. 2, 5, 14 B. and K.; of this translation we still possess large portions;

    v. Cic. Orell. IV. pp. 1014, 1033: carminibus Arateis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 104.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Arateus

  • 16 Aratus

    1.
    ărātus, a, um, Part. of aro.
    2.
    Ărātus, i, m., = Aratos.
    I.
    A Greek poet of Soli, in Cilicia, who fl. B. C. 250; author of an astronomical poem, entitled Phainomena, which Cicero, and afterwards Caesar Germanicus, translated into Latin, Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 69; id. Rep. 1, 22, 56; id. N. D. 2, 41; Ov. Am. 1, 15, 16; Stat. S. 5, 3, 23 (Ărătŭs, Paul. Nol. Carm. 19, 125; Sid. Carm. 23, 112).—
    II.
    Aratus of Sicyon, a distinguished Greek general, founder of the Achœan League, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81 (v. his life written by Plutarch).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Aratus

  • 17 aratus

    1.
    ărātus, a, um, Part. of aro.
    2.
    Ărātus, i, m., = Aratos.
    I.
    A Greek poet of Soli, in Cilicia, who fl. B. C. 250; author of an astronomical poem, entitled Phainomena, which Cicero, and afterwards Caesar Germanicus, translated into Latin, Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 69; id. Rep. 1, 22, 56; id. N. D. 2, 41; Ov. Am. 1, 15, 16; Stat. S. 5, 3, 23 (Ărătŭs, Paul. Nol. Carm. 19, 125; Sid. Carm. 23, 112).—
    II.
    Aratus of Sicyon, a distinguished Greek general, founder of the Achœan League, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81 (v. his life written by Plutarch).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aratus

  • 18 Epigoni

    Epĭgŏni, ōrum, m., = Epigonoi, the After-born.
    I.
    The sons of the seven heroes who went together against Thebes, Hyg. Fab. 71;

    as the name of a tragedy of Aeschylus, translated into Latin by Attius,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 60; id. Off. 1, 31, 114.—
    II.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Epigoni

  • 19 latinizo

    lătīnīzo, 1, v. a. [1. Latinus], to translate into Latin (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 8; id. Tard. 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > latinizo

  • 20 Mago

    Māgo and Māgon, ōnis, m., Magôn.
    I.
    A Carthaginian, the brother of Hannibal, Nep. Hann. 7, 4; 8, 2; Liv. 21, 47; 4, 6; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 49; Sil. 11, 556; and perhaps also id. 4, 564.—
    II.
    Another Carthaginian, the author of a work on agriculture, which was afterwards translated into Latin by order of the Roman Senate, Cic. Or. 1, 58, 249; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 10; Col. 1, 1, 13; Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22.—
    III.
    A son of Hamilcar the elder, Just. 19, 2, 1.—
    IV.
    A town in the Balearic islands, now Port Mahon, Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 77.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Mago

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Latin America — Latin American redirects here. For Latin American people, see Latin Americans. Latin America Area 21,069,501 km2 (8,134,980 sq mi) Population 572,039,894 …   Wikipedia

  • Latin American culture — is the formal or informal expression of the peoples of Latin America, and includes both high culture (literature, high art) and popular culture (music, folk art and dance) as well as religion and other customary practices. Definitions of Latin… …   Wikipedia

  • Latin Literature in Early Christianity —     Latin Literature in Early Christianity     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Latin Literature in Early Christianity     The Latin language was not at first the literary and official organ of the Christian Church in the West. The Gospel was announced… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Latin declension — Latin grammar Verb Conjugation Subjunctive by attraction Indirect Statement Declension Ablative Usages Dative Usages Latin is an inflected language, and as such has nouns, pronouns, and adjectives that must be declined in order to serve a… …   Wikipedia

  • Latin — Lat in, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Latium; a Roman. [1913 Webster] 2. The language of the ancient Romans. [1913 Webster] 3. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin. [Obs.] Ascham. [1913 Webster] 4. (Eccl.) A member… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Latin American art — has its origins in the many different indigenous cultures that inhabited the continent before the Spanish invasion in the 16th Century. Each culture developed sophisticated artistic criteria, which in most cases was strongly linked with religious …   Wikipedia

  • Latin — Lat in, v. t. To write or speak in Latin; to turn or render into Latin. [Obs.] Fuller. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Latin American art — Introduction       artistic traditions that developed in Mesoamerica, Central America, and South America after contact with the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in 1492 and 1500, respectively, and continuing to the present.       This article… …   Universalium

  • Latin literature — Introduction       the body of writings in Latin, primarily produced during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, when Latin was a spoken language. When Rome fell, Latin remained the literary language of the Western medieval world until it was …   Universalium

  • Latin spelling and pronunciation — The Roman alphabet, or Latin alphabet, was adapted from the Old Italic alphabet, to represent the phonemes of the Latin language, which had in turn been borrowed from the Greek alphabet, adapted from the Phoenician alphabet. This article deals… …   Wikipedia

  • Latin — Infobox Language name=Latin nativename= la. Lingua Latina pronunciation=/laˈtiːna/ states=Vatican City speakers= Native: none Second Language Fluent: estimated at 5,000Fact|date=April 2007 Second Language Literate: estimated 25,000Fact|date=April …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»